ObjectiveRotator cuff tears (RCT) are prevalent among the elderly and often lead to significant shoulder pain. While both open and arthroscopic cuff repairs are effective, the recurrence of RCT post-surgery remains high, with osteoporosis being a major contributing risk factor. Local angiogenesis and tendon-bone healing are essential for optimal recovery after rotator cuff repair. This study investigates the effects of Miacalcic, an osteoporosis medication, on rotator cuff repair in osteoporotic conditions.MethodsTo explore the mechanisms underlying Miacalcic's action, we conducted RNA-sequencing and cell-based experiments on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, an osteoporotic mouse model of RCT was utilized to assess in vivo effects.ResultsOur findings revealed that Miacalcic had no significant effect on the proliferation of BMSCs, whereas it notably stimulated the proliferation of HUVECs. Miacalcic also significantly reduced apoptosis in HUVECs and enhanced their angiogenic potential. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that Miacalcic primarily modulates the JAK signaling pathway, which plays a key role in angiogenesis. In vivo, Miacalcic treatment in an osteoporotic mouse model enhanced vascularization and facilitated tendon-bone healing in the rotator cuff, leading to improved functional recovery following RCT.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of Miacalcic as a therapeutic agent for promoting tendon-bone healing in osteoporotic patients with rotator cuff injuries. By elucidating the mechanisms through which Miacalcic enhances angiogenesis and healing, our findings offer insights into potential strategies for improving post-operative outcomes and reducing RCT recurrence. Further research is necessary to refine our understanding of the specific biological pathways involved and to explore the long-term therapeutic benefits of Miacalcic.

Antibiotic residues are commonly found in food. The effect of dietary exposure to veterinary antibiotics on the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from food to humans is unknown. We found that dietary exposure to enrofloxacin reduced microbial diversity, interactions, and the immune responses; weakened the colonization resistance of the resident microbiota; and promoted the colonization of exogenous Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in the simulated human intestine both in vitro and in vivo experiments in mice. In addition to the growth advantages for potential most likely bacterial hosts of ARGs under enrofloxacin exposure, the dietary exposure to enrofloxacin promoted horizontal transfer of resistance plasmids and altered the simulated human gut antibiotic resistome in a time-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that dietary intake of enrofloxacin promoted the colonization of E. coli K-12 MG1655 in the simulated human intestine and the horizontal transfer of ARGs, highlighting the risk of antibiotic resistance transmission from food to humans mediated by dietary exposure to veterinary antibiotics.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) adoptive transfer therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in hematologic malignancies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T in treating solid tumors, particularly "cold tumors" such as prostate cancer, is significantly restricted by the cumbersome ex vivo manufacturing, impaired T cell fitness, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that blunts T cell function. Here, we successfully constructed a nanodelivery system based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). This system exhibited high CAR-gene encapsulation efficiency, reduced nonspecific hepatic accumulation, targeted delivery to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and efficient intracellular gene transfection efficiency, enabling in situ construction of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M). Co-delivery of IFN-γ and CAR genes not only maintained the specific tumor-killing and phagocytic activity of CAR-Ms against tumor cells but also activated adaptive immunity, inducing excellent antitumor efficacy, as evidenced by the observed 95.54% inhibition of tumor growth in a prostate cancer mouse model. This strategy provides a promising approach for systematic in vivo editing of CAR-Ms.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, 30-50 % of patients with advanced breast cancer develop brain metastasis, causing severe damage to their life quality. Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain lesions were recognized to be a unique microenvironment with limited infiltration of circulating immune cells and drugs. However, emerging studies reported the immunology of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) and indicated the potential of immunotherapy against brain metastases. Therefore, it is of great value to comprehensively investigate the TME and identify the pro-tumoral mechanisms facilitating brain metastases and the crucial molecules involved in this process. In this research, we re-analyzed public data on three brain surgical specimens of breast cancer metastases and identified the immunosuppressive roles of macrophages in the metastatic TME. Then, we conducted the first single-cell RNA sequencing on a murine model of breast cancer brain metastasis. In the brain TME, immune cells showed prominent heterogeneity, especially the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). We identified the alteration of macrophage subclusters in the central nerve system (CNS) after breast cancer invasion and found that metastatic cancer cells re-shaped the TME cellular interactions for immune evasion and nutrition supply. Finally, this research could serve as a reference for further analysis of new therapies against brain metastatic lesions.

