This study explores the internationalization of higher education in China, employing a qualitative methodology to examine Chinese universities' strategies to foster global excellence and prepare graduates for success in a globally interconnected environment. The research incorporated diverse perspectives, including those of government officials, university leaders, educators, and students, through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document analysis. Key findings highlight the instrumental role of cultural initiatives, diversity programs, and financial aid in promoting inclusivity, global competence, and student mobility. The study further emphasizes the significance of technological advancements in bridging Chinese universities with the global academic community and the critical importance of curriculum development and faculty capacity building in preparing graduates to thrive in a diverse, interconnected world. The research provides insights into China's unique approach to internationalizing its higher education system. It also underscores the need for China to enhance its inbound student mobility to further its internationalization efforts.

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to investigate and understand the intentions of management undergraduate students in Hangzhou, China, regarding the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in their education. It addresses the need to explore the factors influencing AI adoption in the educational context and contribute to the ongoing discourse on technology integration in higher education. Background: The paper addresses the problem by conducting a comprehensive investigation into the perceptions of management undergraduate students in Hangzhou, China, regarding the adoption of AI in education. The study explores various factors, including Perceived Relative Advantage and Trialability, to shed light on the nuanced dynamics influencing AI technology adoption in the context of higher education. Methodology: The study employs a quantitative research approach, utilizing the Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) methodologies. The research sample consists of management undergraduate students in Hangzhou, China, and the methods include data screening, principal component analysis, confirmatory tetrad analysis, and evaluation of the measurement and structural models. We used a random sampling method to distribute 420 online, self-administered questionnaires among management students aged 18 to 21 at universities in Hangzhou. Contribution: This paper explores how management students in Hangzhou, China, perceive the adoption of AI in education. It identifies factors that influence AI adoption intention. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the complex nature of technology adoption in the changing educational technology landscape. It offers a thorough comprehension of this process while challenging and expanding the existing literature by revealing the insignificant impacts of certain factors. This highlights the need for an approach to AI integration in education that is context-specific and culturally sensitive. Findings: The study highlights students’ positive attitudes toward integrating AI in educational settings. Perceived relative advantage and trialability were found to impact AI adoption intention significantly. AI adoption is influenced by social and cultural contexts rather than factors like compatibility, complexity, and observability. Peer influence, instructor guidance, and the university environment were identified as pivotal in shaping students’ attitudes toward AI technologies. Recommendations for Practitioners: To promote the use of AI among management students in Hangzhou, practitioners should highlight the benefits and the ease of testing these technologies. It is essential to create communication strategies tailored to the student’s needs, consider cultural differences, and utilize the influence of peers and instructors. Establishing a supportive environment within the university that encourages innovation through policies and regulations is vital. Additionally, it is recommended that students’ attitudes towards AI be monitored constantly, and strategies adjusted accordingly to keep up with the changing technological landscape. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should conduct cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural studies with qualitative and longitudinal research designs to understand factors affecting AI adoption in education. It is essential to investigate compatibility, complexity, observability, individual attitudes, prior experience, and the evolving role of peers and instructors. Impact on Society: The study’s insights into the positive attitudes of management students in Hangzhou, China, toward AI adoption in education have broader societal implications. It reflects a readiness for transformative educational experiences in a region known for technological advancements. However, the study also underscores the importance of cautious integration, considering associated risks like data privacy and biases to ensure equitable benefits and uphold educational values. Future Research: Future research should delve into AI adoption in various academic disciplines and regions, employing longitudinal designs and qualitative methods to understand cultural influences and the roles of peers and instructors. Investigating moderating factors influencing specific factors’ relationship with AI adoption intention is essential for a comprehensive understanding.

The integration of digitalization and servitization has become a significant trend in transforming the manufacturing industry due to digital intelligence technology. This paper examines the impact of the integration of digitalization and servitization on the performance of manufacturing companies and how small-scale enterprises can promote digital transformation leading to servitization. The study involved surveying 331 manufacturing companies in China using a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire. Measurement scales were validated using confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity tests. Mediation analysis assessed digitalization’s impact on servitization and firm performance. The study’s findings emphasize the significant impact of digitalization and servitization on enterprises’ performance. Digitalization plays a crucial role in mediating this relationship. The study highlights three critical dimensions of digital variables, including digital technology, digital labor, and digital relationship resources, essential in enabling effective servitization. Manufacturing enterprises generally prefer aligning their technology investments and organizational changes within the digitalization framework to implement servitization successfully. The study suggests two integration strategies, namely conservative and aggressive. The finding emphasizes that the convergence of digitalization and servitization leads to a new manufacturing production mode called digital servitization.

