The p-n heterojunction MoS2/TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) photoelectrode fabricated electrochemically offers enormous opportunities in the fabrication of optoelectronics devices. The structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical characterization provide valuable insights into the application of these heterojunctions for efficient PEC hydrogen generation. In this article, we achieved a direct bandgap and p-type conductivity using a few-layer MoS2 and sulphurization technique respectively. The energy band gap was confirmed by UV-vis DRS spectra, and the Mott-Schottky plot affirms the p-type conductivity of sulphurised MoS2. The significant change observed in the water contact angle before and after sulphurization treatment underlines the noteworthy variation in the surface affinity. The critical change in water affinity not only highlights the efficacy of the treatment but also emphasizes its pivotal role in enhancing the activation sites essential for optimal performance. An optimized MoS2/TNT achieved an impressive STH efficiency. The presence of MoS2 improves the extended light absorption and electrocatalytic activity, which is also responsible for the fast transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. In addition, type-II band alignment between MoS2 and TNT induces a solid built-in electric field for efficient electron-hole separation. Thus, the synthesized MoS2/TNT can be a potential photoelectrode for efficient PEC hydrogen generation.

Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) deposited Copper (Cu) doped TiO2 2 nanotube hybrid photoanode (CdS/Cu-TNT) is developed via electrochemical anodization and subsequent electrochemical deposition for efficient green hydrogen production. Cu-doping of TiO2 2 Nanotube (TNT) is achieved in one-step anodization, which is more energy efficient than conventional arc melting. Results indicate that CdS/Cu-TNT photoanodes increased carrier density by 9 times and achieved a low bandgap of 2.46 eV which enhancing their suitability as photoanodes. Particle size distribution analysis has shown that Cu doping causes thicker nanotube walls with decreased surface area. CdS is coated over the Cu-doped TNT to enhance the photoelectrochemical properties further. The photocurrent of CdS-deposited TNT is 7.8 times higher than bare TNTs. Raman Spectral Mapping indicates the uniformity of CdS deposition and Cu doping. Photostability experiments reveal excellent performance and switching characteristics for Cu-doped, CdS-deposited, and CdS/Cu-TNT hybrid samples. The hybrid electrode with larger diameter nanotubes shows a 52.39% increase in the Fill Factor of photocurrent response for CdS/CuTNT. Moreover, hydrogen production is significantly enhanced, with CdS/TNT demonstrating a 3.8-fold increase and CdS/Cu-TNT demonstrating a 4.1-fold increase. This research highlights the potential of Cu doping in TiO2 2 nanotubes for hydrogen generation, offering improvements over the limitations of TiO2 2 as a photoanode.

Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) deposited Copper (Cu) doped TiO2 nanotube hybrid photoanode (CdS/Cu-TNT) is developed via electrochemical anodization and subsequent electrochemical deposition for efficient green hydrogen production. Cu-doping of TiO2 Nanotube (TNT) is achieved in one-step anodization, which is more energy efficient than conventional arc melting. Results indicate that CdS/Cu-TNT photoanodes increased carrier density by 9 times and achieved a low bandgap of 2.46 eV which enhancing their suitability as photoanodes. Particle size distribution analysis has shown that Cu doping causes thicker nanotube walls with decreased surface area. CdS is coated over the Cu-doped TNT to enhance the photoelectrochemical properties further. The photocurrent of CdS-deposited TNT is 7.8 times higher than bare TNTs. Raman Spectral Mapping indicates the uniformity of CdS deposition and Cu doping. Photostability experiments reveal excellent performance and switching characteristics for Cu-doped, CdS-deposited, and CdS/Cu-TNT hybrid samples. The hybrid electrode with larger diameter nanotubes shows a 52.39% increase in the Fill Factor of photocurrent response for CdS/Cu-TNT. Moreover, hydrogen production is significantly enhanced, with CdS/TNT demonstrating a 3.8-fold increase and CdS/Cu-TNT demonstrating a 4.1-fold increase. This research highlights the potential of Cu doping in TiO2 nanotubes for hydrogen generation, offering improvements over the limitations of TiO2 as a photoanode.

This paper involves developing a full-stack IoT application with a cloud server. The project encompasses defining the project scope, selecting suitable hardware, developing firmware/software for IoT devices, setting up a cloud server with IoT services, configuring data ingestion and storage, building a backend application for data processing, creating a frontend UI/dashboard, establishing bidirectional communication, conducting testing, deploying the applications, and implementing continuous monitoring and optimization. By following these steps, the project aims to create a comprehensive IoT solution that collects, analyzes, and visualizes data from connected devices, enabling remote monitoring and control.

Systems are evolving into systems with variable power consumption at every level, from consumer electronics to electrical grids.

This review suggests an alternative quantitative framework for developing and establishing the relationship between doping and photoelectrochemical energy conversion in TiO2 based devices.

