Introduction Pit and Fissure Sealants are effective in preventing occlusal dental caries by preventing the penetration of microorganism and food debris into susceptible pit and fissures. Aim To compare the marginal discoloration, marginal integrity and anatomic form of self adhesive flowable composite (Fusion Flo) and pit-and-fissure sealant (PF Seal) used with a bonding agent in permanent first molars of children aged 7-10 years. Study design A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among 25 healthy children, including 50 permanent first molars (2 teeth per subject). Materials and method ology: The teeth were isolated using cotton rolls prior to sealant placement. The first permanent molars were randomly allocated into two groups based on the material used: GROUP A (n = 25) - Self adhesive flowable Composite (Fusion Flo) used with a self adhesive bonding agent (Medicept); GROUP B (n = 25) - Pit and fissure sealant (PF Seal) placed with a bonding agent (Fusion 5). Evaluation of anatomic form, marginal integrity and marginal discoloration was performed according to Feigal's criteria. The collected data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test with SPSS version 17. Results No statistically significant differences were observed between Fusion Flo and PF seal with respect to marginal integrity, marginal discoloration and anatomic form at 1, 3 and 6 month follow ups. Conclusion Fusion Flo self adhesive composite can be considered a suitable alternative to conventional PF Seal sealants, particularly advantageous in newly erupted teeth and uncooperative children where maintaining isolation is challenging.

[This corrects the article on p. 6 in vol. 18 PMC11915415.].

ABSTRACT Background: Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters which determines the physical identity of an individual. Cranium encompasses hard tissue components with approximately immortal behavior, reason being cranial measurements were selected for the present study for estimation of stature. Objective: This investigation aimed to assess the stature of unknown using cephalometric parameters by creating equations through regression analysis. Materials and Methods: We selected 361 dental students for the present research; among them, 210 were females and 151 were males in the age range of 21–32 years. Stature and cephalic parameters, i.e., fronto-occipital circumference, head length, and head breadth were measured for each contributor following standard methods and techniques. Cephalic Index was calculated by using the formula: Cephalic Index (CI) = (Head width/Head length) ×100. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient of stature with cephalic parameters was calculated, and regression analysis was done to generate the formulae for stature estimation. Results: Results indicated that all cephalic measurements have strong correlation with stature, and among them, circumference of head was found to be the most reliable predictor. Conclusion: Stature of unknown or deceased can be identified using cephalic parameters as an auxiliary practice.

Introduction:The imbalance between remineralization and demineralization leads to the formation of secondary caries. Fluoride-releasing ability has been the characteristic property of glass ionomer cement (GIC), but it is uncertain if this property alone will be sufficient for the cessation of the growth of the organisms. Therefore, a restorative material with additional bacteriostatic properties needs to be introduced. Aim:To evaluate the microhardness and solubility of the conventional GIC after adding different combinations of antibiotic powders. Materials and methods:In this study, the three groups were conventional GIC (group I), GIC + metronidazole + ciprofloxacin (group II), and GIC + metronidazole + amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (group III). The concentration of the double antibiotic combination was maintained at 1.5% w/w. The antibiotic powders were added to the GIC and evaluated for microhardness and solubility of the specimens. Results:The mean microhardness level of group II was the highest, which was statistically significant using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of 0.022. The comparison of each group's solubility in different solutions was not statistically significant. Conclusion:Along with the conventional properties of GIC, an additional therapeutic gain can also be obtained by incorporating various combinations of antibiotics, thereby arresting the progression of caries at the site of infection itself. Clinical significance:This new approach shall help in community health programs, where treatment of a large population needs to be done within a short span of time and arrest the progression of caries activity in deep caries. How to cite this article:Benson TL, Sogi S, Jain M, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Solubility of Different Combinations of Antibiotic Powders Added to Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(6):619-624.

Background:The present in vitro study evaluated and compared the microleakage and penetration depth of ACP containing pit and fissure sealant with flowable composite. Material and Methods:Sixty extracted non-carious premolars were categorized into four groups of 15 samples each. Sealant was applied after the Occlusal surfaces of the sample teeth were prophylactically treated with pumice slurry. Later, the teeth were thermocycled and immersed in methylene blue for a period of 24 hours. The samples were buccolingually sectioned and analysed under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the microleakage and depth of penetration. Results:Flowable nanocomposite gave comparable results with that of the sealant in terms of microleakage. Nano-hybrid flowable composite performed better with respect to depth of penetration between tested materials with the difference being statistically significant. Conclusions:Flowable nanocomposite can be considered as a promising substitute for sealing fissures and thus can be endorsed to caries susceptible pediatric patients. Key words:Depth of Penetration, Sealants, Microleakage.

