Climate change heightens the risk of seawater submergence in coastal areas. Hemerocallis fulva L., known as daylily, is an important horticultural and medicinal plant with a high abiotic stress tolerance capacity and potential for coastal stabilization. However, the molecular regulatory responses of daylily to seawater submergence are still largely unexplored. In this study, daylily cultivar 'Autumn Red' plants were subjected to seawater logging stress (SLS), and time-series root transcriptional changes were explored using PacBio Iso-seq techniques. Compared with the control (0 h), we detected 3168, 4924, and 5525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in daylily roots at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-SLS, respectively. Oxidation-reduction process, Glutathione hydrolase activity, Glutathione catabolic process, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Arachidonic acid metabolism were the main induced metabolic processes in daylily following SLS. Some key continuously up-regulated genes related to antioxidant system, ion regulation, hormone transduction, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolite synthesis that may play important roles in daylily tolerance to SLS were identified. In addition, 119 transcription factor family genes, including AP2/ERF, bHLH, C2H2, AUX/IAA, bZIP, and MYB, which may regulate SLS-responsive mechanisms in daylily, were screened. An in-depth study on the dynamic changes of bZIPs under seawater treatment revealed that conserved structural features alongside species-specific and functional divergence in salt stress responses. Class III bZIPs demonstrated sustained upregulation for salt tolerance, while others exhibited variable expression despite having similar structures. These findings enhance our understanding of daylily's tolerance to SLS and could facilitate its cultivation in coastal and saline regions.

Glycine betaine (GB), a key osmoprotectant in plants, alleviates abiotic stress through osmotic adjustment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Although betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyzes GB biosynthesis and enhances salinity tolerance in crops such as rice and maize, its role in waterlogging adaptation remains unclear. A putative BADH gene, HfBADH1, was cloned from waterlogging-treated daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) 'Autumn Red'. HfBADH1 expression increased 6.8-fold under waterlogging and 8.9-fold under salinity. Notably, HfBADH1 expression was repressed by abscisic acid (ABA), in contrast with typical stress-responsive genes. In addition, the activities of BADH and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) correlated with waterlogging tolerance among different daylily cultivars. Overexpression of HfBADH1 in Arabidopsis thaliana under the CaMV35S promoter resulted in 2.4-fold higher BADH activity and twofold higher ALDH activity than in wild-type plants. The transgenic lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to both salinity and waterlogging. Stress responses were evaluated by antioxidant and anaerobic respiration enzyme activities, and physiological indices including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and chlorophyll content. The observed stress tolerance in transgenic A.thaliana suggested that BADH overexpression helps stabilize cellular structures and scavenges ROS. The increase in ALDH activity indicated that HfBADH1 overexpression may facilitate aldehyde oxidation, supporting adaptation to hypoxic conditions induced by waterlogging. This study is the first to link BADH overexpression to dual stress resilience, highlighting its combined enzymatic roles in GB biosynthesis and aldehyde detoxification. The ABA-independent regulatory pattern provides insight into noncanonical stress adaptation and suggests new strategies for engineering crops tolerant to saline and flood-prone environments.

Daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.) are widely cultivated for their ornamental, edible, and medicinal values. However, they are under severe threat of rust disease (RD) caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis, which significantly challenges their application. In this study, an F1 population derived from a cross between the RD-resistant maternal parent ‘Whale Tail (WT)’ and the RD-susceptible paternal parent ‘Carolina French Vanilla (CFV)’ was used to preliminarily identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for daylily rust disease resistance based on bulked-segregant analysis (BSA). A total of five candidate QTLs spanning 12.53 Mb were identified by both the |Δ(SNP-index)| and Euclidean distance (ED) algorithms, including two QTLs located on chromosome CM030360.1. Additionally, a total of 140 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 39 insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were used to develop and validate markers associated with rust resistance in daylily. Five SSR markers (SSR-5, SSR-20, SSR-82, XC057, and XC079) and three InDel markers (InDel-8, InDel-18, and InDel-37) were identified as being associated with the target trait. The SSR markers showed validation accuracies ranging from 83 to 100