Background:Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disorder marked by reduced bone mass and disrupted microstructure, leading to higher fracture risk. Epidemiological data from China show a 20.7% prevalence in women and 14.4% in men over 50, underscoring a pressing health issue given the aging population. More drugs to inhibit OP progression should be explored, and their biological mechanisms confirmed in preclinical studies. Methods:In this study, we utilized Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), an extract from the traditional Chinese medicine Goji Berry. LBP, known for its range of pharmacological activities, was assessed for its potential therapeutic effects on OP. We specifically investigated its influence on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and functional differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Results:LBP significantly promotes osteoblast proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, it inhibits the intrinsic apoptotic response in osteoblasts. For osteoclasts, LBP suppressed their proliferation, migration, and osteoclastic differentiation while enhancing their natural apoptosis. These results were confirmed by classical protein pathway detection experiments. Conclusion:LBP showcases potential therapeutic properties against OP, particularly in modulating osteoblast/osteoclast activities. While its exact mechanisms through vital signaling pathways remain to be fully elucidated, LBP's prominent effects suggest that it is a promising agent for OP intervention, warranting further in-depth studies.

Photo-Fenton as the advanced oxidation technology shows great potential in water purification, which is limited by the sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, oxygen vacancy-mediated Bi2WO6/FeOOH (Vo-BWO/FeOOH) heterojunction has been successfully constructed and performs superior performance for degradation antibiotic wastewater and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) inactivation. The optimal photo-Fenton degradation rate for TCH achieves 0.0833 min(-1) over oxygen vacancy-rich BWO/FeOOH (Vo-r-BWO/FeOOH). The degradation rate of tetracycline reached 100 % within 60 min, while the removal efficiency of E. coli resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, and kanamycin was 94.1 % at 80 min. Moreover, Vo-r-BWO/FeOOH heterojunction also exhibits excellent durability, strong removal ability for multiple antibiotics and exceptional activity in a practical water environment. The comprehensive study of experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirms that the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies accelerates the interfacial charge carriers' migration and adsorption-activation of H2O2. Finally, the degradation pathway and toxicity of intermediates have been ascertained. This work provides a valuable strategy for the remediation of antibiotic wastewater resources.

Osteoporosis significantly impairs tendon-bone healing, increasing the risk of rotator cuff tears and postoperative retearing. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are vital for tendon repair, with their stemness crucial to healing outcomes. This study investigated the role of CD248 in regulating TSPC stemness and assessed the therapeutic potential of si-CD248-loaded liposomes in promoting tendon-bone healing under osteoporotic conditions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified increased TSPC populations, particularly a unique subcluster, TSPC-0, with elevated CD248 expression in osteoporotic tendon samples. CD248+ TSPCs displayed reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and impaired migration, driven by altered FAK-JAK-STAT1 signaling. si-CD248-loaded liposomes were formulated and characterized, demonstrating efficacy in inhibiting CD248 expression, restoring TSPC stemness, and promoting tendon-bone healing. In osteoporotic mice, liposome treatment significantly enhanced tissue regeneration, improving histological scores, collagen organization, and biomechanical properties. This study reveals that elevated CD248 expression negatively impacts TSPC stemness and impairs healing under osteoporotic conditions. Targeting CD248 using si-CD248-loaded liposomes effectively restores TSPC regenerative potential, representing a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance tendon-bone healing in osteoporotic patients.

A successful therapeutic outcome in the treatment of solid tumours requires efficient intratumoural drug accumulation and retention. Here we demonstrate that zinc gluconate in oral supplements assembles with plasma proteins to form ZnO nanoparticles that selectively accumulate into papillary Caki-2 renal tumours and promote the recruitment of dendritic cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to tumour tissues. Renal tumour targeting is mediated by the preferential binding of zinc ions to metallothionein-1X proteins, which are constitutively overexpressed in Caki-2 renal tumour cells. This binding event further upregulates intracellular metallothionein-1X expression to induce additional nanoparticle binding and retention. In both tumour animal models and human renal tumour samples, we show that ZnO nanoparticles actively cross the vascular wall to achieve high intratumoural accumulation. We further explore this feature of ZnO nanoparticles for the delivery of chemotherapeutics to mouse and rabbit cancer models. Our findings demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles derived from supplements can serve as a multifunctional drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy platform. Zinc gluconate in oral supplements associates with plasma proteins to form renal-tumour-accumulating ZnO nanoparticles, which have antitumoural immune activity and can also be used for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.

