Candidemia represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Mortality depends on the virulence and resistance profile of the organism. This study aimed to evaluate virulence factors in Candida species isolated from bloodstream infections and correlate them with antifungal resistance patterns and clinical outcomes. 100 Candida isolates from blood cultures were collected over one year. Virulence factors including hemolysin, phospholipase, and proteinase activities, along with biofilm formation, were assessed. Susceptibility to antifungal was assessed using the VITEK®2 system. Clinical data and outcomes were analysed in relation to virulence factors and resistance patterns. Non-albicans Candida species (NAC) predominated (90%) over C. albicans (10%). C. parapsilosis (32%) and C. tropicalis (30%) were the most common NAC species. Overall, hemolysin activity was detected in 79% of isolates, phospholipase in 51%, proteinase in 43%, and biofilm formation in 87%. C. auris and C. duobushaemulonii demonstrated the strongest virulence factor expression. Fluconazole resistance was observed in 22% of isolates, with C. auris showing 100% resistance. Isolates with stronger enzymatic activities and biofilm formation showed significantly higher antifungal resistance (P < 0.0001). The crude mortality rate was 27%, with significantly higher mortality in patients infected with resistant isolates and those expressing strong virulence factors (P < 0.05). NAC species have emerged as predominant causative agents of candidemia, demonstrating higher virulence factor expression and antifungal resistance compared to C. albicans. The correlation between virulence factors, antifungal resistance, and mortality highlights the importance of species-level identification and antifungal susceptibility testing for optimal management of candidemia.

Background and study aim: Serratia marcescens has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly causing ventilator-associated pneumonia and respiratory tract infections. This study conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of S. marcescens in respiratory samples from ICU patients and to describe the associated clinical characteristics.Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary-care super speciality hospital in New Delhi, over 6 months from January to July 2025. Two hundred respiratory samples (endotracheal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and sputum) from ICU patients were processed for bacterial culture. Automated systems were employed for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results: Out of 200 respiratory samples analyzed, S. marcescens was isolated from 19 samples (9.5%). The organism was most commonly isolated from endotracheal aspirates (63.2%) followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (26.3%). The isolates demonstrated high resistance to ampicillin (100%), cefazolin (94.7%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.2%). Carbapenem resistance was detected in 26.3% of isolates. Mortality rate in patients with S. marcescens respiratory infections was 31.6%.Conclusion: S. marcescens represents a significant cause of respiratory tract infections in ICU patients with concerning antimicrobial resistance rates. Implementation of stringent infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs is crucial for managing these infections.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The high prevalence of multi drug resistant and carbapenam resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)is a serious concern for patient management. The most common mechanism of carbapenamresistance is the presence of different types of carbapenamaseenzymes. The type of carbapenamase present affects the optimization of treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and characterize the genetic mechanisms associated with antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS:All clinical isolates of CRAB from ventilator associated pneumonia were included in this study. Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic data were collected, including clinical details, identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic detection of carbapenemase activity, biofilm formation assay, and molecular identification of carbapenemase genes like blaOXA-23,blaNDM-1,blaVIM-1 and AmpC. RESULT:The blaOXA-23-like gene was detected in 97 % (97/100) of CRAB isolates followed by AmpC (21/100,21 %), blaNDM-1(10/100,10 %) and blaVIM-1 in 6 % (6/100) of isolates. The mortality rate among MBL-positive patients was found to be 67 % (65/97). Furthermore, all Acinetobacter baumannii isolates exhibited biofilm-forming capacity, with varying degrees of biofilm production. CONCLUSION:There is high prevalence of carbapenamase enzymes in CRAB isolates. The high detection of blaOXA-23-like, AmpC, blaNDM-1, and blaVIM-1AmpC underscores the urgency to enforce infection control measures and optimize antimicrobial stewardship practices to prevent cross transmission of the organism. Further presence of biofilm formation in almost all the isolates reiterates the need for innovative strategies to combat persistent infections by this organism.

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumours, accounting for about 36% of central nervous system neoplasms. Arising from arachnoid cap cells, they are typically benign, slow-growing, and often found incidentally, though symptoms may occur from compression of nearby neural structures. We present a case of intracranial meningioma in a 25-year-old female with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) caused by Aspergillus terreus. The patient presented with holocranial headache, diminished right eye vision, and other neurological symptoms. Radiological investigations revealed a right temporal space-occupying lesion with characteristic features of meningioma. The patient underwent right temporal craniotomy with tumour decompression. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of meningioma. This case highlights the importance of considering meningioma in the differential diagnosis of CNS lesions, even in patients with concurrent fungal disease in other organ systems. Additionally, it draws attention to Aspergillus terreus as a causative agent of ABPA, which is relatively uncommon compared to Aspergillus fumigatus.