Introduction:Deep pits and fissures are more prone to caries development due to their complex morphological anatomy. Preventive measures, such as pit and fissure sealants, can help in the reduction of dental caries. Conventional sealants being hydrophobic in nature, require isolation. Sealants which are hydrophilic have been introduced as an alternative where isolation is difficult to achieve.Aim:To compare and evaluate the retention and marginal integrity of hydrophilic pit and fissure sealant (Embrace WetBond) with hydrophobic pit and fissure sealant (Clinpro) in permanent first molars.Materials and methods:Sealants were applied randomly using the split-mouth design technique on 80 permanent first molars in children aged between 6 and 9 years and evaluation was done at 3, 6, 9, and 18 months.Results:The difference in retention rates between the groups was not significant using the Chi-squared test, though the WetBond group exhibited better results with 40% complete retention at the end of 18 months while in the Clinpro group, it was 37.50%. The marginal integrity in both the sealant groups was also found to be statistically insignificant. Caries incidence was found to be slightly higher in the Clinpro group.Conclusion:The clinical performance of Embrace WetBond was better when compared to Clinpro because of its moisture-tolerance capacity. Embrace Wetbond pit and fissure sealant can be the choice of material in cases where moisture control is a challenging issue.How to cite this article:Gyati O, Jain M, Sogi S, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Retention of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Pit and Fissure Sealants in Permanent First Molars: An 18 Months follow-up: Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):350-356.

Objective:To assess salivary nitric oxide (NO) levels in children with caries at baseline before treatment and compare salivary NO levels before treatment and after 15 and 30 days of the treatment.Study design:The saliva sample was collected from a total of 31 children with caries aged between 6 and 12 years. NO levels were estimated in children with caries before and after treatment using Griess reaction. Decayed teeth in permanent dentition (DT) and and decayed teeth in primary dentition (dt) scores, pretreatment NO levels were recorded at the baseline. After completing the treatment, posttreatment NO levels were compared at 15 and 30 days using paired t-tests. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparing NO levels with both genders. Further, the correlation of NO with age and dental caries was estimated using the Spearman correlation test.Results:A significant increase in salivary NO levels was found in children after treatment (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between NO, age, gender, and DT and dt scores.Conclusion:Higher levels of NO were associated with low caries experience.Clinical significance:The salivary NO in children is of higher diagnostic values as it can be used in caries risk assessment.How to cite this article:Jindal M, Sogi S, Shahi P, et al. Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels before and after Treating Caries in Children: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-2):S133-S137.

Introduction: Restoring a proximal lesion in primary tooth has met with many challenges which has led to evolution of many materials. An alternative to Glass Ionomer Cements which has fluoride releasing capacity, offers good bond strength and is esthetic have been long looked for. Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of GIC and Cention N in proximal restorations of primary molars. Materials and Methodology: A prospective study was conducted on 154 primary molars in patients aged between 5 and 8 years using a split-mouth design. Patients were divided into two groups. Control group restored with GIC and study group received Cention N. Both groups were assessed at baseline 3, 6 and 9 months according to Ryge criteria and data was statistically analysed using Fisher's Exact. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between GIC and Cention N restorations for color match at baseline and color stability at 3 months (P < 0.001), while the other parameters did not show any significant difference among the two restorative materials. Conclusion: Cention N can be used as a suitable alternative to GIC for restoring Class II restorations in primary molars.

A bstrAct Aim and objective: To assess the knowledge and its correlation with their attitude and practices regarding oral hygiene and to evaluate the effect of oral health education on their knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene practices. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on 80 primary school teachers in Barara, District Ambala, Haryana. A self-administered, pretested close-ended questionnaire comprising 20 questions regarding oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice was assessed before and after the dental awareness lecture. Results: The knowledge of primary school teachers was found to be inappropriate but a statistically highly significant increase in this knowledge with p value < 0.001** after the lecture was observed. With an increase in knowledge, the attitude toward dental health changed with a p value 0.022* thus changing their regular dental practices which were when assessed after 15 days, the scores were highly significant with p value < 0.001**. Conclusion: Oral health knowledge was lacking among the primary school teachers though there was a considerable increase in knowledge and change in attitude and practices after the awareness lecture. Clinical significance: A significant increase in knowledge and change in attitude and oral hygiene practices was observed after the conveyance of the lecture. Thus, arranging for such awareness lectures could be beneficial for controlling oral diseases.