The tourism industry is a key driver of many economies, and emerging nations place a strong emphasis on it. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, Chinese tourists were on the rise in Asia and global tourism. However, the pandemic has severely impacted the tourism industry, and its recovery will be dependent on when China lifts its travel restrictions. This research aims to explore strategies to attract Chinese visitors once travel restrictions are lifted. To gather data, our study employed an exploratory approach and collected information from Chinese tourism industry experts who design tours for Chinese tourists visiting other Asian countries, specifically Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Thailand, using snowball sampling. Our findings highlight the importance of language, technology, and information availability in capturing the interest of Chinese tourists. Additionally, current industrial decisions necessitate a deep understanding of Chinese legislation and regulatory data. Reliable transportation infrastructure is also crucial for countries seeking to attract Chinese visitors. Notably, the findings of our study emphasize the need for collaboration between the government of the focus countries and China to support the tourism industry. By leveraging language, technology, information availability, and reliable transportation, emerging nations can unleash the potential of the Chinese tourism market once travel restrictions are lifted. This research provides valuable insights for industry practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to tap into the Chinese tourism market in the post-pandemic era.

Aim/Purpose: Most people use their phones for work and communication. Businesses today require sustainable mobile phones to limit the environmental impact of mobile phones. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a green product uses less energy. Green smartphones need low radiation emission, are made from recyclable materials, and are designed to last longer than typical smartphones. Further, the manufacturing process needs to have a low environmental impact. The present study aims to identify the influence of variables (such as Green Awareness, Environmental Concern, Altruism, and Willingness to Pay) on green smartphone purchase intention among academics in the Sri Lankan higher education sector. Background: With the swift technological advances, almost everyone has begun to use smartphones. Simultaneously, smartphone manufacturers have begun to release cutting-edge smartphone models to the general public. As a result, it has generated a significant amount of e-waste for the environment. As a result, therefore, the sustainability of green smartphones has become a major societal concern in the developed world, but this is not yet true in the developing world Methodology: The study used a qualitative research method in which the authors attempted to acquire primary data by conducting in-depth interviews with academics from the Sri Lankan higher education sector using a semi-structured interview guide. Eight interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and word-to-word transcribed for content analysis. Researchers used content analysis to determine the presence, meanings, and linkages of specific words, themes, or concepts. Contribution: The findings provide important environmental insights for smartphone makers and society, such as introducing waste reduction programs and energy-saving practices and creating awareness among people to change their consumption patterns. The study will provide valuable insights into the green smartphone phone purchasing intentions of academics in a developing country, especially helping green smartphone producers and marketers construct effective tactics with the insight of the current study based on university faculty members’ viewpoints. Findings: The current study’s findings revealed that academics acknowledge the need for environmental protection with an awareness of the green concept and environmental concerns. According to the interviews, most participants intended to move from their present smartphone to an ecologically friendly phone, as they explained on altruism. This implies that even academics in underdeveloped countries are worried about environmental issues and have shown a more robust understanding of these issues and how environmentally aware individuals’ activities may assist the earth’s sustainability. Further, academics have a willingness to pay for a green smartphone. Recommendations for Practitioners: Academics prioritize environmental conservation when making purchases. This implies that manufacturers and enterprises should focus on developing and in- novating more environmentally friendly products. Recommendation for Researchers: Using only academics as a sample approach is severely limited if the study’s population comprises people with various qualities. Nevertheless, this study presented only four independent variables, and more factors impacting green smartphone purchasing intention may exist. As a result, it is proposed that future research consider other factors. Impact on Society: It was discovered that most participants displayed altruism in their product purchases, implying that policymakers must strengthen the moral practice of concern for the welfare and happiness of other humans, even in developing countries. Future Research: A further in-depth study focusing on many perspectives such as limits and motivations for purchasing green products in various socioeconomic groups with varying moderating factors such as gender, education, rural-urban, and so on would be advantageous. Individual (emotions, habits, perceived behavioral control, trust, values, personal norm, knowledge) and situational (availability, product attributes, subjective norm, brand, eco-labeling) variables should be included in future research.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a massive and unintentional shift to work from home (WFH) or working remotely, as well as broad adoption of web-based platforms. The goal of this research is to uncover the attitudes to WFH among different types of academics in the Sri Lankan higher education sector. An online questionnaire survey was conducted amidst a severe COVID-19 wave during June–September 2021, and 337 valid responses were received. The questionnaire contained 49 questions under four sections excluding demographic questions. The gathered data were analysed using multiple regression models. Results of the study ascertained a significant (p < 0.01) positive attitude among academics towards online teaching (academic orientation), other than academics who from disciplines with more practical components, and there was a significant (p < 0.01) positive attitude among academics to conducting research (research orientation) while WFH. Further, the findings indicate a significant (p < 0.01) negative attitude to WFH when disseminating knowledge and engaging in community services with various stakeholders. When considering the criticality of demographics variables in the new normal, a hybrid working model can be introduced by reaping the benefits of WFH based on different types of academic orientations and their favourability towards the WFH model, rather than reverting to a full physical academic working environment. As a developing country, Sri Lanka can formulate policies on effective hybrid working models for academics to realise the potential from the lessons learned. This experience will enable the country to accomplish or move towards accomplishing the fourth goal of SDGs, quality education by 2030.

