Soil erosion is a major environmental challenge in Mediterranean regions, where climatic variability, steep slopes, and human activities accelerate land degradation. In the north-central region of Algeria, the Mitidja Plain faces increasing erosion pressure, threatening biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and long-term soil sustainability. This study aims to assess soil erosion risk by integrating the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques within a Cloud-Based Geospatial (CBG) framework using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. High-resolution datasets on rainfall, topography, soil properties, and land cover were processed in GEE to derive five RUSLE factors: rainfall runoff erosivity (RE), soil erodibility (KS), slope length steepness (LS), cropping management (CM), and management practices (PC). The analysis revealed that 41% of the Mitidja Plain is at severe erosion risk, with an average soil loss of 88.72 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and a maximum of 161.13 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Erosion hotspots correspond to areas where slopes exceed 22°, vegetation cover is sparse, and rainfall intensity is high. The AHP-weighted integration achieved strong predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.87), identifying slope characteristics as the most influential factor (weight = 0.292). Forested areas reduced erosion risk in 30% of the region, while unprotected mountainous zones covering 22% of the study area require urgent intervention. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CBG-enhanced modeling for mapping priority conservation areas. Recommendations include terracing, check dams, vegetation restoration, and adaptive agricultural practices to reduce soil loss, particularly in agricultural lands with moderate to high vulnerability (48% of the plain). The methodology provides a replicable framework for other Mediterranean regions facing similar erosion pressures, offering robust spatial data to guide soil management and conservation planning.

The AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated for durum wheat in the arid region of Biskra, Algeria. using field data from the CAZDA COSIDER farm during the 2022/2023 growing season. The wheat field was irrigated using a center pivot system with saline water at 4.45 dS m−1. Validation was performed with independent yield data from the Technical Institute for the Development of Saharan Agronomy (TIDSA) in Biskra region; to take into consideration the differences in weather conditions, soil, salinity levels and irrigation management. The calibration process involved adjusting only the non-conservative crop parameters. The model accurately simulated canopy cover (RMSE = 3.7%, NRMSE = 5.5%, EF = 0.99, R = 1) and above-ground biomass (RMSE = 1.1 t ha−1, NRMSE = 9.6%, EF = 0.78, R = 0.95), with a slight underestimation of 0.25 t ha−1 in the final above-ground biomass. The model captured the temporal trends in soil water content, but with low quantitative accuracy (RMSE = 40.2 mm, NRMSE = 14.9%, EF = −0.42, R = 0.94). Validation confirmed very good predictive performance for grain yield (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.2 t ha−1, NRMSE = 2.76%, EF = 0.9, d = 0.98). Overall, the results demonstrate that, with rigorous calibration using field measured data, the AquaCrop model can accurately predict durum wheat grain yield and final above-ground biomass under the arid and saline conditions of the studied area. In contrast, the use of default parameters resulted in poor yield prediction performance, underscoring the critical need for site-specific calibration. The locally calibrated AquaCrop model can effectively support water managers and decision-makers in optimizing irrigation scheduling and enhancing durum wheat yields under the challenging saline and arid conditions characteristic of the Biskra region. Serving as a robust decision support tool, the model enables the implementation of improved agricultural practices that ultimately benefit farmers and promote sustainable agriculture in the area.

The aim of the study was to monitor and assess the suitability of surface water in the intake area of the Bereslav Reservoir for irrigation. During the growing season, water mineralization varied from 0.998 to 1.601 gdm‑3. According to Kostyakov A.N., the water is characterized as slightly mineralized and belongs mainly to group III. According to Alekin O.A., water at the beginning and end of the growing season is classified as sodium sulfate-chloride class; in July and August, the water chemistry changes to sulfate class of magnesium-sodium group. Observations of seasonal changes in the main components of mineral composition of water relative to their maximum permissible concentrations revealed an excess of sulfate anion in May and August by 7 and 91 mgdm‑3, respectively, and in July almost 1.5 times. In the cation series, the main pollutants were sodium (incombination with potassium), its highest concentration in May was 299 mgdm‑3, in July it decreased to the maximum permissible value, as well as magnesium, concentration of which in July exceeded the standard by 28 mgdm‑3. In terms of concentration of sodium chlorides and sulfates, the irrigation water is of satisfactory quality. Actual values of mineral composition of the water and calculated values of irrigation coefficients, considering variability of chemical composition of the water over time, indicate its possible negative impact on ionic equilibrium in soil absorption complex. As aresult, in order to maintain ameliorative state of the soils, it is necessary to develop and regularly carry out agrotechnical and agroameliorative measures to prevent salinization processes.