Ever since electricity was discovered, one of the major tasks the scientific community has faced is to store it.

These days, for every half seconds a cyber-attack is happening in this world. Most of them are hard to manage and mitigate by having appropriate cyber security measures. This article reports how cyber threat intelligence (CTI) can prevent an attack before it strikes, rather than researching about how to repair the damage caused by it. cyber threat intelligence in general refers to information that is collected from an open source or in an organization which mainly focuses on internal threat feeds such as antivirus and system logs. By gathering information about harmful threats earlier to an attack, organizations can develop enhanced CTI and thus protection of their infrastructure is possible. In addition, open threat exchange alien vault provides rich information about the threat data feeds which covers the day-to-day threats information is also considered. Here, an application programming interface is designed which fetches the relevant information from the open source The implementation of application programming interface and threat intelligence in Snort shall provide a greater security to our network and organization. The proposed work will keep organizations secure from the future threats as well.

Agriculture is the backbone of India as it plays a major role in Employment and Economy. One of the main reasons for loss in Agriculture is poor selection of crops that are to be grown. Most of the farmers are also not aware of requirements of soil like Nutrients, Minerals, Moisture content and others. This causes mental and financial stress to farmers. Other Major problem that a farmer faces is the disease and pest that affects the plant, which are aware only in later stages. To get better of this scenario, a model is suggested which recommends the most suitable crop by considering parameters like weather and soil based on live location. Along with this another model is constructed to predict the disease and suggest pesticides for that disease.

In this work, a heterostructure CdS/TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) photoelectrode is decorated with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance hydrogen generation via the photoelectrochemical method. Herein, we report a systematic study of the effect of Ni NPs heterostructure photoelectrode to improve light absorption and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. The fabricated photoelectrodes were evaluated for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation under simulated sunlight. The optimized Ni/CdS/TNT photoelectrode exhibited an improved photocurrent density of 6.5 mA cm(-2) in poly-sulfide aqueous media at a low potential of 0 V. Owing to the enhanced photocurrent density, Ni NPs also played a significant role in improving the stability of the photoelectrode. The synergistic effect with semiconductor ternary junction incites the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for light harvesting to enhance photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. (c) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The autonomous pole line fault recognition system intends to detect, recognize, and locate faults triggered by natural disasters in the power distributing pole lines. This study focuses on the power line segment that links the transformer and consumers. As the faults will have a direct impact on customers, they must be identified and corrected at the earliest. This action can be accomplished by installing the individual units, which consist of a series of current and voltagebased sensors at the strategic spots along the power line. By u sing sensor data, the system determines whether or not a fault exists on the line. This paper put an end to the traditional method of climbing and detecting the pole line faults present in the Electricity poles. It aids the field electricians with a handheld device to monitor the faults occurring in the pole lines. The transmitter part will be fitted at the pole lines and continuous monitoring will be carried out. If there any faults encountered it will be sent to the nearby Electricity board office using IoT technology. The lineman comes to the desired location and uses the LoRa handheld device to detect the exact pole line in which fault has occurred and also it will ensure their safety for climbing up.

A stoichiometrically stable CdS/TiO2 heterostructured electrode was developed via electrodeposition for efficient photoelectrochemical conversion.

This chapter explored the recent, state-of-the-art research on TiO2-based nanomaterials for energy harvesting and storage. The chapter is organized as follows: at first this chapter provides an introduction to TiO2 nanomaterials in energy harvesting applications followed by introduction to storage applications in the next section. Then, a detailed summary of energy storage applications using TiO2-based nanomaterials as supercapacitor is presented with primary focus on nanostructures of TiO2 and its polymorphs. The next section is focused on analysis and summary of polymorphs of TiO2 and its nanostructures in batteries. The hydrogen storage and other forms of energy storage using TiO2 nanomaterials are discussed in the following two sections. Finally it concludes with an overall summary of the chapter. Future perspectives and research scenario in TiO2 nanomaterials is also elaborated.

The consumption rate of fossil fuels increases promptly with the rapid deterioration of mineral resources. The associated pollution problem has led the researcher's attention to the development of experimental and simulation -based different renewable energy models. However, hybrid renewable energy sources are more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective than single renewable energy sources. For unbound localities where typical electrifications are difficult to reach, a selfsustainable PV-wind hybrid system imparts a viable solution. Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered for this proposed hybridization of the energy source model. This project has been developed for a standalone PV-wind hybrid generation system by considering different environmental conditions on MATLAB/Simulink software. The design of both WECS and PV systems is based on mathematical expressions developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The wind turbine so called the heart of WECS consist of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a rectifier for providing DC power to the load. The unregulated DC power output procured from a PV system, further regulated by a boost converter which is integrated with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT). WECS and solar PV subsystems are imparted energy to the same DC bus where the total energy is utilized for the common DC load. The presented unique performance analysis will help the researchers to explore the PV-wind hybrid generation system for further improvements.