The education sector is going through and is facing significant learning and teaching challenges with the novel pandemic. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic severely affected every sector across the world. The existing literature databases on COVID-19 are focused on the medical elements of the pandemic. Therefore, this study focused on creating a covid-19 pandemic and the performance of academic personnel. The purpose of this study is to provide an open access resource to support future learning and teaching scholars to gain timely access to pre-examined literature on academic staff performances during COVID-19. This study is based on 31 manuscripts published online between, 1st January 2020 to 01st April 2021. Using a rigorous systematic review method, engaging in the PRISMA approach, conducting a thorough reading process for observing the selected articles and findings presented under three major themes of academic performances with teaching and development, academic performances with research and scholarly work, academic performances with dissemination of knowledge. This study offers a first glance at the metadata of articles published on the covid-19 pandemic and the performance of academic personnel during the first fifteen months after occurring the novel coronavirus disease, by providing an open access database, to get the opportunities for future research.

This study aimed at examining factors that effect of food taste, food quality, service quality, perceived price, responsiveness, restaurant environment on customer satisfaction and revisit intention. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey of fast food restaurant customers in a selected metropolitan area from Colombo district and students from University of Sri Jayewardenepura. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and R Studio 3.5.1 software. The study has found that food quality and perceived price are the important antecedents of restaurant customer satisfaction. Further, the results clearly showed a significant role of customer satisfaction on revisit intention and crucial impact of perceived price on customer satisfaction. In addition, revisit intention towards the fast food restaurant is directly influenced by food tastes. This study collected data from two selected groups; students from University of Sri Jayewardenepura and one metropolitan area, and data has analyzed further based on demographic characteristics further to confirm the results. Therefore, this study provides valuable insight to restaurant managers on attracting, retaining and satisfying their customers.

This study examines the factors influencing online education for selected Sri Lankan universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also analyses the moderate effect of gender and type of the university on online education. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire via google form from Management students in Sri Lankan selected universities. Data analysis was done through structural equations using analysis of moment structures (AMOS) version 22.0. Attitude, internet and related facilities, curriculum, and self-motivation were found to have a significant positive impact on online education, while workload & time have no significant effect on online education. Among four factors, the strongest influence was derived from self-motivation followed by the curriculum. We have not found significant differences among male and female students’ views on online education, while the impact from the type of university is different among the two categories. This study effectively guides policy makers and university administrators across the educational institutes to decide on continuing online education. It reveals some insights to the teachers, students, and parents to understand the significance of the modern online learning environment and its positive impact on the new learning mode. There is no study related to the factors associated with the impact of online education during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Sri Lankan context.

As education moves e-learning all over the world due to COIVD-19 pandemic, students spend more time on e-learning than ever before. This is also equally applied to the Sri Lankan education system. Thus this study examines the undergraduate students’ perspectives on e-learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in universities in Sri Lanka. Primary data was obtained from undergraduate students in Sri Lankan university using a structured questionnaire via Google form. The perspectives on e-learning education during the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated using descriptive statistics and frequency analysis. The majority of the undergraduate students felt that the e-learning version of education saved travel time and cost of accommodation. Furthermore, the study revealed that the majority of students were happy with the e-learning form of education during the pandemic since it allowed them to finish their degrees faster and access the labor market without a delay. The biggest challenges with e-learning, according to the student responses, were internet access, device availability, visionary issues, technical issues, and stress. As a result of this COVID -19 pandemic, if higher education officials in Sri Lankan universities want to keep e-learning education on going, they must focus on offering cost-effective, high-speed data connections while minimizing technological hurdles. At the same time, it is important to update and revise the curriculum content according to this new mode of education since this is a completely new situation for all. There is relatively little research on students’ perspectives on e-learning education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Sri Lankan context and it will provide some important highlights to the researchers, parent and academics as well.