Background: Microbiological laboratories are critical for diagnostic testing and infectious disease surveillance. However, they are prone to microbial contamination, which can impact diagnostic accuracy and patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of bacterial contamination in a microbiological laboratory at a super-specialized hospital in Delhi and to develop effective contamination control strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to December 2022, involving the collection of 4000 surface swab samples from various laboratory areas. Samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar, incubated for 24 hours, and bacterial colonies were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Statistical analyses were performed to assess contamination levels and the effectiveness of cleaning protocols. Results: The culture positivity rate was 39%, with 1563 out of 4000 samples detected as positive for bacteria. Of these, 90.47% had multiple isolates, with the most common being aerobic spore-forming bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Laboratory workstations and incubators showed the highest contamination. Cleaning significantly reduced bacterial presence, with a p-value < 0.00001. Specific organisms isolated from different areas included ASB, Micrococcus, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The study highlights substantial bacterial contamination across laboratory surfaces, underscoring the need for stringent contamination control measures. Key recommendations include routine cleaning and disinfection, staff training on aseptic techniques, environmental monitoring, and strict adherence to sterilization and biosafety protocols. These measures are essential to maintain diagnostic accuracy and safeguard personnel against laboratory-acquired infections.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. The emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance poses a significant challenge to their management, given their frequent use as first-line therapy. Objectives: This retrospective study evaluates the prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogens isolated from patients at G.B. Pant Hospital, Delhi, over one year (January 2023 to December 2023). Methods: Urine samples collected from inpatients and outpatients with clinically suspected UTIs were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following CLSI guidelines 2023. Results: Among 1,243 uropathogens with significant growth, 872 isolates (70.2, 95 CI: 67.6-72.7) were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The most common pathogen showing fluoroquinolone-resistance was Escherichia coli (76.1, 95 CI: 73.1-78.9). Prior antibiotic use (adjusted OR: 1.70, 95 CI: 1.24-2.33, p0.001), diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR: 1.38, 95 CI: 1.03-1.86, p0.032) and recurrent UTIs (adjusted OR: 1.95, 95 CI: 1.43-2.66, pConclusion: Alternative agents including fosfomycin (91.4 susceptibility), nitrofurantoin (85.6), and carbapenems (92.3) demonstrated good activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Our findings highlight the growing resistance trends, providing insights into epidemiological and microbiological data to inform empiric therapy and antimicrobial stewardship policies.

Introduction: Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. Contamination during the collection, transport, or processing of blood culture samples can obscure the true pathogens with contaminant growth, thereby complicating or delaying the diagnosis of bacteremia. This study assesses the effectiveness of an educational intervention aimed at reducing blood culture contamination rates in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This single-center study, aimed at quality improvement, included two phases: an observational phase from December 2022 to February 2023, and an interventional phase from March to May 2023. During the interventional phase, healthcare workers underwent comprehensive training in aseptic blood sample collection techniques. The study involved 980 patients, with 470 blood samples collected during the observational phase (December 2022–February 2023) and 510 during the interventional phase (March–May 2023), all processed using standard microbiological techniques. Blood cultures yielding commensal organisms without corresponding clinical symptoms were classified as contaminants. Results: The contamination rate of blood cultures dropped from 12.1% (57/470) during the observational phase to 8.6% (44/510) post-intervention; however, this reduction was not statistically significant (P = 0.34, chi-square test). Contamination rates during the observational phase were highest in the ward at 16.2%, followed by 13% in the outpatient department, and lowest in the intensive care unit at 7.1%. The predominant contaminants identified were Staphylococcus hominis, followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus, highlighting common sources of contamination. Conclusion: Although the educational intervention did not yield a statistically significant decrease in blood culture contamination rates, the study underscores the need for multifaceted strategies, including enhanced training, environmental controls, and standardized protocols, to meet international benchmarks for contamination control.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose significant challenges in gastroenterology and gastrosurgery. This study aimed to compare infection characteristics between these two patient populations at a tertiary care center in India, focusing on gastro-specific samples. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 824 patients (412 each in gastroenterology and gastrosurgery) over 24 months at GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi. Infections were defined using CDC criteria. Microbiological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on gastro-specific samples. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Infection rates were significantly higher in gastrosurgery patients (18.4% vs. 7.5%, p<0.001). Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen in both groups (gastroenterology: 30.6%, gastrosurgery: 28.9%). Antimicrobial resistance was more prevalent in gastrosurgery isolates, with 48.7% ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae compared to 27.3% in gastroenterology. Independent risk factors for infection differed between groups, with proton pump inhibitor use significant in gastroenterology (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.5) and prolonged operative time in gastrosurgery (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.2). Conclusion: Significant differences in infection profiles between gastroenterology and gastrosurgery patients necessitate tailored prevention and treatment strategies.

