In today's culture the growing technology is promoting a lot of products and events in a very positive way. Technology usage in current generation has taken a new step in reaching great heights. But when a technology brings in so much positiveness it also has its own negative usage and one among them is the fake reviews. Fake reviews are weakening the actual worth of the product. To be more specific, the reviews can be divided into two categories: legitimate fake reviews and reviews written intentionally to decapitate the product or brand value. On the other hand, the machine learning algorithms are extensively used. The incorporation of machine learning techniques into the classification of the reviews is considered as an excellent combination. In this work, various datasets from different industries such as airline industry, movie industry and food industry are considered and fake reviews are classified using various algorithms including K-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Decision tree, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression from Machine learning. There are reviews which can be decoded using the sentiment analysis from Natural Language Programming. Sentiment analysis is used to find the emotion in a text. The accuracy parameter result is analyzed for all the implemented models. The results demonstrate support vector machine technique giving high accuracy compared to other machine learning classification techniques.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared as major threat to human beings across worldwide concern This outbreak is standing as a public health emergency problem in front of Research and Development (R and D) The bibliometric evaluation assists to quantitatively explore the scientific works and redirection of research trends on COVID-19 To support the R and D activities, various reputed publishers have already made the scientific literature related to coronavirus (CoV) as open access to all researchers The main objective in this article is out to extract the most productive authors, corresponding author 's country, total citations per country, relevant sources, growth of publication citations, and frequent author keyword occurrence on CoV research Alternate abstract:The bibliometric study has covered the scientific research trends on novel coronavirus from January to June 2020 using Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Dimensions database The searching strategies and dataset pre-processing tasks have also been performed to improve the quality of the dataset We have used the bibliometrix R-package and VOS viewer as bibliometric analysis tools We have a bibliometric evaluation of the 18,270 documents that met our inclusion criteria China has contributed to a large number of research publications and BMJ-British Medical Journal gained as most relevant source on CoV

In this paper a switched capacitor based multilevel inverter (SC-MLI) is presented which can generate 17 voltage levels. It uses a dc voltage source, while restraining the peak inverse voltage (PIV) of all the circuit components (switches and diodes) within the input dc source voltage. This reduction in the PIV of switches and diodes ensures the use of lower rated power devices in the proposed SC-...

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the effect of topical testosterone on penile length, preputial hood, vascularity of dartos pedicle in patients with distal hypospadias. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 patients patients with distal hypospadias were included in this study. All were randomly allocated to 2 groups before surgical correction. Group 1 did not receive any treatment and group 2 received 1% testosterone propionate ointment twice daily for 30 days before surgery. Increase in penile length, transverse preputial diameter, and diameter at the base of penis were noted. Results: Following topical testosterone application, the mean increase in penile length, transverse preputial width and diameter at the base of penis was 1.01 ± 0.25 cm, 1.250 ± 0.52 cm and 0.61 ± 0.35 cm, respectively. Conclusion: Testosterone increased phallus size, diameter and prepuce hypertrophy without any adverse effects.

Most of the scientometric indicators use only the total number of citations of an article and produce a single number for scientific assessment of scholars. Although this concept is very simple to compute, it fails to show the scientific productivity and impact of scholars during a time-span or in a year. To overcome this, several time series indicators have been proposed that consider the citations from the entire research career of a scholar. However, these indicators fail to give a comparative assessment of two scholars having same or very similar index value. To overcome this shortcoming, h-index sequence was proposed to assess the impact of scholars during a particular time-span and to compare multiple scholars at a similar stage in their careers. The h-index sequence is based on the h-index formulation. One of the main issues related to the h-index is that it completely ignores the excess citation in scientific assessment; h-index sequence also exhibits a similar behaviour. To overcome these limitations, in this article, we have discussed the EM and $EM^{'}$-index sequence, and performed an empirical study based on yearly citation count earned from all publications of 89 scholars' publication data. The element of the EM and $EM^{'}$-index sequence for a given year shows the impact of a scholar for that year. We conclude that the EM and $EM^{'}$-index sequence could be used as an alternative metrics to asses the impact of scholars.

The rapidly changing lifestyle of the people in the modern era has led to a significant increase in their health issues. This busy lifestyle can delay the diagnosis of the disease which may at time be able to prove fatal. Breast cancer is one of the most prominent causes of deaths among women. However, the recent advancements in the technology have been proved to provide promising solutions to address this issue. The application of intelligent techniques can help in diagnosing breast cancer in early stages thereby reducing the chances of fatality. This has motivated several researchers to apply machine learning methods for the detection of breast cancer and as such it has become the locus of most of the ongoing research in recent times. The work presented in this paper aims to analyse the performance of multiple machine learning classifiers in detecting breast cancer. The obtained results clearly indicate the efficacy of linear support vector classifier and gradient boosting over other classifiers. The findings of this research can be further utilized for developing more efficient ensemble models as well as optimizing the performance of existing models thereby increasing their prediction accuracy.