The purpose of the study was to assess effect of different doses of wastewater sludge on productivity of irrigation water use by agrocenoses of potatoes (Zhukovsky rannii) and soybeans (VNIIOZ 31), on their yield, as well as the index of soil contamination and seed production. Agrometeorological conditions of the periods of vegetation experiments are characterized as dry with hydrothermal coefficient value of no more than 0.39. Considering the current climatic conditions, regulations for watering potatoes and soybeans were drawn up. It was established that application of WWS in doses of 20, 40 and 60 tha-1 had different effects on crops total water consumption. In potato crops, irrigation rate varied from 2590 m3ha-1 in the control to 1850 m3ha-1 in WWS60 variant, and in soybean crops, it varied from 3700 in the control to 2960 m3ha-1 in WWS60 variant. At the same time, amount of irrigation water to obtain a ton of potato and soybean yield in the control averaged 124.5 and 1298.2 m3t-1, respectively, against 118.372.8 and 1213.1886.2 m3t-1 for variants WWS20, WWS40 and WWS60, which corresponded to increase in water use productivity from 5.0 to 41.5 % and from 6.6 to 31.7 %, respectively. Laboratory studies of soil samples of the arable layer showed that pollution index in relation to heavy metals Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu varies from 2.54 in variant WWS20 to 4.04 in variant WWS60, which indicates the absence of soil contamination. Evaluation of potato tubers for values of starch, dry matter, nitrates and heavy metals demonstrates sufficiently high quality and acceptable level of contamination of the seeds.

The aim of the research was to study water-physical properties of chestnut soils under different tillage practices when cultivating corn (Povolzhsky 89 MV hybrid) under irrigated conditions in the Lower Volga region. Therefore, the following characteristics of the soil were studied - soil density, soil moisture, field capacity, maximal hygroscopic moisture, wilting point and porosity. The results revealed that after chisel loosening, a qualitative improvement of soil water-physical properties was observed in comparison with the control variant - moldboard plowing. To describe the dynamics of changes in soil density by layers and tillage variants, a regression of the 2nd order was proposed, and coefficients of the equation were calculated. In order to maintain the specified irrigation regime during the observation periods, 7 to 9 vegetative irrigations with application rate from 2250 to 2750 m3ha-1 were carried out in the variants with moldboard plowing, 7 to 8 irrigations with application rate from 2200 to 2600 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel loosening, and 6 to 7 irrigations with application rates from 2100 to 2500 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel moldboard plowing. The yield of corn in the variant with chisel moldboard plowing averaged 8.75 tha-1 during the research period, which is 18 % higher than in the control variant. Moreover, the cost of irrigation water for producing one ton of grain decreased by almost 20 %, and the coefficient of water consumption decreased by 17 %.