Semiconductor Quantum Dots have unique properties, such as the quantum size effect that provide the breakthrough in optoelectronic devices. The small effective mass of electron and hole open-up an avenue of wide bandgap tunability in InAs Quantum Dots (QDs), making them an attractive material for solar cell application. Therein, 4x4 Luttinger Kohn Hamiltonian method is used to calculate the absorption co-efficient of epitaxially grown InAs QDs. Further, we studied the size-dependent absorption co-efficient and the barrier material model of InAs QDs capping with InP and GaAs. Our theoretical simulation predicts the efficiency of InAs/GaAs and InAs/InP system in the intrinsic layer of p-i-n structure solar cells.

In this study, the effect of imbibition-induced electrolyte wettability over charge carrier density and hence the increase in electric double layer is investigated for morphology-controlled TiO2 nanotube arrays. The nanotube morphology brings in good control over change in surface energy that induces electrolyte wettability. Electrolytes of HCl, KCl, and NaCl were utilized to determine surface energy, surface wettability, and electrochemical studies. The percentage of electrolyte imbibition inside nanopores varies in the order of HCl > KCl > NaCl. The double-layer formation is higher for highly wettable surfaces and is dependent on the percentage of electrolyte imbibition inside nanotube pores. From the observations, it is deduced that the storage performance of nanotube electrodes can be markedly increased by enhancing the molar conductivity and ionic mobility of electrolyte. An areal capacitance of 14.9 mF/cm2 is observed for HCl electrolyte-based supercapacitor. In addition, the cationic radius of electrolyte influences the stability of electrode with a capacitance retention of 87%.

The development and research of solar cells have been driven by quickly increasing energy consumption and carbon emissions from fossil fuel-based energy sources. Specifically, one-dimensional nanostructures such as ZnO nanorod with direct paths for charge transport is efficient for solar cell application. It is considered as a promising semiconductor material for solar cell application. ZnO nanorods have application in organic and inorganic solar cells. The performance of solar cells depends on the structure of the nanorod. Hence, In this report, Various growth method was attempted for ZnO-nanorod synthesis and analyzed. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO2)3.6H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) (C6H12N4) were the common precursors used in the different Electrodeposition deposition processes. During the deposition, it was found that the growth rate depends on time, temperature, and concentration. In the end, the prepared nanorod was utilized in DSSC and the maximum current density attained was around 0.36 mA/cm 2 with an open-circuit voltage of 0.53V. Finally, the performance of DSSC using ZnO nanorod was measured by AAA solar simulator at an intensity of 100mW/cm 2 . Forty-four percent enhancement is observed in photocurrent by changing the dye loading time from 8 hours to 12 hours.

Experimental studies are shown to have higher enhancement in critical heat flux (CHF) with a nanoporous surface. Understanding the mechanism of CHF is the key to enhance heat transfer through boiling. In general, the classical theories account some aspects of surface, liquid, and interfacial properties and boiling phenomena. In this study, the experimental observations on pool boiling heat transfer are compared with the standard theoretical models. The porous nanotube surface enabled capillary wicking (wicking length, similar to 0.4 mm) that induced faster dry-spot rewetting. The post-treatment of the nanotube surface with stearic acid resulted with hydrophobicity due to alkyl chain adherence to the nanotube pores. The loss of superhydrophilicity increases thermal resistance for pool boiling. Hence, the nanoporous superhydrophilic surface enabled a higher CHF (119 W/cm(2)) of 36% than that of the low-surface-energy hydrophobic surface (91 W/cm(2)). The experimental results observed here follow the trend of the Liaw and Dhir model accounting surface wettability as the governing factor.

Non-wetting surfaces are of great importance due to its wider applicability in self-cleaning, condensation heat transfer, water collection, anti-frosting etc. In this regard, lotus leaf inspired superhydrophobic surfaces gained large interest towards fabrication of micro/nanostructured surfaces. However, the applicability of those surfaces limited itself with deteriorated performance upon accidental damages. Hence, an alternative approach of fabricating slippery lubricant infused porous surfaces inspired from Nepenthes Pitcher plant emerged with excellent capabilities. SLIPs presented liquid repellent property with sliding angles < 5° The present review article discusses about the recent development in SLIPs fabrication that possess excellent anti-icing ability. Furthermore, theoretical models for effective SLIPs design is investigated and discussed in detail. A comparison of theoretical and experimentally obtained results have been compared and presented. An outline of surface and lubricant characteristics to tune the interfacial characteristics is discussed followed by the limitations and possible future direction to achieve self-healing highly efficient SLIPs that can work under harsh conditions.