OBJECTIVES: Urethroplasty can be done by placing buccal mucosal graft (BMG) ventrally, dorsally or dorsolaterally. The objectives of our study were to compare the success rate between dosal bmg and dorsolateral BMG in the management of urethral stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study of total 88 patients with stricture of anterior urethra over a 2 year period. Out of 88 patients 30 were treated with dorsolateral onlay BMG urethroplasty and 58 patients were treated with dorsal BMG urethroplasty. RESULTS: The etiology of stricture was lichen sclerosus in 39.8%. Panurethral strictures were more common. The mean length of stricture was 9.31 ± 2.46 cm. 20% had minor complications at surgical site. During the followup of months success rate was 93.94% in bulbar strictures, 97.83% in penile strictures, and 84.21% in panurethral strictures. CONCLUSION: When compared to dosral onlay BMG urethroplasty, Dorsolateral onlay BMG urethroplasty avoids the extensive circumferential mobilization of the urethra and preserves vascular, muscular and neurogenic support. The morbidity and complications are low and outcomes are excellent. Dorsal inlay (Asopa Technique) is easy to carry out, provide shorter operative time and less blood loss. Urethal dissection and rotation is not required, so blood supply is not affected.

This paper emphasizes the failure analysis of comb of a sheep hair shearing device developed by IIT Delhi. This device is under development to provide a mechanized way to cut woollen fleece of the sheep to minimize the drudgery faced by shearers. After few trails of the device in the field, comb broke. Our purpose was to find the type and cause of the failure on the failed comb so that the quality of the product could be improved. To get the objective done, visual inspection and metallographic study were performed. For metallographic study, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDS or EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) were used. To avoid this failure, some corrections in the manufacturing process are suggested in this paper.

BACKGROUND In patients with submucous fibrosis, free skin graft, penile foreskin and Wolfe graft are useful alternatives. In patients with history of circumcision and with recurrent episodes of balanoposthitis, we used perineal skin as urethral substitute. This study is unique with regard to flap design and simplicity of the technique. It can be done under regional anaesthesia and is a less morbid procedure. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients treated for bulbar urethral strictures using pedicled perineal flap through a perineal incision. We evaluated the feasibility, reproducibility and results of this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report an observational, descriptive, retrospective analysis of 40 consecutive male patients evaluated and treated for bulbar urethral stricture disease using pedicled perineal skin flap. Parameters analysed were age, site and length of stricture, peroperative findings, post-op findings of calibration and complications encountered. RESULTS Mean age of patient was 32.5 years. Mean follow-up was 42 months. Mean stricture length was 4.2 cm (2 to 7 cm). Flow rate increased from average of 4 mL/second (2-7 mL/sec) to 16 mL/sec (14-22 mL/sec). Of the 40 patients, treatment was successful in 31 (77.5%) and it failed in 9 (22.5%). CONCLUSION Perineal skin is a useful alternative in patients with bulbar urethral stricture and having history of circumcision and having oral submucous fibrosis due to tobacco chewing. Our technique is unique due to its simplicity and ease. It can be done under regional anaesthesia. It stands as yet another option in patients with unhealthy buccal mucosa.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the conventional Formol Gel Slide Test (FGST) vis-avis Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) in diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle.In all, 51 adult Holstein-Friesian cattle were categorised in three groups i.e T. evansi positive symptomatic, parasite negative symptomatic and apparently healthy from 12 animal sheds at Guwahati, Assam.The FGST was performed with some modifications and results obtained were compared with blood smear findings and ELISA.The serum samples obtained from symptomatic cattle with or without detectable parasite in blood were found positive in the FGST as evidenced by immediate gellification and opacity development akin to white of a boiled egg.When compared to ELISA, the sera from clinical cases with high antibody titre (OD value >0.736) were found positive in FGST, while those from asymptomatic cattle with lower antibody titre, (OD value < 0.736) were all negative in the test.Thus the detection performance of blood microscopy, FGST and ELISA were found to be 3.92%, 5.88% and 17.64 % respectively.The study also suggests that ELISA as usual is more sensitive and suitable for screening of cattle herds during epidemiological investigation.However, the study revealed FGST to be a suitable, simple to perform and low cost screening test for field diagnosis of surra in clinically suspected cattle.