Rice is an essential crop for national food security in Egypt. Increasing the population calls for regular increases in rice production. At the same time, cultivated rice crop areas should be decreased because of the gradual scarcity of irrigation water. This means more rice production should be gained from less rice area. This situation calls for the annual accurate system for rice monitoring and yield estimation. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a remotely sensed based system for rice cultivation assessment using satellite imagery parallel with field measurements of some biophysical parameters. Multi-temporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) extracted from twelve sentinel-2 imagery cover the whole summer season with variance and maximum value assessed by ground control points (GCPs), were used to isolate uncultivated areas, then to isolate rice areas and other vegetation covers. object-based classification methods with kappa co-efficient 0.9261 and overall accuracy 94.92% was generated to discriminate rice crop area and other summer crops on the study area. Leaf area index (LAI) for the experiment the l site was calculated using the surface energy balance algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and then tested versus measured (LAI). NDVI and LAI were used to generate an empirical ran rice yield prediction model. Then, this model was used to produce rice to yield a map. The study was carried out in an experimental site in Kafr Elsheikh governorate with a total area of 5040 Hectare. Produced cultivated land use map showed 95% overall accuracy. High similarity was observed between measured and calculated (LAI) with high accuracy of R2 = 0.94. of Rice, yield map showed expected to yield more to than a month before harvest. The generated yield map was tested using a correlation coefficient between actual yield and estimated yield with high accuracy R2 = 0.9. This method is applicable to estimate the acreage and productivity of rice in the northern Nile delta in adequate time before harvest.

In arid and semi-arid regions, the water-use efficiency (WUE) is highly important for water administration and management. The water losses increased, when water application records low efficiency. The water losses maybe amplified, when the irrigation system ignores soil variability and water applied uniformly. Which means more water application, more energy demand, and more money expenses. The current investigation aims at using remotely sensed data and GIS Techniques for monitoring irrigation water consumption and its correlation with crop yield under the pivot irrigation system. El-Salhia region contains a big agricultural farm located at the South Eastern of Nile delta. The investigated field was irrigated under the pivot central sprinkler irrigation system which cultivated with the wheat crop. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) were calculated based on landsat data. The crop water stress index (CWSI) depends on the variance between the LST of the targets and their air temperature (Tair) to detect the relative moisture condition. The soil texture, organic matter, time-domain reflectometer (TDR), thermal infrared, leaf area index (LAI), and actual yield measurements were taken for 47 systematic samples during the wheat growing season of the year 2012/2013. Accordingly, the available water (AW) displayed relatively lower accuracy than the rest of the other parameters. The canopy temperature ( T c ), CWSI, field capacity (Fc), and LAI showed high accuracy to predict the wheat yield as shown from the statistical analysis. The WUE recorded 1.07 (kg/m 3 ) in the southeast boundary and gradient toward the northwest boundary with a rate of 2.2 (kg/m 3 ). The WUE distribution is comparable to soil parameters and measured yield circulation, which indicates high applicability with significant improvement in yield response.

Filed spectroscopy is a modern tool for studying crop characteristics. The main objective of the current study is to use field spectroradiometer ASD-4 to generate remotely sensed empirical chlorophyll content models to estimate Chl. (a,b and total chlorophyll) on Valencia orange under arid region and determine which spectral band on the spectrum recognize to chlorophyll content . The main input parameters of these models are spectral data either in the form of spectral reflectance data released from Field spectroradiometer ASD-4 in the form of spectral vegetation indices. The spectral bands ranged from 350 nm to 2500 nm to select the best band to recognize chlorophyll content. The four vegetation indices that are forms of ratios between red and near-infrared bands are (Chlorophyll Index Red Edge 710, Simple Ratio 695/760, Red-Edge Position Linear Interpolation and Normalized Difference NIR/Red). This aim was achieved by select field in wadi elmolak, Ismaeilia rejoin, Egypt, 42 samples were collected and produce Partial least Square model (PLS) between laboratory (Chl. a,b and carotein) contents and field spectroradiometer as well as PLS between field measurements of chl. using (CM-1000) and laboratory measurements in the study area. Many statistical procedures, including a principal component analysis (PCA), multiple linear regression model (MLR), PLS were used. Correlation co-efficient between actual and predicted between physiochemical chlorophyll a,b and total properties (Chlorophyll Index Red Edge 710, Simple Ratio 695/760, Red-Edge Position Linear Interpolation and Normalized Difference NIR/Red), CM-1000 and spectroscopy data of coefficient of determination (R2) were R2 = 0.912,0.727, 0.864 and 0.918 and 0.817 respectively. On thr other hand the selection band to determine the best wavelength to determine chlorophyll content was W- 504 with high accuracy R2 0.734. It is complemented that the VIS-NIR-SWIR spectroscopy study can be effectively tool for studied chlorophyll properties. Also, PLS is a good tool for detecting the relationships between spectral properties and Lab. Measurements