Background and study aim: Burkholderia cepacia is known for causing severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. The bacteria's ability to form biofilms, secrete virulence factors, and resist multiple antibiotics exacerbates its pathogenicity. Despite the rising prevalence of B. cepacia infections in healthcare settings, particularly in critical care units, knowledge about its clinical profile, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and contamination sources in India remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, mortality rates, and potential sources of B. cepacia contamination in the critical care unit of G.B. Pant Hospital, Delhi. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2023. Blood samples from critically ill patients were cultured for B. cepacia identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Vitek 2 system. Environmental sampling (n=200) was performed to assess possible contamination sources. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and associations were tested with chi-square and multivariate analyses. Results: Twenty-five patients with B. cepacia infections were included, with a 60% male predominance and an average age of 58.4 years. Diabetes (44%) and hypertension (40%) were common comorbidities. Ciprofloxacin (88%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88%) were the most effective antibiotics. The mortality rate was 40%, with chronic liver disease and prolonged ICU stay significantly associated with poor outcomes. Environmental sampling failed to identify a specific contamination source. Conclusion: B. cepacia poses a significant risk in critical care settings, with high antibiotic resistance and mortality. Tailored antibiotic therapy and stringent infection control measures are critical for managing infections and improving outcomes.

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections are prevalent and have significant negative prognostic impacts on both individuals and the healthcare systems. This institutional observational study’s main objectives were to ascertain the prevalence of shunt infections and investigate the associated risk factors, identify microbiological pathogens, and asses antibiotic susceptibility patterns in treated patients. This single-centred prospective observational cohort analysis included patients undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgeries within three years. Patients were followed for atleast one year until reaching the primary endpoint of the shunt infection. The review and analysis of data on demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics were done in this study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and shunt tube samples from cases undergoing shunt revision were sent for culture examination to identify the bacterial pathogens and investigate the prevailing patterns of antibiotic susceptibility. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to investigate relationships among variables contributing to shunt infection. During the study period, 336 ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures were completed. Of those, 96 cases (28.57

Background and study aim: Carbapenem-resistant bacterial strains are usually resistant to common treatment options, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Beta-lactamase-mediated resistance is typically addressed by combining beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors. However, when in case of resistance due to metallo-beta-lactamases, a third antibiotic is introduced to restore effectiveness. A recent combination, ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and aztreonam (ATM) has shown promise. This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro susceptibility of CAZ-AVI and ATM using three methods: MIC determination using E-test (with strip stacking and strip cross techniques) and disk elution, to identify a reliable and practical method for laboratory use. Patients and Methods: In our study, 100 multidrug-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to CAZ-AVI and ATM, both individually and in combination, using the three testing methods. Results: Of the 100 isolates resistant to both CAZ-AVI and ATM, 61% were sensitive to the CAZ-AVI/ATM combination by the E-strip method, and 64% were sensitive using the disk elution method. The results from all three methods were comparable, confirming their utility in testing this combination. Conclusion: The current study highlighted the efficacy of the CAZ-AVI and ATM combination against multidrug-resistant organisms. The E-strip and disk elution methods were both effective for in-vitro testing. For isolates resistant to both CAZ-AVI and ATM individually, testing their combination is recommended to assess susceptibility.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections are life-threatening medical emergenciesrequiring rapid and accurate diagnosis. This prospective study compared the BioFireMeningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Panel with conventional diagnostics in suspected cases. Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective study at GB Pant Hospital from January toDecember 2024, enrolling 100 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of meningitis orencephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were simultaneously analysed using the BioFire MEPanel and conventional diagnostic methods (culture, Gram stain, cytology). Clinical data includingdemographics, risk factors, prior antimicrobial therapy, and outcomes were recorded. Results: The BioFire ME Panel detected pathogens in 7% (7/100) of cases, comprising Streptococcuspneumoniae (n=2), Haemophilus influenzae (n=1), Escherichia coli K1 (n=1), herpes simplex virus(n=2), and cytomegalovirus (n=1). In two culture-negative cases with prior antibiotic exposure, thepanel successfully identified bacterial pathogens despite negative Gram stain results. The paneldemonstrated excellent diagnostic performance (sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.9%, PPV 87.5%,NPV 100%) with a median time-to-result of 65 minutes versus 72 hours for conventional cultures.Implementation of the panel led to therapy modifications in 71.4% (5/7) of positive cases, includingde-escalation of empiric therapy in 3 cases and targeted antiviral initiation in 2 cases. Conclusion: The BioFire ME Panel demonstrates superior diagnostic utility in CNS infectiondiagnosis, particularly in culture-negative cases with prior antimicrobial exposure. Its rapidturnaround time facilitates prompt clinical decision-making and appropriate antimicrobialstewardship, suggesting significant value as a complementary diagnostic tool in the management ofsuspected meningitis and encephalitis