Background: Saliva being an important biological fluid of our body contains both specific and nonspecific protective factors which form an integral part of our immune system. Salivary proteins play a substantial role in protecting humans against infection. Their level in oral cavity is subject to constant variations which is dependent on various factors. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the levels of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), glycoproteins, amylase bands, and salivary pH in children with early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis. Materials and Methods: The whole salivary pH, mean protein concentrations, and electrophoretic profiles of the salivary proteins were measured using sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both pre- and posttreatment groups. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 software. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to further compare the results. Results: The results were statistically significant in all the groups. There was variation in pre- and posttreatment values seen. Conclusion: Salivary proteins (glycoproteins, PRPs, and amylase) establish an imperative defense mechanism as antimicrobial agents.

Autogenous tooth transplantation is the surgical movement of tooth from one location in the mouth to another in the same individual. It is an excellent option with good functional and esthetic outcome for rehabilitating young patients with growing alveolar bone and replaces missing tooth with a natural tooth rather than a prosthesis or an osseointegrated implant. This case reports discusses a 9 years follow up of a successful autotransplantation case of third molar in place of first molar justifying autotransplantation to be a viable treatment option in present day implant dentistry practice.

AimTo assess the parental knowledge and awareness about malocclusion in their children. MethodParents of 500 children (289 male and 211 females) aged between 6-16 years, coming to the Department OPD were included in this study. Questionnaires were presented to the parents and their knowledge and awareness regarding malocclusion in children were assessed. ResultOut of 500, 88.4% didn’t aware about irregular teeth in a child. 58.8% parents agreed that problems of primary teeth can affect permanent teeth. 84.2% of parents were not aware of maintaining primary teeth to prevent irregular arrangement of teeth in a child. However, for 61.4% maintaining space was the main purpose of primary teeth and preserving carious primary teeth was more favoured rather than extraction. Most of the parents didn’t know any kind of oral habit causing irregular teeth in children. Aesthetics was chosen as the most important reason for treating irregular teeth. Only 11.8 % of parents visit dentist for regular annual dental check up of their children, although majority of them considered dentist is the common source of dental information.ConclusionOverall lack of awareness was observed among the parents about malocclusion. The level of parental awareness and knowledge needs to be improved further. Key wordsIrregular teeth ,KAP Study, Malalignment, Questionnaire. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 23-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 13-02-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The open bite malocclusion is one of the most difficult dentofacial deformities to treat. Extrusion of upper and lower incisors with extrusion arches and vertical elastics, a common orthodontic treatment modality for anterior open bites requires compliance or careful wire bending. Hence, an easier method that involves no wire bending or compliance and saves chair time is described in this article that would prove indispensable for the orthodontist.

ABSTRACT Aim and objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the pulp testing methods (pulse oximetry and electric pulp test) in primary and young permanent teeth of children. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 155 children aged 4 to 15 years. Twenty children formed control group I. Study group included all healthy, 85 primary 2nd molars in group II and 85 permanent 1st molars in group III. Fifty children needing endodontics treatment formed test group IV. The readings were recorded as true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), false negative (FN). Based on this, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for each method. The results were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: On comparing pulse oximetry with electric pulp test ‘p-value’ was found to be 0.487 and 1.00 for groups 1 and 2 respectively and was statistically not significant. Whereas ‘p-value’ for groups 3 and 4 was < 0.0001 and 0.003 respectively and was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: The present study indicates that pulse oximetry can be used as a routine method for assessing the pulp vitality in primary, young permanent and mature permanent teeth. How to cite this article: Shahi P, Sood PB, Sharma A, Madan M, Shahi N, Gandhi G. Comparative Study of Pulp Vitality in Primary and Young Permanent Molars in Human Children with Pulse Oximeter and Electric Pulp Tester. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(2):94-98.

BACKGROUND:The complete denture teeth arrangement that gives maximum denture stability, comfort, esthetics, and function have been studied since several years. Many occlusal schemes have been advised in which the lingualized occlusion, balanced occlusion, and monoplane occlusion are advocated most popularly. The purpose of this study was to compare the pressure values on the supporting tissue using three diff erent posterior occlusal schemes: Balanced occlusion, lingualized occlusion, and monoplane occlusion in simulated dentures.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The simulators used in this study, composed of the maxillary, and mandibular clear heat cure acrylic resin edentulous models. Pressures on the supporting structure under the complete denture were measured using eight strain gauges placed on the model surface on the buccal and lingual slopes of the ridges on the molar and pre-molar region. Pressure on the supporting structure was measured and signals from the sensors were amplifi ed and recorded by the multi-channel electronic strain indicator.RESULTS:The mean pressure which was obtained at each measurement point was compared by one-way ANOVA test.CONCLUSION:Overall monoplane occlusion had lesser pressure values compared to completely balanced and lingualized occlusal scheme. Lingualized occlusal scheme was found to transfer stresses from working side to non-working side to stabilize the mandibular denture.