This study utilizes ambient air quality monitoring data from 13 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province to systematically analyze the pollution characteristics and dynamic evolution of ozone (O3) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). The findings reveal that overall air quality in Heilongjiang Province has improved substantially in recent years. The concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and CO in 2023 decreased significantly compared with 2015, with an average reduction of 38.7%. However, O3 concentrations have continued to rise, indicating that O3 pollution has become an increasingly pressing environmental concern. On an annual scale, the monthly average O3 concentration in 2023 displayed a “clear single-peak” pattern, reaching its maximum in June, at a concentration of 139 μg/m3. In contrast, the monthly average NMHC concentration exhibited a “distinct double-peak” pattern, with elevated levels in January and December, at 59.4 and 48.35 μg/m3, respectively. From an hourly perspective, the highest O3 concentrations across the 13 cities occurred between 11:00 and 17:00, while NMHC concentrations showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, during the heating season (October to April of the following year), O3 and NMHC concentrations increased by 0.78 and 1.56 times, respectively, compared with the non-heating season. In terms of ambient air quality levels, both O3 and NMHC concentrations exhibited a gradual upward trend under conditions of “excellent”, “good”, and “light pollution”. However, under “moderate pollution”, “heavy pollution”, and “severe pollution” levels, O3 and NMHC concentrations exhibited irregular patterns, likely due to the interaction of multiple complex factors. O3 pollution follows a “central concentration and peripheral diffusion” pattern, reflecting the combined influence of human activities and natural conditions. In contrast, NMHC concentrations display pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with low levels in the west and high levels in the east, primarily driven by regional differences in industrial structure and environmental conditions. In summary, this study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of O3 and NMHC pollution in Heilongjiang Province and their complex relationship with air quality levels, providing a scientific basis for future pollution prevention and control strategies. Subsequent research should focus on identifying the underlying causes of pollution to develop more precise and effective mitigation measures, thereby continuously improving ambient air quality in the province.

随着国民经济水平的提升,物联网技术得到了快速发展,生态环境监测工作随之得到了质的飞跃.物联网技术的科学应用是当代环境监测工作中的关键部分,对环境监测质量、监测效率等具有直接影响.因此,现代生态环境监测机构必须及时进行管理理念的创新,发挥物联网技术的价值,稳定提高生态环境质量.并结合实际环境情况对生态环境进行优化,从而确保生态环境的长期合理发展.本文针对物联网技术在生态环境监测中的应用进行了详细分析.

The main of this work investigated the levels, emission sources, and associated health risks of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) closed urban traffic trunk from June 2017 to November 2018. The seasonal variation trend for total VOCs (TVOCs) concentrations was autumn > winter > summer > spring. During the daily fluctuations in summer, the TVOC concentrations appeared to be the highest at midnight and the lowest at 14:00. In spring, autumn, and winter, the concentrations of TVOCs reached the highest levels at 06:00 and dropped to the lowest levels at 14:00 to 15:00; then, the levels increased after 20:00. Aromatics were the most important types of ambient VOCs for the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source analysis indicated that the traffic emission accounted for 28.9% of TVOCs, followed by combustion (24.7%), industrial (21.3%), gasoline volatilization (12.4%), and solvent (11.7%) sources. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks via inhalation exposure to the selected 10 toxic VOCs may be of more concern for residents nearby traffic trunk in Harbin in autumn.

Every city in the world faces pollution problems caused by traffic congestion almost every day. Platinum group elements (PGE) have been accumulating in the urban environment as catalytic converters for automobile exhaust emissions control. This study aims to determine the temporal variations of airborne particulate matter (PM)-bound PGE [Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh)] in areas close to traffic congestion hotspots. Compared with the morning peak time, the concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh in outdoor airborne PM samples (PM2.5) collected in winter during the evening peak time increased by 35.03%, 37.45% and 75.47%, respectively, and the corresponding indoor environment was 9.33%, 6.93% and 71.36%, respectively. Significant temporal variations of PM2.5-bound Pt, Pd, and Rh concentrations were observed during the time period of the Spring Festival. From before to during the Spring Festival, the outdoor environment Pt, Pd, and Rh concentrations sharply decreased by 172.1%, 14.72% and 22.96%, respectively, while the indoor environment decreased by 228.0%, 300.6% and 129.5%, respectively. From a seasonal perspective, among PM2.5 collected from the outdoor environment, PGE concentrations are the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The temporal variation of the ratios (Pt/Pd, Pt/Rh, and Pd/Rh) indicates that PM2.5-bound Pd concentration increased in the vicinity of traffic congestion. Further, the increased diesel-based trucks with Pt-dominant catalytic converters may contribute to PM2.5-bound Pt detected in the autumn and winter of the alpine area (e.g. Harbin).