Background and objectives- Occult Hepatitis B Virus infection (OBI)is defined as a condition when HBsAg virus infection is undetectable in serum, despite the presence of HBV DNA in liver or blood. This study was done to screen for occult hepatitis B infection among patients with CLD (chronic liver disease) attending gastroenterology OPD of tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods- Observational Cross-sectional study conducted for period of one year.All patients with history of chronic liver disease were tested for HBsAg by ELISA. All HBsAg negative patients were tested for total antiHBc antibody by ELISA and HBV DNA by real time PCR. Results- Prevalence of OBI(confirmed OBI) is 2.96% with isolated anti HBc positivity (probable OBI)being 7.24% in this study. Prevalence of seropositive OBI was 1.93% and prevalence of seronegative OBI was 0.96%. Fair agreement was observed between Total antibody against core antigen by ELISA and RTPCR for the diagnosis of OBI(k value=0.354). Conclusion It is recommended that Total Anti HBc by ELISA may be used as a surrogate marker for diagnosis of OBI in HBsAg negative patients with CLD and for confirmation HBV DNA PCR should be done if molecular facility is available.

Background: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant strains, poses significant risks for healthcare-associated infections in surgical wards. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA nasal carriage among patients in cardiothoracic and neurosurgery units. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2025 in cardiothoracic and neurosurgery wards of a tertiary care hospital. Nasal swab samples were collected from 100 patients and processed for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using standard microbiological methods. Results: Among 100 nasal swab samples, 36 (36%) yielded Staphylococcus aureus growth, while 64 (64%) showed coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) or gram-negative bacteria. Of the 36 S. aureus isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed varying resistance patterns, with implications for infection control protocols in surgical settings. Conclusion: The study provides baseline data on S. aureus nasal carriage rates in high-risk surgical wards, emphasizing the need for targeted screening and decolonization protocols to prevent healthcare-associated infections

Fosfomycin has received attention in recent years as an alternative for management of infection by drug resistance bugs. However, method of Invitro Susceptibility methods for Fosfomycin is cumbersome and not being standardized for all organisms. The present study aims to compare the E strip Test & Disk Diffusion Test(DDT) for Fosfomycin susceptibility taking Agar dilution Test as the reference method. Statistical analysis was performed using 95% Condence Interval. ROC curve & Bland Altman analysis wasperformed too A total of 102 isolates obtained from urine & miscellaneous samples were tested by the three methods using standard guidelines .Most common organism was Eschrichia coli and overall MIC90 was 512µg/ml and MIC50 was 216µg/ml. In urinary isolates, Categorial Agreement for DDT was 43.9 % & 70.2 % for E strip. Essential Agreement for E strip was 28.4%. In non-urinary isolates,Categorial agreement for DDT was 52.8% & 75% for E strip,while Essential Agreement for E strip was 22.2%. Sensitivity & specicity were higher for E strip . Overall,E strip had lower error rates than DDT. In non-urinary isolates,there were no Major error & minor error for both the test methods. E strip had good correlation with Agar Dilution Test while DDT showed poor agreement

Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in cancer patients are associated with high morbidity and mortality. While common pathogens are well-studied, the role of saprophytic bacteria in BSIs among this population is less understood. To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of saprophytic pathogens causing BSIs in cancer patients at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all 200 consecutive adult cancer patients with suspected sepsis over four months. Blood cultures were processed on an automated BACTEC system. Subculture and identification were performed using standard microbiological techniques and the Vitek 2 system. Antimicrobial sensitivity was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Results: The blood culture positivity in these patients was 79% (158/200). Of the 158 positive blood cultures, 10.1% (16/158) were saprophytic pathogens. These included Enterococcus avium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Actinomyces meyeri, Kodamaea ohmeri, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Aeromonas hydrophila, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pantoea dispersa, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The overall 30-day mortality rate for patients with saprophytic pathogen BSIs was 20%. Conclusion: Saprophytic bacteria have gained recognition as possible human pathogens, especially in immunocompromised patients including cancer patients. Such high-risk patients should be put on empiric antibiotics to improve patient outcomes till the time clinical significance is established.