Aroma volatiles constitute the primary molecular basis of fruit flavor quality, governing sensory attributes and marketability. Based on their chemical states, aroma compounds are categorized into bound and free forms. Bound aroma compounds predominantly exist as non-volatile glycosides, which can be hydrolyzed enzymatically or through acid treatment to release volatile free aroma compounds, thereby enhancing fruit fragrance. Although the dynamic interconversion between free and bound aroma compounds is pivotal for fruit flavor development, the governing mechanisms, including the principal controlling factors, regulatory networks, and external influences, are still under investigation. This review primarily synthesizes recent advances regarding the structural diversity, analysis, biosynthesis, and regulation of bound aroma compounds. Additionally, it examines how key regulatory networks and environmental factors modulate the synthesis and transformation of these compounds. The integrated overview provides new insights for future regulation of aroma metabolism in fruits.

Paeonia ostii，a widely cultivated oil tree peony with notable medicinal, edible, horticultural and cultural values, encounters constrained cultivation expansion primarily due to its inherently low seed yield. Despite the critical roles of serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins in plant growth, development, and stress response, their characteristics remain unexplored in P. osti. In this study, we employed a genome-wide approach to identify 126 putative PoSCPL genes in P. ostii. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of their protein physicochemical properties, phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, colinearity, conserved motifs, gene structure, and cis-acting elements. Futhemor, we investigated the expression profiles of PoSCPL across eight tissues, six seed development stages, and under abiotic stresses (drought, flooding, and high temperature) unveiling a complex regulatory network orchestratiing seed development and stress responses. Notably, at least three --PoSCPL108, PoSCPL61, PoSCPL8--emerged as key players in seed development, displaying elevated expression during early stages followed by a gradual decline. We prioritized PoSCPL8 and PoSCPL61 for functional validation. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that PoSCPL8 localizes to peroxisomal and PoSCPL61 localize to the endoplasmic reticulum localization. Functional validation via overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that PoSCPL61 induces premature flowering and produces wrinkled, smaller seeds with significantly reduced length, width and weight compared to the WT (wild type) and empty vector (EV) controls, alongside increased silique numbers. Additionally, in vivo functional validation using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system to suppress the expression of PoSCPL61 in P. ostii leaves and seeds showed that, after 21 days of VIGS treatment, both seed length and width had significantly increased by 19.2 % and 5.7 %, respectively, compared to the TRV2 controls. This study identified PoSCPL61 as a key negative regulator of influencing seed size and potentially other agronomically important traits, providing a genetic target for improving P. ostii seed yield.

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is valued for its flavor, nutrition, and economic importance, yet as a climacteric fruit, it undergoes rapid postharvest senescence due to respiratory surges and ethylene production, leading to flavor loss and reduced marketability. Recent advances in postharvest physiology, including ethylene regulation, metabolic analysis, and advanced packaging, have improved preservation. Compared with traditional methods, emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology-based coatings and intelligent packaging systems, offer environmentally friendly and highly effective solutions but face high costs, technical barriers, and other constraints. This review examines changes in key flavor components—amino acids, phenolic compounds, sugars, organic acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—during ripening and senescence. It evaluates physical, chemical, and biotechnological preservation methods for maintaining quality. For instance, 1-MCP extends shelf life but may reduce aroma, underscoring the need for optimized protocols. Emerging trends, including biocontrol agents and smart packaging, provide a foundation for enhancing peach storage, transportation, and marketability.