Carp from Jiamusi section of Songhua River were collected to analyze and evaluate the residues of heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in muscle tissue. The results showed that 100% of heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were up to standard, and a small amount of volatile organic compounds were detected. The structure and morphology of fish tissue samples were not abnormal, and the structure of nucleus and cytoplasm was normal. No pathological changes or morphological abnormalities were found. Fish were healthy.

We collected 170 samples of airborne fine particulate matter from five coal-producing cities and one oil-producing city in northern China during both heating and non-heating periods to quantify the concentrations of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, estimate their bioaccessible fraction, and calculate the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of this fraction. The major sources of the particulate matter were analyzed using the chemical mass balance model. We found that the main emission sources were coal combustion during the heating period and open sources during the non-heating period. The ILCR was initially calculated as 2.65 x 10(-9) for coal-producing cities and 4.60 x 10(-9) for the oil-producing city during the heating period and 1.17 x 10(-8) and 3.34 x 10(-8), respectively, during the non-heating period. When only the bioaccessible fraction was used, the ILCR in coal-producing cities and the oil-producing city decreased by 87.2% and 82.1%, respectively, for the heating period and by 89.0% and 80.1%, respectively, for the non-heating period. The findings suggest that bioaccessibility should be considered when assessing the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study provides insights into the contribution of major emission sources to air pollution related to the long-term exploitation, transportation, and use of coal and oil. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

在我国经济快速发展的同时,环境保护工作也得到了全社会的关注.对于水环境保护工作来说,因其与民众的健康有着直接关系,所以做好水环境监测工作就显得特别重要.在水环境监测工作中,遥感技术的不断完善,使之成了水环境监测工作中最常使用的技术形式.基于此,本文将对遥感技术进行全面性的阐述,并对遥感技术在水环境监测中的应用进行深入探讨,以供参考.

Heavy metals (HM) pollution is a major limitation to the application of composting products. Therefore, mitigating the toxicity of HM has attracted wide attention during composting. The toxicity of HM is mainly acted on microorganisms during composting, and the toxicity of different HM speciation is obviously various. There are many pathways to change the speciation to reduce the toxicity during composting. Therefore, in this review, the speciation distribution, toxicity mechanism and remediation ways of HM during composting were discussed in order to better solve HM pollution. The microbial remediation technology holds enormous potential to remediate for HM without damaging composting, however, it is hard to extract HM. The innovation of this review was to outline microbial remediation strategies for HM during composting based on two mechanisms of microbial remediation: extracellular adsorption and intracellular sequestration, to solve the problem how to extract microbial agents from the compost. Ultimately, a novel theoretical method of microbial remediation was proposed to remove HM from the compost.

本研究采用滴定法和气相分子吸收光谱法分别测定水质高锰酸盐指数,对比两种方法的原理、实验过程、干扰因素,标准样品、实际样品的数据一致性等,分析两种方法的不同,以选择较适用的测定方法.

The aim of this study was to remove heavy metals from composting system using a novel method combined functional bacteria with adsorbent materials. Four types of adsorbent materials were selected in this study. Results showed that Cr had significant removal efficiency, especially in sponge treatment (19.09%) and cotton treatment (26.36%). In addition, a significant movement of heavy metals from the outside to adsorbent column was also observed. RDA results indicated that bands 1, 2, 10, 18, 19 and 20 had negative correlations with six types of heavy metals, which contributed to the removal of heavy metals. Structural equation models further confirmed functional bacteria can directly affect the removal of Cu, Cd and Cr. In addition, it can also indirectly remove Pb and Cr by changing native bacteria. In summary, this study suggested the combination of functional bacteria and adsorbent materials was effective to remove heavy metals from composting system.

The article selected the Songlin,Dadingzishan,Jiamusi, three representative points in the Songhua River basin,with wild fish as investigated subject,s amples of carp and crucian carp were collected from 2014 to 2016 at the end of May and the beginning of June of each year,and a total of 119 samples were prepared in 3 years,among which 45 samples were carp,44 mixed carp and 30 mixed crucian carp. The five kinds of heavy metals of As,Cd,Cr,Pb and Hg residues in fish muscle tissues were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Hg all detected, the test results were all up to standard, the standard rate of 100％. According to the results,single factor index method and metal pollution index method were used to evaluate the status of heavy metal residue in fish and food safety in the Songhua River basin,and showed that the amount of heavy metals in the Songhua River basin was relatively small,and the fish is safe as food.