ObjectivesThis investigation sought to explore the inhibitory impact of wogonin on prolactinoma and elucidate its underlying mechanisms through network pharmacology, molecular docking (MD), and molecular biology experiments.MethodsTarget identification for wogonin and prolactinoma was conducted using relevant databases, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of intersecting targets via the STRING database. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were executed utilizing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) methodologies. Hub genes were identified from the PPI network, and MD was utilized to assess the binding patterns and interaction strength between wogonin and hub targets. Network pharmacological findings were further validated through in vivo and in vitro experiments.ResultsA sum of 137 drug targets for wogonin and 3,942 disease targets for prolactinoma were identified, with 37 overlapping targets. Nine hub genes were screened, including KDR, EGFR, BCL2, IL6, ESR1, MYC, CCL2, PTGS2, and ESR2. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that wogonin was closely associated with several critical signaling cascades. MD analysis confirmed robust binding interactions between wogonin and the identified hub targets. Cellular experiments suggested that wogonin suppressed cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis in prolactinoma cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, primarily via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascades. Animal studies further revealed that wogonin markedly suppressed tumor growth and enhanced prolactinoma sensitivity to bromocriptine.ConclusionThese findings suggest that wogonin exerts its anti-prolactinoma effects via multiple targets and signaling cascades, establishing a robust scientific basis for the development and screening of novel anti-prolactinoma therapeutics.

Isopentenyl flavonoids were isolated from Daphne giraldii Nitsche and their pharmacological activity was further studied to enrich its chemical composition. Seventeen isopentenyl flavonoids (1a/1b-3a/3b and 4-14), including thirteen undescribed compounds (1a/1b-3a/3b and 4-10), were obtained from D. giraldii under the guidance of HSQC-based DeepSAT. Their structures and configurations were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, ECD, and GFN2NMR methods. Moreover, all compounds were evaluated for potential cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. Among them, undescribed compound 3 exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against HepG2 and Hep3B cells due to the presence of a unique isopentene group and pyran ring structure, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of IC50 = 17.55 +/- 1.65 mu M and IC50 = 1.12 +/- 0.08 mu M, respectively. Morphological and staining analyses suggested compound 11 induced apoptosis in HepG2 and Hep3B cells, indicating that the isopentene group at the C-8 position was the active group.

PURPOSE:Suprasellar pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) present surgical challenges due to their strong adherence to vital neurovascular structures, significantly affecting surgical strategies and outcomes. This study proposed a new classification for suprasellar PitNETs based on their relationship with the optic chiasm. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed 82 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) for suprasellar PitNETs between January 2018 and December 2021. Suprasellar PitNETs were classified into four types based on the relationship between the tumor and the optic chiasm: type I (prechiasmatic type), type II (infrachiasmatic type), type III (retrochiasmatic type), and type IV (mixed type). We assessed detailed operative techniques and outcomes across different suprasellar PitNETs types. RESULTS:The overall gross total resection (GTR) rate for suprasellar PitNETs was 87.8%. GTR rates varied among different types of suprasellar PitNETs, with type IV exhibiting the lowest rate. Approximately 85.5% of patients with preoperative visual disturbances reported improvement after surgery, with type II suprasellar PitNETs showing the highest improvement rate and type IV suprasellar PitNETs showing the lowest. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage occurred in 4 (4.9%) patients and was successfully treated using lumbar drainage or surgical repair. Meningitis was observed in 5 (6.1%) cases, with one fatality occurring in a patient with type I suprasellar PitNET. CONCLUSION:The classification of suprasellar PitNETs into four types based on their relationship with the optic chiasm enhances our understanding of tumor growth patterns and aids in preoperative assessment. Consequently, determining individualized surgical strategies using EEAs for suprasellar PitNETs can lead to higher resection rates and better visual outcomes.

Less-aggressive lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) frequently transform into glioblastoma (GBM). Most previous studies of gliomas have not focused on LGG-original high-risk subpopulations, which may be one of the most critical hallmarks of glioma progression. In this study, LGG samples are collected to perform single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) and identify a unique cell subpopulation marked by CDC20, KIF20A and PTTG1, correlating with poor survival in multiple cohorts. Importantly, the CDC20+KIF20A+PTTG1+ cell subpopulation is strongly associated with transforming LGG to GBM according to scRNA-seq and multiplexed immunofluorescence staining assays. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigations further hint that this cell subpopulation is critical to the proliferation and growth of gliomas, and is associated with the hypoxia core activation. Pharmaceutically and therapeutically, the inhibition of this cell subpopulation showed significant anti-tumor effects and effective enhancement of the Temozolomide treatment efficiency. These findings provide insights into the therapeutic strategies of glioma progression, highlighting promising ways to avoid early-stage gliomas developing into advanced gliomas.

Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are clinically common chronic orthopedic diseases. With the aging of the global population, OP and OA pose a serious threat to human health. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells and can mediate inter-cell communication. Recent research has shown that plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles (PELNs) can affect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes, regulate the immune system and inhibit inflammatory responses, and have potential value in treating OP and OA. This article summarizes the basic concepts, formation and components, separation and characterization methods of PELNs, and focuses on discussing the impact of PELNs on OP and OA, aiming to provide new ideas for the research of OP and OA.

Eco-friendly clay-based adsorbents with low cost and high adsorption capacity for toxic dyes have attracted significant attention. In this study, a novel citric acid-modified sepiolite (CA-SEP) composite was developed for the efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The morphological, crystalline, and structural properties of the composite were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. Compared to pristine SEP, CA-SEP exhibited a 2.6-fold increase in adsorption capacity for MB and demonstrated excellent reusability. The effects of key parameters—including solution pH (2.0–10.0), contact time (0–300 min), adsorbent dosage (0.2–2.0 g/L), and initial MB concentration (10–150 mg/L)—on adsorption performance were systematically investigated. Modeling results indicated that the Sips isotherm provided the optimal fit for the equilibrium data. In kinetic studies, the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of CA-SEP for MB was estimated to be 40.61 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorbent retained high removal efficiency after five adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating good regenerability. These results indicate that CA-SEP is a highly efficient, sustainable, and economically viable adsorbent for the elimination of MB from contaminated water.

Tendon injuries are pervasive orthopedic injuries encountered by the general population. Nonetheless, recovery after severe injuries, such as Achilles tendon injury, is limited. Consequently, there is a pressing need to devise interventions, including biomaterials, that foster tendon healing. Regrettably, tissue engineering treatments have faced obstacles in crafting appropriate tissue scaffolds and efficacious nanomedical approaches. To surmount these hurdles, an innovative injectable hydrogel (CP@SiO2), comprising puerarin and chitosan through in situ self-assembly, is pioneered while concurrently delivering mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tendon healing. In this research, CP@SiO2 hydrogel is employed for the treatment of Achilles tendon injuries, conducting extensive in vivo and in vitro experiments to evaluate its efficacy. This reults demonstrates that CP@SiO2 hydrogel enhances the proliferation and differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells, and mitigates inflammation through the modulation of macrophage polarization. Furthermore, using histological and behavioral analyses, it is found that CP@SiO2 hydrogel can improve the histological and biomechanical properties of injured tendons. This findings indicate that this multifaceted injectable CP@SiO2 hydrogel constitutes a suitable bioactive material for tendon repair and presents a promising new strategy for the clinical management of tendon injuries.

Both osteoporosis and tendinopathy are widely prevalent disorders, encountered in diverse medical contexts. Whilst each condition has distinct pathophysiological characteristics, they share several risk factors and underlying causes. Notably, oxidative stress emerges as a crucial intersecting factor, playing a pivotal role in the onset and progression of both diseases. This imbalance arises from a dysregulation in generating and neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to an abnormal oxidative environment. Elevated levels of ROS can induce multiple cellular disruptions, such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis activation and reduced cell function, contributing to tissue deterioration and weakening the structural integrity of bones and tendons. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow down the oxidation process, including Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, anthocyanins and so on, demonstrating potential in treating these overlapping disorders. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex role of oxidative stress within the interlinked pathways of these comorbid conditions. By integrating contemporary research and empirical findings, our objective is to outline new conceptual models and innovative treatment strategies for effectively managing these prevalent diseases. This review underscores the importance of further in-depth research to validate the efficacy of antioxidants and traditional Chinese medicine in treatment plans, as well as to explore targeted interventions focused on oxidative stress as promising areas for future medical advancements.

Background Aberrant DNA methylation is a vital molecular alteration commonly detected in type I endometrial cancers (EC), and tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) play significant roles in DNA demethylation. However, little is known about the function and correlation of TET2 and 5hmC co-expressed in EC. This study intended to investigate the clinical significance of TET2 and 5hmC in EC. Methods The levels of TET2 and 5hmC were detected in 326 endometrial tissues by immumohistochemistry, and the correlation of their level was detected by Pearson analysis. The association between the levels of TET2 and 5hmC and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. Prognostic value of TET2 and 5hmC was explored by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Based on the analysis results, TET2 protein level was positively correlated with 5hmC level in EC tissues ( r = 0.801, P < 0.001). TET2 + 5hmC + (high TET2 and high 5hmC) association was significantly associated with well differentiation, myometrial invasion, negative lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage in EC. Association of TET2 and 5hmC was confirmed as a prognostic factor (HR = 2.843, 95%CI = 1.226–3.605, P = 0.007) for EC patients, and EC patients with TET2 − 5hmC − level had poor overall survival. Conclusions In summary, the association of TET2 and 5hmC was downregulated in EC tissues, and may be a potential poor prognostic indicator for EC patients. Combined detection of TET2 and 5hmC may be valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of EC.