Background: Mutant analysis remains one of the main genetic tools for characterising unclarified gene functions in plants, especially in non-model plants. Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) is a popular perennial ornamental plant grown worldwide. Analysis of daylily mutants can enhance understanding of genes regulating the albino phenotype and improve the cultivar quality of daylily. Methods: The natural albino mutant (Alb-⁣/-) was isolated by screening a self-pollinated progeny of daylily cultivar ‘black-eyed stella’. Transmission electron microscopy was used in analysing the structure of plastids between mutant and wild-type seedlings. The content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and chlorophyll precursors in plants was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RNA sequencing and physiological measurements were performed to explore the association between drought tolerance and mutation. Results: All the seedlings of the daylily albino mutants died spontaneously within fifteen days after germination when grown in soil. The carotenoid and chlorophyll content in the leaves of the mutant plants significantly decreased compared with those of the wild-type control. The mutant plants displayed stunted growth, and their leaves were white or light yellow in color. Abnormal plastids such as those showing endomembrane vesiculation and lacking stacking were discovered in the leaves of mutant plants. Furthermore, genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive nuclear gene mutation led to the albino trait, RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR validation showed extensive differences in gene expression between the mutant plants and the wild-type control, and most of the genes related to chlorophyll metabolism were down-regulated, with foldchange ranging from 0.20–0.49. Additionally, the surviving homozygous plants (Alb+⁣/+), which do not contain this mutation, were also isolated by analysing the phenotype of their self-pollinated progeny. The net photosynthesis rate and light saturation point of Alb+⁣/+ were higher than those of heterozygous (Alb+⁣/-) plants. Additionally, the Alb+⁣/+ plants were more tolerant to drought conditions than the Alb+⁣/- plants, suggesting that a heterozygous Alb- mutation is sufficient to negatively affect photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance. Conclusions: The albino mutation negatively affects photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance, and homozygous mutation is required for the characteristic albino phenotype. This work highlights the link between albino mutation, photosynthetic pigment metabolism and drought sensitivity in daylily.

In order to assess the impact of UV-B radiation on flavonoid compound levels in 'Stella de Oro' daylily leaves, three distinct treatment groups were established: a control group (CK) devoid of UV-B exposure, a low-dose UV-B group (L, 10 mu w/cm2), and a high-dose UV-B group (H, 20 mu w/cm2). Throughout the UV-B exposure period, parameters including leaf gas exchange, dry weight ratio, and flavonoid compound content were monitored. Following the UV-B treatment, there was a notable increase in the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) by 72 %, stomatal conductance (Gs) by 46 %, transpiration rate (Tr) by 42 %, and water use efficiency (WUE) by 21 %. Moreover, there was a notable increase in the total content of rutin, myricetin, and quercetin in the leaves by 110 %, 55 %, and 47 % respectively. The observed changes in leaf dry weight ratio under UV-B exposure in group H were consistent with the alterations in flavonoid compound levels in the leaves. Based on the results, PCA analysis indicated a significant correlation between WUE and flavonoids content, possibly related with the combined effect of Pn and Tr.

Excessive methylglyoxal (MG), which is produced by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stress, could be removed by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I is the main component of the glyoxalase system, and it plays an important role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance of plants. In this study, glyoxalase I activity of different daylily ( Hemerocallis spp.) varieties was measured and compared, showing that glyoxalase I activity was positively correlated with salt tolerance in daylily. In addition, a putative glyoxalase I gene ( HfGlX I-1 ) of daylily was cloned and introduced to tobacco ( Nicotiana benthamiana ). Results showed that the glyoxalase I activity of transgenic plants was higher than that of wild-type plants, indicating that HfGlX I-1 served as glyoxalase I. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco showed tolerance to abiotic stress, including drought, high concentrations of sodium chloride and zinc chloride. Our results could establish the potential selection system of salt-tolerant daylily and provide a molecular tool to modify the biotic tolerance of ornamental plants.

