A protein (SNP70) has been isolated that binds to the Src homology domain 3 of p47(phox), p85 alpha, and c-src. Cloning and sequencing of the polypeptide revealed it to be a 70-kDa protein that has a number of potential domains, including Src homology 3 binding motifs and several nuclear localization signals. Immunofluorescence using anti-peptide antibodies revealed SNP70 to be primarily concentrated in the nucleus but excluded from nucleoli, in interphase cells. However, it was distributed throughout the cytoplasm in dividing cells. Extraction and subfractionation experiments indicated that SNP70 did not bind directly to DNA but did bind to poly(G)-rich oligonucleotides and was resistant to extraction with nonionic detergents but was solubilized by treatment with RNase,. high salt, or ammonium sulfate. Double-immunofluorescence experiments showed that SNP70 co-localized with two pre-mRNA splicing factors SC35 and U2B " within the nucleus. A population of SNP70 was found outside the nucleus, and double-immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that it associated with vimentin-containing intermediate filaments, particularly those surrounding the nucleus. The data suggest that SNP70 associates with nuclear or perinuclear filaments and may play a role in the regulation of pre-mRNA processing.

Synaptojanin1, the major constitutively active PtdInsP3 5‐phosphatase activity in rat brain, is one of two closely related proteins both extensively spliced in their C‐terminal proline rich domain. We describe here the discovery of a novel splice variant of synaptojanin1 which misses the major N‐terminal part of the SAC1 domain. This ΔSAC‐synaptojanin1 is expressed in rat brain tissue as shown by Northern and Western analysis. However, the deletion of the SAC1 domain does not alter PtdInsP3 5‐phosphatase activity demonstrating that the SAC1 domain is not necessary for catalytic function.

The major constitutive phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-P3 (PtdIns) 5-phosphatase activity was purified and subjected to peptide sequence analysis providing extensive amino acid sequence which was subsequently used for cloning the cDNA. Peptide and cDNA sequences revealed that the purified PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase was identical to a splice variant of a recently cloned inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase termed synaptojanin. Since synaptojanin is not known to possess PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity, we verified that the purified PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity and synaptojanin are identical by Western blot using specific antibodies raised against synaptojanin sequences. Immunoprecipitation from crude lysates of rat brain tissue showed that synaptojanin accounts for the major part of the active PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity. It is also shown that the protein is localized to the soluble fraction. Expression of a truncated recombinant protein demonstrates that the conserved 5-phosphatase region of the synaptojanin gene expresses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity. However, immunological analysis demonstrates that the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity expressed from the synaptojanin gene in brain is due to a particular splice variant which contains a 16-amino acid insert as shown by immunoprecipitation using a specific antibody raised against this particular splice variant.

Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Grb2 fusion proteins have been used to identify the potential role of Grb2-binding proteins in platelet activation by the platelet low-affinity IgG receptor, Fc gamma RIIA. Two tyrosine phosphoproteins of 38 and 63 kD bind to the SH2 domain of Grb2 following Fc gamma RIIA stimulation of platelets. Both are located in the particulate fraction following platelet activation and are also able to bind to a GST-construct containing the SH2 and SH3 domains of phospholipase C gamma 1. p38 also forms a complex with the tyrosine kinase csk in stimulated cells and is a substrate for the kinase. The SH3 domains of Grb2 form a stable complex with SOS1 and two proteins of 75 kD and 120 kD, which undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in Fc gamma RIIA stimulated cells. The 75-kD protein is recognized by antibodies to SLP-76, which has recently been isolated from T cells and sequenced. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 and p63 is also observed in platelets stimulated by the tyrosine kinase-linked receptor agonist collagen and by the G protein-coupled receptor agonist thrombin, although phosphorylation of SLP-76 is only observed in collagen-stimulated platelets. p38 and p63 may provide a docking site for Grb2, thereby linking Grb2 SH3-binding proteins SOS1, SLP-76, and p120 to downstream signalling events.

The binding of proteins from an immortalised B-cell line to a panel of SH3 domains was investigated in vitro. One of the most prominent SH3 domain binding proteins was a 68 kD polypeptide which strongly associated with the SH3 domains of c-src, p85a and p47phox and weakly with the SH3 domain of PLCgamma and n-src with undetectable binding to the other SH3 domains tested. Immunoblotting identified this protein as human Sam68. The ability of proline-rich peptides homologous to the Sam68 primary sequence to inhibit the binding of Sam68 to SH3 domains was investigated. Only one peptide inhibited binding of Sam68 to the p85alpha SH3 domain, whereas several peptides inhibited binding of Sam68 to c-src SH3 domain, suggesting that Sam68 uses different proline-rich motifs to bind to different SH3 domains. A peptide derived from residues 32-44 of Sam68 which fits the class II SH3 domain binding consensus sequence inhibited binding of Sam68 to both p85alpha SH3 domain and c-src SH3 domain, but with differential potency, suggesting a differential affinity of these SH3 domains for this proline-rich motif.

Src homology 3 (SH3) domains have been shown to mediate selected interactions between signaling molecules and are essential for the activation of a number of receptor-driven pathways. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein was identified as a protein that associated selectively with the SH3 domains derived from c-Src, p85α, phospholipase Cγ1, and c-Fgr. Significantly reduced association was detected to the N-terminal SH3 domain and the tandem SH3 domains of p47phox, and no binding was detected to the SH3 domain of n-Src, the C-terminal SH3 domain of p47phox, or either of the SH3 domains of p67phox. Three peptides corresponding to potential Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein SH3 domain binding motifs were found to inhibit its association with c-Src, Fgr, and phospholipase Cγ1 SH3 domains, but not the p85α SH3 domain. These peptides have the sequences MRRQEPLPPPPPPSRG, TGRSGPLPPPPPGA, and KGRSGPLPPVPLGI and show homology with other SH3 domain binding motifs. It is possible that the intracellular association of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein with other signaling proteins is mediated by its SH3 domain-binding regions, and this may play a role in its putative function as a regulatory molecule in immune cells.

To investigate the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) activation we have examined the effect of the potent tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitor, vanadyl hydroperoxide, on PMN function. Western blotting of vanadyl hydroperoxide-treated PMN showed that there was a rapid dose-dependent increase in tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Vanadyl hydroperoxide also induced superoxide production in PMN over the range 10-100 microM, similar to the concentrations that also induced tyrosine phosphorylation. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor erbstatin totally inhibited the respiratory burst induced by vandyl hydroperoxide, showing that tyrosine kinase activity was necessary for superoxide production. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors chelerythrine and bisidolylmaleimide inhibited the vanadyl hydroperoxide-induced respiratory burst with an inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) close to that for PKC inhibition without affecting tyrosine phosphorylation. These results indicate a possible role for PKC in vanadyl hydroperoxide-mediated superoxide production, and that any PKC involvement is downstream of tyrosine phosphorylation. These results further demonstrate that inhibition of phosphotyrosine phosphatases results in the activation of a functional response, indicating a critical role for phosphotyrosine phosphatases in PMN stimulation.