Today, the global food security is one of the most pressing issues for humanity, and, according to Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the increasing demand for food is likely to grow by 70% until 2050. In this current condition and future scenario, the agricultural production is a critical factor for global food security and for facing the food security challenge, with specific reference to many African countries, where a large quantities of rice are imported from other continents. According to FAO, to face the Africa’s inability to reach self-sufficiency in rice, it is urgent “to redress to stem the trend of over-reliance on imports and to satisfy the increasing demand for rice in areas where the potential of local production resources is exploited at very low levels” The present study was undertaken to design a new method for land evaluation based on soil quality indicators and remote sensing data, to assess and map soil suitability for rice crop. Results from the investigations, performed in some areas in the northern part of the Nile Delta, were compared with the most common approaches, two parametric (the square root, Storie methods) and two qualitative (ALES and MicrioLEIS) methods. From the qualitative point of view, the results showed that: (i) all the models provided partly similar outputs related to the soil quality assessments, so that the distinction using the crop productivity played an important role, and (ii) outputs from the soil suitability models were consistent with both the satellite Sentinel-2 Normalize Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) during the crop growth and the yield production. From the quantitative point of view, the comparison of the results from the diverse approaches well fit each other, and the model, herein proposed, provided the highest performance. As a whole, a significant increasing in R2 values was provided by the model herein proposed, with R2 equal to 0.92, followed by MicroLES, Storie, ALES and Root as R2 with value equal to 0.87, 0.86, 0.84 and 0.84, respectively, with increasing percentage in R2 equal to 5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed model illustrated that around (i) 44.44% of the total soils of the study area are highly suitable, (ii) 44% are moderately suitable, and (iii) approximately 11.56% are unsuitable for rice due to their adverse physical and chemical soil properties. The approach herein presented can be promptly re-applied in arid region and the quantitative results obtained can be used by decision makers and regional governments.

Introduction. According to the recommendations of Russian and international professional associations, treatment of germinomas can be initiated without histological verification of the diagnosis, since it can be based on biochemical tumor markers. However, patients with brain germinomas usually have normal levels of these markers; therefore, histological verification is required. Stereotactic biopsy and transcranial biopsy are sometimes associated with a risk of damage to crucial anatomical structures. Currently, both biopsy and total removal of sellar and parasellar tumors can be performed via endoscopic endonasal approach. The study objective is to demonstrate the possibility of using endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for biopsy and total removal of chiasmosellar germinomas. Materials and methods. Thirteen patients with primary chiasmosellar germinomas underwent endoscopic endonasal interventions in N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery between 2010 and 2017. The “Germinoma-2008” protocol was used in the subsequent treatment of these patients. The male to female ratio was 2.25 : 1; mean age was 21.1 years (6–38 years).Results. The surgery volume varied between biopsy (n = 4) and partial (n = 5) or complete (n = 4) tumor removal. The diagnosis was histologically verified in all patients. None of the patients developed liquorrhea and / or meningitis in the postoperative period, which suggests that the surgery was effective and safe. Conclusion. The endoscopic endonasal approach for histological verification of the diagnosis and removal of chiasmosellar germinomas is safe and effective.