A Sheep Hair Shearing Machine is used to cut the woolen fleece of the sheep. In India, this is usually carried out by manual scissors. There are some foreign industries which manufacture motorized sheep hair shearing machines. These machines are imported and used in India. IIT Delhi has developed an indigenous handpiece, including comb and cutter, as an alternative to the costly imported device in 2008 and presently the complete machine is being developed indigenously at mass production level. The machine consists of comb, cutter, handpiece, motor, flexible drive, motor, grinder, etc. The rotational input is provided to the crankshaft of the machine by a flexible shaft connected to the electric motor which converts the rotary motion to the reciprocating one. This relative motion between the comb and cutter causes the shearing action of hair. This paper presents the various manufacturing processes adopted for different parts of the machine. Since the combs and cutters are the most critical parts and are susceptible to frequent wear, hence, heat treatment to these components is also discussed. In addition to the manufacturing processes, this paper also summarizes the results of the field trials recorded during the actual shearing of sheep hair.

Inconel alloy 617 was used in the present research because of its high strength and oxidation resistance in a wide range of temperatures. In this investigation, full-penetration welding of 1.5-mm-thin Inconel 617 plates in a butt configuration was carried out with a fibre laser welding machine of 400 W. The influence of different welding conditions, such as welding speed, welding power on the heat-affected zone morphology, metallurgy and mechanical properties has been discussed in detail in this study. Microstructures have been assessed by optical microscope and by field emission scanning electron microscope. On the other hand, mechanical behaviour has been analysed in terms of Vickers microhardness and compared with specimens of base materials under different welding conditions. Tensile test has been conducted on standard welded specimen and its tensile strength along with percentage elongation has been analysed and compared with base metal specimen. Surface topography at the fractured region of the specimen has also been studied. EDAX analysis has been done at different regions of the welded samples to study the chemical composition at various regions of the welded samples. During the investigation, XRD analysis was carried out at different positions (2θ°) to analyse the crystallographic structure and to get the maximum intensity of the compound matrix at different positions. During the microhardness test, hardness of the base metal was found to be lower in comparison with the fusion zone due to rapid cooling.

The solar photovoltaic (PV) cell converts solar energy into electricity with a relatively low efficiency which is < 15%. More than 80% of the absorbed solar energy is dumped into the surroundings as heat after photovoltaic conversion. The operating temperature of the photovolatic module should be maintained as low as possible to improve the efficiency. This research work proposes recycle water-cooled solar photovoltaic system design by using a mono-crystalline and amorphous silicon PV module as solar absorber. Recycle water cooling of a normal amorphous and crystalline PV module configured as water base solar PV system by forced flow is studied. The energy and exergy performance of the PV module has been experimentally determined at 3.5 l/min ( 210 l/h) mass flow rate. The experimental result shows that the water-cooled solar PV module has got better performance than the PV module without cooling. Around 4.5% of amorphous and 3.2% of monocrystalline module energy efficiency improved on cooling along with 6.5% of amorphous and 5% of mono-crystalline module exergy efficiency improvement with respect to without cooling/normal solar PV module.

The objective of the research is to minimize the amount of water and electrical energy needed for cooling of the solar panels, especially in hot arid environment. A cooling system has been developed based on water spraying of PV panels. A mathematical model has been used to determine when to start cooling of the PV panels as the temperature of the panels reaches the maximum allowable temperature (MAT). Both models, the heating rate model and the cooling rate model, are validated experimentally. Based on the heating and cooling rate models, it is found that the PV panels yield the highest output energy if cooling of the panels starts when the temperature of the PV panels reaches a maximum allowable temperature (MAT). This research work proposes PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC) water base cooling system design by using a mono-crystalline and amorphous silicon PV module as solar absorber. Water cooling of a commercial PV module configured as water cooled solar PV system by forced flow is studied. The energy and exergy performance of the water cooled solar PV system has been experimentally determined approx. at constant mass flow rates. The experimental result shows that the water cooled solar PV system has got better performance than the simple PV.

Inconel alloy 617 is used during the research, because it has high strength and oxidation resistance in a wide range of temperatures. It is used in combustion cans, transition liners in both aircraft and land-based gas turbines and medical engineering. Because of its resistance to high-temperature corrosion, the alloy is used for catalyst-grid. Inconel alloy 617 also offers attractive properties of components of power-generating plants, both fossils fuelled plants and nuclear power plants. In the present research, full penetration welding of 1.5 mm thick Inconel 617 plates in a butt configuration was performed by adopting a fiber laser welding machine. The influence of different welding conditions like welding speed, welding power on the heat affected zone (HAZ) morphology, metallurgy and mechanical properties was discussed in detail. Microstructures were assessed by optical microscope and by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), while the mechanical behaviour was analysed in terms of Vickers micro-hardness is compared with different welding conditions specimen and base material. Microstructure at different welding parameters was inspected by FESEM. Hardness of the base metal is lower in comparison to the fusion zone due to rapid cooling.