Background: Intracranial infection is one of the most serious complications after pituitary neoplasm resection. However, the quality of the evidence for existing preventive measures varies significantly, and the related content is scattered, and the scope is broad. Nurses lack the specificity and targeted guidance for preventing intracranial infections after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS), and nurses find that evidence necessitates screening and identification during its application, and it is challenging to utilize current tool for guiding clinical practice. Thus, the protocols for preventing intracranial infection after EETS required further refinement. The aim of this study is to summarize the relevant evidence for preventing postoperative intracranial infections after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary neoplasm resection, in order to reduce the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection and provide a reference for clinical medical staff. Methods: We systematically searched a variety of platforms, including British Medical Journal Best Practice, UpToDate, DynaMed, Guidelines International Network, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence based Healthcare Center Database, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Medlive, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese biomedical literature service system (Sinomed) to collect clinical decisions, relevant guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and expert consensus documents on the prevention of intracranial infection in this context according to the 6S evidence model. The search included literature published up to December, 2023. Then conduct literature screening and evaluation, extract and summarize relevant evidence on perioperative prevention of intracranial infection after EETS from the selected literature. Two researchers applied the JBI levels of evidence preappraisal system (2014 version) to categorize the included evidence into five levels (level 1a being the highest and level 5c being the lowest). Results: A total of 16 pieces of literature were reviewed, including 6 clinical decision-makings, 2 guidelines, 2 systematic reviews, and 6 expert consensus documents. Ultimately, 24 pieces of best evidence for preventing intracranial infections after EETS for pituitary adenomas were formed, and they will be divided into four categories: multidisciplinary collaboration, preoperative evaluation and informed consent, intraoperative prevention and control, and postoperative observation and prevention. Conclusions: This summarized the best evidence for preventing intracranial infection after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary neoplasms resection. Summary of the best evidence for preventing intracranial infections following EETS plays a critical role in enhancing surgical success, optimizing patient management, fostering multidisciplinary collaboration, advancing research, and improving patient satisfaction. It is recommended that medical staff select and apply the evidence in clinical practice in order to avoid the occurrence of intracranial infections.

Handan has been one of the most polluted cities in China since 2013 and became the top city for PM2.5 in 2017. In this research, we observed coarse particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), submicron particulate matter (PM1), and the chemical composition of PM2.5 from November 16, 2015, till March 14, 2016, in Handan. During the observation period, hourly concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 peaked at 1070.1, 864.4, and 519.5 µg m–3, respectively. Severe pollution occurred on a large fraction of days in the heating season, which was characterized by frequent and long-lasting pollution episodes. A large fraction of the transport trajectories during nine typical episodes during that period in Handan were from the northwest. Water-soluble ions (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) in PM2.5 accounted for the largest proportion at all pollution levels. The highest proportion of SIA occurred in a heavily polluted episode, during which it was as high as 50.0

Purpose - This study aims to study the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance in direct-eating food and analysis of Citrobacter freundii genome and pathogenicity. Residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment severely threaten human health and the ecological environment. The diseases caused by foodborne pathogenic bacteria are increasing daily, and the enhancement of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria poses many difficulties in the treatment of disease. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, six fresh fruits and vegetable samples were selected for isolation and identification of culturable bacteria and analysis of antibiotic resistance. The whole genome of Citrobacter freundii isolated from cucumber was sequenced and analyzed by Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Findings - The results show that 270 strains of bacteria were identified in 6 samples. From 12 samples of direct food, 2 kinds of probiotics and 10 kinds of opportunistic pathogens were screened. The proportion of Citrobacter freundii screened from cucumber was significantly higher than that from other samples, and it showed resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Whole genome sequencing showed that Citrobacter freundii was composed of a circular chromosome containing signal peptides, transmembrane proteins and transporters that could induce antibiotic efflux, indicating that Citrobacter freundii had strong adaptability to the environment. The detection of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes is more beneficial to the growth and reproduction of Citrobacter freundii in crops. A total of 29 kinds of ARGs were detected in Citrobacter freundii, mainly conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenem, cephalosporins and macrolides. The main mechanisms are the change in antibiotic targets and efflux pumps, the change in cell permeability and the inactivation of antibiotics and the detection of virulence factors and ARGs, further indicating the serious risk to human health. Originality/value - The detection of genomic islands and prophages increases the risk of horizontal transfer of virulence factors and ARGs, which spreads the drug resistance of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria more widely.