China is one of the strongest economies in the world which is only second to the United States. Over the past four decades, China was experiencing a fast economic growth and its rise from a developing country to a significant economic power is spectacular. The researchers try to identify main determinants of economic growth using annual data from 1982 to 2018.Multiple regression analysis using OLS method was employed to investigate the influence of each explanatory variable on the GDP per capita growth rate. The results indicate that the education level and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have positive and significant impact on economic growth while population growth has imposed a negative and significant impact on growth. As results suggest, education level has played a major role in achieving higher growth rates in China. At present, 4 per cent of China's total GDP is invested in education. If the government can promote education in China, it would promote economic growth further. This study proves that FDI inflows also have a significant positive influence on economic growth. China has imposed a number of restrictions on FDI inflows. However, according to the results of this study, if the policymakers can open up the economy to facilitate FDI inflows, it would promote economic growth in China significantly. Due to the one-child policy, China is still maintaining a very lower population growth. Due to this, China has faced a severe demographic problem of aging population. That problem has led to slow down the economic growth in China. Keywords: Economic growth, education level, foreign direct investments, population growth, China

The development of Family-owned Businesses in developing countries including Sri Lanka is of great importance for increasing national production, providing employment for youth, developing rural and village industries, establishing a sound national industrial base, encouraging indigenous creativity and reducing the dependence on imported goods. Although the Family-owned Businesses are a vital instrument for realizing the above mentioned goals, the Family Business industrialists who are considered as a principal character, have a very poor survival rate in the economy. Thus, the problem in which the present research will concentrate entails developing a better understanding of how Family-owned Businesses can avoid failure and improve their effectiveness by using outside assistance. For this purpose a sample of 45 Family-owned Businesses were studied. The units of analysis were the network of actors offering support services to Family-owned Businesses and the entrepreneur skills. For simplicity only selected actors of support were considered, but particular attention paid to some intermediary actors who have served to activate, maintain and promote the resource networks with the Family Business.The statistical analysis model has provided significant statistical support for the acceptance that the successes of the Family-owned Businesses are closely related with the Social Networks and the Entrepreneur Skills.

The study focuses on Sri Lankan virgin coconut oil industry because of it is one of the upcoming export products and also its position as one of the key player in the global market. Sri Lankan coconut industry is one of the major foreign exchange and employment generation source and element of the Sri Lankan nation. The study attempted to unearth the determinants of export competitiveness of virgin coconut oil industry in Sri Lanka by drawing attention on Porter’s theory of the competitive advantage of nations. The target population of the study consisted with individual firms which are engaging in virgin coconut oil export in Sri Lanka is two hundred and nineteen. The study used a likert scale to measure the chosen variables. Based on the Pearson Correlation analysis researcher can say that there is significance strong positive relationship between Availability of Raw materials, Quality of demand and Market share of export with the Export Competitiveness. According to regression analysis researcher can say that availability of Raw materials, Local market, Quality of demand and Market share of export has significance positive affect on Advantage of Export Competitiveness.

Economists are torn between basically three schools of thoughts where the first theory states that the population growth will stimulate the economic growth of a country and other believes that the population growth will bring detrimental or adverse impact to the economic growth. Not only that, but there is another school of thought, which believes that the population growth is a neutral factor in economic growth. Given this diverse of opinions, through this study it is expected to established a firm relationship between the population growth and the economic growth of Sri Lanka. This study developed an econometric model using time series data from 1980 to 2015 and tested the relationship not only the GDP of Sri Lanka, but other significant variables of an economy such as Domestic Savings, Private consumption and Total Investment as well. The results of this study indicate absence of a long term relationship between the population growth and the GDP of Sri Lanka and there will be no any relationship between the other selected variables and the population growth of Sri Lanka. The Granger Causality Analysis found out a unidirectional relationship between the GDP and the population growth, running from population growth to GDP. The study concludes that in Sri Lankan context, the population growth will not have any significant impact on the economic growth.

The service sector gives the highest contribution to the economic growth of the country and it is about more than 50. Therefore service sector give the highest contribution for the economic growth in Srilanka. Through this research the service sector is decomposed. This empirical study was to measuring the contribution for the economic growth in Sri Lanka by service sector. Time series data is used to identify the decomposition of economic growth in Sri Lanka by Service. Annually data is collected from 2006 to 2014. This study mainly focused on growth decomposition methodology developed by Ivanov and Webster and this methodology used to decompose economic growth in Sri Lanka by service sector. This model presents an approach that is general and it can be applied to other countries. The methodology identifies the direct impacts of specific service sector components on the per capita growth of real gross domestic product. The study found that each service sector components in this analysis has a very different contribution to the growth rate in the economy. The research findings would provide guidance to the policy makers to develop policies, procedures, programs and standards.