Daylily ( Hemerocallis spp) rust caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis is a common disease that has become a global problem. This study identified and characterized the causal agent of daylily rust in east China. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, a phylogenetic tree of the P. hemerocallidis from China and other geographical regions was constructed, and the result showed that P. hemerocallidis from daylilies in east China grouped with other P. hemerocallidis isolates collected from North-, Central-American and Europe. In addition, the effects of incubation condition, temperature, and light on urediniospores germination were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the P. hemerocallidis urediniospores could germinate at 10–40 ℃ under light intensity of 10–100 Klux, but they hardly germinated at 5 ℃. W-WA medium (water agar medium covered with sterile water) was the most suitable in vitro germination substrate, combined with the temperature of 20–30 ℃ and light intensity of 40–70 Klux. The results of this study provided a basis for understanding the biology of the causal agent of daylily rust disease.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the key enzyme in the melanogenesis pathway of enzymatic browning that converts phenolic substrates to quinones and eventually polymerizes to form melanin. In this study, the genome-wide characterization of the Abppo gene family was performed, and six Abppo genes were identified. These genes were divided into three groups based on sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, with members of the same group possessing similar motif structures. Expression analysis showed that the Abppo genes demonstrate diverse expression patterns at different growth stages and postharvest storage. In addition, the expression of Abppo genes could be significantly induced by abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid 3, indicating their potential roles in response to abiotic stresses. These results provide insights into the potential functions of the Abppo gene family, offering a theoretical reference in the future for mushroom breeders.

Flower color is one of the main factors in assessing the ornamental and commercial value of horticultural plants. The prerequisite for breeding and developing varieties of flower color in ornamental plants is to understand the mechanism of flower color formation and its regulatory mechanism. Daylily（Hemerocallis spp.） are colorful and graceful, and are one of the three main perennial flowers. This paper outlined the research progress in daylily flower morphology, coloring types, pigment synthesis and its regulation, genetic modification, etc. to provide reference for the subsequent breeding of new varieties of daylily with different flower colors.

Daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.) are widely cultivated as perennial ornamentals worldwide with important edible, medicinal, and ornamental value. In this study, a total of 9139 SSR loci were detected in the daylily cultivar ‘Autumn Red’ through Single Molecular Real Time sequencing, of which 2604 unigenes contained two or more SSR loci. Tri-nucleotide repeats were predominated (5270, 57.66

[目的]分离纯化上海应用技术大学萱草种质资源圃中疑似萱草叶枯病的病原菌,并对其进行鉴定;筛选对分离病原菌生长具有明显抑制作用的杀菌剂,为萱草叶枯病的田间防治提供科学依据.[方法]采集上海应用技术大学萱草种质资源圃中疑似萱草叶枯病病叶,采用组织分离法分离、纯化病原菌,并进行回接试验验证.对分离病原菌进行菌落形态和显微形态观察,并进行rDNA-ITS序列分析,采用MEGA 7.0软件中Neighbor-joining法构建其系统进化树,鉴定其分类地位.利用带毒平板法测定50％腐霉利可湿性粉剂、75％百菌清可湿性粉剂、77％硫酸铜钙可湿性粉剂对病原菌的室内毒力.[结果]从疑似萱草叶枯病病叶中分离得到病原菌YK1,其菌落呈雪白色放射状,分子孢子为卵圆形或近椭圆形,呈麦穗状,孢子壁为黑色,内容物透明,孢子大小为(3.63～7.27)μm×(3.63～7.27)μm,孢子壁约为1.82μm.PCR扩增获得YK1内转录间隔区(ITS)序列,系统进化分析显示,在Limonomyces属菌种大类中YK1与秆褐霉菌(Limonomyces culmigenus)聚在同一分支上.3种低毒杀菌剂对YK1均有一定抑制作用,其中75％百菌清可湿性粉剂对YK1的抑制作用最强,其有效中浓度(EC50)为0.114 7 mg/L.[结论]本次萱草叶枯病病原菌为秆褐霉菌(Limonomyces culmigenus),75％百菌清可湿性粉剂对其有较好的抑制作用.