Rice is an essential crop for national food security in Egypt. Increasing the population 10 calls for regular increases in rice production. At the same time, cultivated rice crop areas should be 11 decreased because of the gradual scarcity of irrigation water. This means more rice production 12 should be gained from less rice area. This situation calls for the annual accurate system for rice 13 monitoring and yield estimation. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a remotely sensed based system 14 for rice cultivation assessment using satellite imagery parallel with field measurements of some 15 biophysical parameters. Multi-temporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) extracted 16 from twelve sentinel-2 imagery cover the whole summer season with variance and maximum value 17 assessed by ground control points (GCPs), were used to isolate uncultivated areas, then to isolate 18 rice areas and other vegetation covers. object-based classification methods with kappa co-efficient 19 0.9261 and overall accuracy 94.92% was generated to discriminate rice crop area and other summer 20 crops on the study area. Leaf area index (LAI) for the experiment the l site was calculated using 21 the surface energy balance algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and then tested versus measured 22 (LAI). NDVI and LAI were used to generate empirical ran rice yield prediction model. Then, this 23 model was used to produce rice to yield a map. The study was carried out in an experimental site in 24 Kafr Elsheikh governorate with a total area of 5040 Hectare. Produced cultivated land use map 25 showed 95% overall accuracy. High similarity was observed between measured and calculated 26 (LAI) with high accuracy R2 = 0.94. of Rice, yield map showed expected yield more to than a month 27 before harvest. The generated yield map was tested using a correlation coefficient between actual 28 yield and estimated yield with high accuracy R2 = 0.9. This method is applicable to estimate 29 acreage and productivity of rice in the north Nile delta in adequate time before harvest. 30

The chemical-technogenic strategy of intensifying agriculture on irrigated lands based on the use of energy-rich wide-sprinkling machines with elements of irrigation technology inconsistent with agrotechnical requirements provoked the intensification of erosion processes. At the same time sprinkling as the most perfect method of irrigation prevails over the others, because it simulates natural processes of adding moisture to the soil. When raindrops affect the soil, the structure of soil aggregates destroys, particles release and microparticles are transported together with the raindrops being sprayed. To reduce the negative impact of the sprinkling process we designed the ejection nozzle, which can be used on drum-type irrigation systems with consoles (for example, DSHF 90 Agros, DSHF 110 Agros), on wide-reach machines with reduced pressure (for example, "Fregat-N", EDM "Kuban-L", "Kuban-LK"), on small-sized machines based on the units "Kuban", "Frigate". Sprinkling with a water-air mixture in comparison with nozzles without air ejection allows to reduce the size of the raindrop from 24 to 36 %, and to expand the area of capture by rain by 12 %. Modernization of sprinkling machines by ejection nozzles provides an increase in the effective irrigation coefficient to 0.75.

In the conditions of limited possibilities of traditional regulation of production processes in bioagrocenoses it is necessary to find ways to increase their potential yield due to excessive man-made resources such as sludge from recycled wastewater.Ecological technologies of waste-free production, including the sludge sediment utilization as bio-fertilizer on agricultural fields, are a very promising direction of stabilizing the degradation processes of reducing soil fertility as well as increasing the moisture capacity, which is especially important for arid regions of the world.With the growth of suburban settlements the problem of high-quality wastewater treatment of individual buildings and, accordingly, the ecological well-being of these areas has become so urgent that it requires the development and creation of modern compact bio-cleaning modules, which should provide deep destruction of biogenic elements and possibility of secondary use of man-made resources without restructuring existing septic tanks and periodically exporting wastewater.In particular, it is a possibility to use purified water for irrigation of household plots or other technical needs, and to use sludge as a biofertilizer enriched with macro-and microelements.Ecological technologies of waste-free production, including the utilization of sludge from biological stations on agricultural fields as a bio-fertilizer, are very promising ways of stabilizing the degradation processes of reducing soil fertility in addition to increasing their water-holding capacity.Studies on the impact of various doses of the bio-fertilizer on the water-physical properties and the degree of soil contamination, as well as on the quality and yield of potato tubers cultivated for seed in the arid climate of the Lower Volga region confirmed its high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