Fungal infections of cranial bone flaps are rare but potentially life-threatening complications in immunocompromised patients undergoing neurosurgery. Aspergillus niger, though less common than other Aspergillus species in clinical settings, can cause severe opportunistic infections. We report a case of a 60-year-old immunocompromised female who developed an Aspergillus niger (A. niger) infection of the cranial bone flap three months after pterional craniotomy for aneurysm clipping. The patient presented with a chronic discharging sinus at the surgical site. Diagnostic imaging revealed an epidural collection, and microbiological examination confirmed A. niger infection. Treatment involved surgical debridement with bone flap removal and long-term voriconazole therapy. The patient showed clinical improvement over 4-5 weeks and remained infection-free at 12-month follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering fungal pathogens in delayed post-neurosurgical infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management with combined surgical and antifungal therapy are crucial for favourable outcomes.

ABSTRACT Background Skills laboratory training for procedural skills has gained a lot of significance in recent years. An instructional approach that is becoming increasingly prevalent in medical education is Peyton’s four-step approach which demonstrates benefit of peer learning under supervision of teachers. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the effect of application of Peyton’s four-step approach versus traditional learning on medical students’ performance. Objectives To compare the effectiveness of training effect of application of Peyton’s four-step approach versus traditional learning on medical students’ performance to measure blood pressure, and in performing hand washing procedures. As well as to assess and compare student self-satisfaction level and confidence level. Methodology The present prospective intervention study was carried out among 50 Medical students of Phase I MBBS by 4 faculty members with approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. [Group A (intervention Group) and B (Control Group)], 25 students in each group were selected by using randomization. For the control group; the blood pressure measurement procedure and washing techniques were explained using the two-stage approach “see one, do one” and for the study group; each subgroup was trained to perform blood pressure measurement procedure and washing techniques using “Peyton’s four-step approach. A common scoring checklist for outcome evaluation was prepared to evaluate the student’s skills following the training session to avoid discrepancies in scoring among the faculties. Results It was found that in the control group 52% students were able to measure blood pressure and in study group 88% of students were able to do following skill sessions and in the control group 48% students were able to wash hands as per required protocol and in study group 96% of students were able to do following skill sessions. Regarding Students self-confidence and satisfaction levels, 24% were highly satisfied and confident in the control group as compared to 88% students among study group and a statistical difference was noted in confidence level in between two groups. Regarding the average and very good effectiveness of training, a statistical difference was found between control and study group. Conclusions Students who learnt through using Peyton’s four–step approach showed rapid learning, more confidence and exhibited higher competency in performing blood measurement procedure and hand washing techniques than those who learned through traditional method.

Objectives: Providing safe drinking water is essential for maintaining healthcare quality. The presence of biofilms in the water supply protects the organism from the antimicrobial effects of disinfectants leading to the formation of the MDR pathogen pool. Therefore, this study was taken up to determine the prevalence of biofilm formation in the bacteria isolated from the water system of a tertiary health care setup and study the effect of disinfectants on biofilms. Methods: Thirty-four drinking water samples were collected in sterile glass stopper bottles and transported to the lab. Standard bacteriological procedures identified isolates. Biofilm detection was carried out by the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. The effect of disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite) at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %) on biofilm-producing organism were studied for 30 minutes and analyzed. Results: The culture positivity was 76.4% (26/34). Twenty samples showed monomicrobial growth, while only six samples showed polymicrobial growth of organisms. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm production was seen more in polymicrobial organisms, 91.66 % (11/12). A high level of resistance to chlorine compounds was seen in biofilm-producing microorganisms, especially those that produced robust biofilms. Conclusion: Resistance of biofilms against high levels of chlorine has implications for the delivery of safe drinking water. Drug resistance was seen in these organisms, which can be transmitted from drinking water sources to humans. Therefore, it is recommended that biofilm production should be evaluated in drinking water samples regularly..J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):17-24.