萱草起源于中国,有中国母亲花之称.随着中国萱草产业的发展,国内已有部分苗圃引入国内外培育的新品种萱草进行扩繁生产,但是在推广过程中因新品萱草成本较高、甲方与设计方认知度低、生产方对设计师的设计手法不够了解等问题而出现推广难的情况.对植物景观设计师进行问卷调查,从萱草应用的项目类型、应用场景、常用品种与规格、设计师对萱草的了解情况、市场流通萱草的不足以及新品萱草的潜在需求,共6个角度进行调查分析.调查发现:萱草应用的项目类型以城市公园、居住小区与市政道路绿化为主;林下片植与花境是萱草最主要的应用场景;常用品种以大花萱草、金娃娃萱草以及常绿萱草为主;萱草裸根苗与容器苗均有需求;设计师对萱草的优秀特性了解不足,"忘忧"与"孝亲"是设计师对萱草文化的主要了解;市场流通萱草的不足主要是不能立即成景,花色、株型单一等;新品萱草的潜在需求主要是冬季常绿、更丰富的花色等.研究以期能促进萱草生产与设计应用地融合,提升萱草的景观表现,挖掘萱草潜在的市场需求,推动国内萱草产业的发展.

乙二醛酶系统包括三个酶:乙二醛酶Ⅰ、乙二醛酶Ⅱ和乙二醛酶Ⅲ,它们在植物适应环境胁迫中具有十分重要的作用.本研究以萱草品系'63#'自交后代为材料,并根据乙二醛酶Ⅰ活力高低将自交后代划分成四个等级.测定不同等级的萱草在受到锌胁迫时的生理指标,探究萱草植株受到重金属锌胁迫的影响和乙二醛酶Ⅰ活力的关系.结果显示萱草植株受到锌胁迫的程度随着乙二醛酶Ⅰ活力的升高而减弱,锌胁迫下乙二醛酶Ⅰ活力高的株系还表现出更高的叶绿素含量和较低的丙二醛含量,为建立了基于乙二醛酶Ⅰ活力锌耐受萱草植株筛选体系提供参考.此外,结果显示过量表达萱草乙二醛酶Ⅰ基因(HfGLX I-1)的转基因萱草株系具有更好的重金属锌耐受性.这些结果表明乙二醛酶Ⅰ对提高植物的重金属锌耐受性可能具有普遍性.

BACKGROUND:The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are a newly discovered family of sugar transporters whose members exist in a variety of organisms and are highly conserved. SWEETs have been reported to be involved in the growth and development of many plants, but little is known about SWEETs in daylily (Hemerocallis fulva), an important perennial ornamental flower.RESULTS:In this study, 19 daylily SWEETs were identified and named based on their homologous genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Phylogenetic analysis classified these HfSWEETs into four clades (Clades I to IV). The conserved motifs and gene structures showed that the HfSWEETs were very conservative during evolution. Chromosomal localization and synteny analysis found that HfSWEETs were unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes, and there were five pairs of segmentally duplicated events and one pair of tandem duplication events. The expression patterns of the 19 HfSWEETs showed that the expression patterns of most HfSWEETs in different tissues were related to corresponding clades, and most HfSWEETs were up-regulated under low temperatures. Furthermore, HfSWEET17 was overexpressed in tobacco, and the cold resistance of transgenic plants was much higher than that of wild-type tobacco.CONCLUSION:This study identified the SWEET gene family in daylily at the genome-wide level. Most of the 19 HfSWEETs were expressed differently in different tissues and under low temperatures. Overexpression further suggests that HfSWEET17 participates in daylily low-temperature response. The results of this study provide a basis for further functional analysis of the SWEET family in daylily.

Daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.; Xanthorrhoeaceae) originated from Eastern Asia and are widely cultivated as perennial ornamentals from the tropics to their native high latitudes. In June 2021, daylily cultivar 'Tao Hua Zhai' with leaf spot symptoms were found at the Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China. The disease prevalence was about 14.5 % in a 33,000 m2 planting area indicated by survey statistics. Symptoms of the disease initially appeared as small, circular, brown spots on the leaves. As disease progressed, spots increased gradually until they were distributed uniformly over the lamina, the leaf tip became withered and the rest of the leaf became chlorotic. Symptomatic leaf tissue pieces (5 × 5 mm) from lesion margins were sterilized with 75 % ethanol for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, then incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 28 °C in the dark. A pure culture (ATHF-1) was obtained. Its upper surface on PDA was olive green with loose aerial hyphae, and its lower surface was brown.Conidiophores were brown, single or branched, producing numerous short chains conidia. Conidia were obclavate to obpyriform or ellipsoid, pale brown to dark brown, with a short cylindrical beak at the tip, contained 2-6 transverse septa and 0-4 longitudinal septa. The size of conidia were 15.9-47.3 µm × 7.6-16.6 µm (n=50), and length/width ratios were 1.51 to 4.92. Based on the morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Alternaria spp. (Simmons, 2007). For molecular characterization, three genes (the internal transcribed spacers [ITS], plasma membrane ATPase [ATPase] and major allergen Alt a 1) of ATHF-1 were amplified with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), ATPDF1/ATPDR1 (Lawrence et al. 2013) and Alt-for/Alt-rev (Hong et al. 2005), respectively. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS, MZ983611; ATPase, MZ962978; Alt a 1, OK021654). Blastn searches showed the nucleotide sequences of ATHF-1 were highly similar to the reference sequences of Alternaria tenuissima (ITS, 99 % to KU982591; ATPase, 98 % to MT833928; Alt a 1, 100 % to MT109294). A phylogenetic tree based on the ITS, ATPase and Alt a 1 sequences was constructed by MEGA7.0, which showed that ATHF-1 was closely related to A. tenuissima and A. alternata. But according to Woudenberg et al. (2015), they were synonymized under the species name A. alternata. So, based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as A. alternata. For pathogenicity tests, ten healthy two-month-old potted seedlings from tissue culture daylilies were sprayed with 20 ml of suspension (approximately 2×105 spores/ml), ten daylilies were used as controls and sprayed with sterile water. After covering with transparent plastic bags for 48 h to maintain humidity, the plants were placed in the greenhouse at 25 ℃ with 12 h photoperiod. The pathogenicity tests were repeated twice. Seven days after inoculation, lesions appeared on the plants inoculated with the pathogen, which were consistent with the symptoms observed in the field, while the controls remained symptomless. The morphological characteristics and gene sequences of the re-isolated strain from the diseased leaves were consistent with those of the inoculated strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata affecting leaf spot disease on daylily in China. Identification of the causal agent of the disease is important for developing effective disease management strategies. References: Hong, S.G., et al. 2005. Fungal Genet Biol. 42(2):119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2004.10.009 Lawrence, D.P., et al. 2013. Mycologia. 105(3):530-546. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-249 Simmons, E.G. 2007. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. White, T. J., et al. 1990. Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, 18(1), 315-322. Woudenberg J.H.C., et al. 2015. Studies in Mycology. 82(82):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.07.001.

Additional file 1: Table S1 CDS sequences of 19 HfSWEET genes.

低温胁迫是萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)生长过程中经常会遭遇的一种非生物胁迫.比较了萱草叶片在低温处理(10、5、0℃)下转录组与对照(15℃)数据的差异,共筛选出差异表达基因2457个,其中上调基因1253个,下调基因1204个.差异表达基因主要富集在细胞过程、代谢过程和催化活性等49个GO过程,代谢途径、次生代谢产物的生物合成、植物激素信号转导等42条KEGG代谢途径中.其中参与植物激素信号转导通路的差异表达基因发生了不同程度的变化,GH3.10基因上调至对照组的13.624倍,IAA1基因下调0.120倍;参与可溶性糖合成通路的差异基因发生了0.076～28.114倍不同程度的变化.随后对3个低温处理组共有的29个差异表达基因进行热图和网络调控分析,基于基因在网络调控中的位置,对ABCF5、OFPs和SWEETs等基因在冷应答的作用进行了分析.本研究结果为进一步挖掘萱草低温响应的关键基因及耐寒萱草种质开发、分子育种提供了一定的理论支撑.