On a world-wide basis increasing of meat production, especially beef, improving of its quality and reducing of costs are of great economic importance, and therefore intensification of livestock industry through introduction of advanced technologies, organization of full feeding, creation of optimal conditions for animals' welfare, breeding of the most productive breeds of young cattle are important.Young cattle of various productivity areas in Russia are grown to different weight conditions with different technologies of keeping and battening and their live weight and carcass weight are evaluated according to the interstate standard GOST 34120-2017 according to 7 categories.In 2018 production of livestock and poultry for slaughter (live weight) in farms of all categories in Russia amounted to 9 million tons and increased by 3.7 % compared to the same period in 2017.According to the Russian State Statistics of Federal Agency the volume of industrial meat production amounted to 1 690.6 thousand tons for the period from January till August in 2018 (11.2 % more than at the same period in 2017).Agricultural organizations produced 626.1 thousand tons of meat for the period from January till August in 2018 (almost 8 % more than at the same period in 2017).In 2018 according to the data from the Russian Ministry of Agriculture the average price of agricultural producers for cattle (live weight) was 109.57thousand rubles per ton (w/o VAT), for half-carcass beef -209.25 thousand rubles per ton (w/o VAT), which are also higher compared to the data for 2017.Average consumer costs for beef -325.91 rubles per kg.In this work comparative assessment of average purchasing and consumer prices of live weight and carcasses of bulls and bullocks of various productivity areas was made, taking into account age of animals and technology of growing and battening by the category -super, prima, extra, excellent, good, satisfactory, low and evaluation of economic prospects for growing young stock to different weight conditions was given.

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the development and implementation of a quality management system at food enterprises. The process of implementing a quality management system at food industry enterprises in Russia is a whole complex of activities aimed at a full, deep and holistic analysis of the actual state, real opportunities and prospects for the company's development. The quality management system in many countries of the world allows to optimize the activities of the enterprise, tune in to prevent failures and inconsistencies and produce products that best meet the expectations and preferences of consumers. The introduction of QMS at enterprises is associated with a change in the modern economic model, which requires more demands of the products. In order to ensure that Russian products are competitive in the world market, it is necessary to fulfill the requirements of international standards in the field of food quality assurance. In the paper, the main harmonized (reduced to the unity with the world requirements) normative acts in the field of food quality assurance, applied in Russia, are analyzed. It was revealed that introduction of QMS will allow to identify, assess and manage risks at food enterprises on time, and also to increase their competitiveness. The author substantiates the necessity of introducing the system of quality and safety at food enterprises. It was revealed that the principles of the quality management system, oriented to the consumer, in accordance with GOST R ISO 10001-2009, will ensure the efficiency and progress of food enterprises.

The paper analyzes treatments for glioblastoma. The role of resurgery, reradiotherapy, and antitumor drug therapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma has been studied. Multicenter trials of the use of temozolamide and temozolomide in combination with bevacizumab have been reviewed. It has been shown that the use of bevacizumab to treat patients with glioblastoma makes it possible to increase survival and to improve quality of life.

INTRODUCTION: Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is confined to the CNS and/or the eyes at presentation and is usually initially treated with intravenous methotrexate-based chemotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). However, the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) can limit diffusion of methotrexate into brain and tumor and so very high doses of methotrexate are needed for intravenous treatment. With BBB disruption (BBBD), enhanced drug delivery to the tumor can be achieved. Both methods are well known and are using in different clinics in the World. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This report summarizes the single institutional (Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia) experience of 104 newly diagnosed patients with PCNSL treated with osmotic BBBD and intra-arterial (IA) methotrexate from 2000 to 2013. There were 57 female and 47 male at age from 25 to 75 (median 57,6 and 40,1% > or = 60). 51.3% had Karnofsky performance score (KPS) less than 70 at diagnosis. Diagnosis was verified by stereotactic biopsy (STB) in 76,7 % of cases and by tumor removing in 21,1% and by open biopsy in 2,2%. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 86.4% (63.8% complete; 21.6% partial). Median overall survival (OS) was 35 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 24 months, with 5-year PFS of 29,4%. In 20 of 104 patients ophthalmological signs of intraocular lymphoma were registered (19.2%). Procedures were generally well tolerated and there were no cases of technique associated deaths in our series. CONCLUSION: Our results of treating large series of PCNSL patients using BBBD/IA methotrexate-based chemotherapy confirmed successful and durable tumor control and outcomes that were reported early. BBBD/IA technique are comparable to other PCNSL treatment regimens.