In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings Keywords: Nonperforming Loans, Macroeconomic Determinants, In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings Keywords: Nonperforming Loans, Macroeconomic Determinants, In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings Keywords: Nonperforming Loans, Macroeconomic Determinants, In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings Keywords: Nonperforming Loans, Macroeconomic Determinants, In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings Keywords: Nonperforming Loans, Macroeconomic Determinants, In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings Keywords: Nonperforming Loans, Macroeconomic Determinants, In the recent past, the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession in many developed countries have increased households’ and firms’ defaults, causing significant losses to the banks. Case of Sri Lanka is no difference. The changes in the economic conditions are believed to have a critical role to play in determining the level of nonperforming loans. Regulators all over the world have started to pay more attention to the credit quality of the Banks and strengthened the regulatory frameworks. This paper attempts to study the macroeconomic determinants of banks’ loan quality in Sri Lanka by analyzing secondary data over the period 1998–2014. The methodology to be adopted for the study was arrived at upon careful review of the literature and following the empirical studies conducted on the determinants of the nonperforming loans. The finding of the analysis is that, out of the six determinants, GDP growth rate and the Export Growth are significant in determining the level of the NPLs in the Sri Lankan banking sector. The relationship of the GDP with the NPL is found to be positive which is not consistent with the majority of the empirical findings

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the most significant savings motive among households in Kalutara District. Data was collected through questionnaires by using hundred respondents. The factor analysis is explored to examine, what is the most significant savings motive among pre-determined savings motives of bequest, precautionary and life cycle. It has been identified the most significant savings motive of households in Kalutara district is the precautionary savings motive

It is very significant to understand what factors affect the failure of Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMEs). The study is to empirically identify factors effecting on SMEs for the success and it’s an exploratory using a sample form Western province in Sri Lanka. To study the failure factors of SMEs in Western province in Sri Lanka., forty six (46) samples were selected through systematic random sampling throughout the year of 2010 to 2016. A questionnaire is used for collecting primary data for this study and it includes five point of Likert scale questions. Researcher gives more weight to failed ventures because this research main objective is find out factors affecting the rate of failure of small business enterprises. Reliability of dimensions is test using with the support of Cronbach’s Alpha Value. Validity of dimensions is test using convergent validity using KMO values. The results of the study revealed that out of eight factors affecting to failure such as Owner manager’s attitude, Financial Issues, Raw material availability, Labor Availability, Technology Issues, Entrepreneurial knowledge, Feasibility study and Government Support ; the raw material availability and the government support are the most important factors for the success.

The household saving is a decision which is taken by the people to postpone their consumption of current income. Savings can be considered as one of the crucial tools which households utilized to accomplish their financial expectations in order to improve their financial wellbeing. There are many ways of accumulating or investing money, which can be identified as the deposits in bank accounts or building society accounts to saving in pensions, save in credit unions, invest in the stock market and many other saving sources. This study is an inspection of saving motives of Sri Lankan household in present economic situation. Briefly it can be explained, the harvest of the research will provide the answer to the question of what is the most significantly affected saving motive which stimulate/ encourage people to save money? And it will be further declared how do these saving motives vary when household characteristics differ? As a conclusion it can be stated that this study is seeking answers for why do people save money in a broader sense (Research Problem). And the answer for, of what is the most significantly affected saving motive to stimulate people, for savings? The main purpose of this paper is to examine the most significant savings motive among households in Kalutara District. Data were collected through questionnaires by using hundred respondents. The factor analysis is explored to examine, what is the most significant savings motive among pre-determined savings motives of bequest, precautionary and life cycle using SPSS 17. It has been identified the most significant savings motive of households in Kalutara district is the precautionary savings motive.

The saving rate in Sri Lanka remains low and most of the studies have not been conclusive on factors influencing in savings in developing countries. The policy makers’ understanding on household financial decision-making is important for the design of social welfare and consumer policy and household economic decisions about saving and spending are of interest to credit institutions, which should provide households with adequate financial services. This study adopted a micro economic approach in investing the factors that influence savings among household of farmers, teachers and entrepreneurs in Colombo district. The sample composed of 90 farmers, teachers and entrepreneurs which was selected through convenience sampling under the non-probability sampling technique. To collect the primary data from the units of sample the researcher used survey method. This study used basically four main factors of demographic, socioeconomic, income and individual factors to test the determinants of household savings. The main findings of this study was household savings are determined by socioeconomic factors, income factors and individual factors while demographic factors do not show significant association with level of savings.