This study aims to explore the effect of Fenton pretreatment on organic fractions, enzymes activities and microbial communities during composting. In this study, rice straw was chosen to be composted after pretreatment. The results indicated that Fenton pretreatment significantly increased the degradation of organic matter and coarse fiber contents, which might be the reason that Fenton pretreatment enhanced lignocellulose-degrading enzymes activities during composting, including CMCase, FPase, xylanase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase and laccase. Additionally, Fenton pretreatment reshaped bacteria community. The key enzymes and environmental factors, which affected organic fractions degradation were identified by redundancy analysis. Furthermore, structural equation modeling and variation partitioning analysis further revealed possible mechanisms of organic fractions degradation in different treatments during composting. In summary, the combined application Fenton pretreatment and composting improved lignocellulose degradation efficiency, which provided for an effective and environment-friendly way to manage lignocellulose wastes.

The aim of this study was to explore the conversion characteristics of neutral sugars during different lignocellulose wastes composting from rice straw (RS), leaf (L) and mushroom dreg (MD). The results showed that the changes of neutral sugars were different during different wastes composting, but the changes of various hexose or pentose were similar during composting of the same material. The diversity of bacterial community led to different conversion characteristics of neutral sugars. During RS composting, each neutral sugar was transformed by a specific group of bacteria. However, a group of bacteria could transform multiple neutral sugars during MD and L composting. Furthermore, GM/AX value was first applied to composting, which could be used to characterize the conversion of neutral sugars during composting. This will help to provide more efficient recommendations for lignocellulose wastes treatment and accelerating humic substances synthesis during composting.

松花江哈尔滨段流域是哈尔滨市重要的水源地,也是松花江重要的组成部分,其生态环境问题一直受到国内外学者密切关注,且近年来松花江哈尔滨段水体改善程度较为明显,流域内水体变化程度越来越受到相关学者和民众的重视,研究松花江哈尔滨段水体变化趋势意义明显.该研究的创新性在于运用典范对应分析(CCA)探究藻类植物与环境因子变化的关系,并运用欧洲硅藻数据库(EDDI)验证主要环境因子的准确性.国内现行的一些常规理化指标单独评价水体质量较为单一,不能更好地满足现行的水环境管理要求,并且对于水环境的变化反应效果及准确度较低.该研究运用相关理化指标数据和藻类植物的种类及丰度等的年际变化,实现从单一理化指标评价改善为理化和生物指标双重评价,从而更加具体地反映出松花江哈尔滨段水体状况的变化趋势.

为研究烟花爆竹燃放对哈尔滨市区空气质量的影响,及时捕捉污染过程的变化趋势并分析污染的成因,2016年2月7-9日对哈尔滨市区内4个监测点位(省监测站、松北商大、动力和平路和省农科院)颗粒物浓度变化趋势进行解析,同时结合单颗粒气溶胶飞行质谱仪、3D可视激光雷达等相关仪器分析结果进一步确定污染成因.结果表明,连续监测期间4个监测点位均出现重度污染时段,且与除夕夜烟花爆竹集中燃放时间高度吻合,说明烟花爆竹的集中燃放会在短时间内造成严重的大气污染;同时烟花爆竹的燃放会对颗粒物化学组分造成明显的影响,受影响最大的是Mg2+和Cl-,且在燃放期有机碳、元素碳、混合碳占比升高.

There had been continuous ash haze weather on November 1-4 of 2015 in Harbin and surrounding areas,and the particle concentration was dramatically increased.The pollution monitoring instruments were set 30 km upwind of urban Harbin and carried out continuous monitoring analysis for 96 hours when the pollution happened.Combined with meteorological observation data,3D visual laser radar monitoring data and ground air pollution monitoring data,the meteorological conditions and pollution boundary layer characteristics of ash haze weather were analyzed,and then its source apportionment was carried out according to the local atmospheric pollutant emission spectrum database.Finally the effects of straw burning on ash haze weather were analyzed with particle mass concentration and meteorological conditions.The results showed that during the ash haze weather period,biomass combustion at night became the second largest source of particulate matter in the local region.Due to longtime static wind on the ground and reduced pollution boundary layer,the local pollutants from straw burning were accumulated and not easy to spread,this haze weather was aggravated.

River basin management agency is mostly separated in accordance with the local authorities fragmentation by our existing monitoring and management mode, and especially in accordance with the administrative region, a complete basin was mam-made separated,resulting in more cross responsibilities and rights,which is difficult for unified planning and coordinated management. In order to protect accordingly the each ecological region and the system characteristics,water ecological resources should be developed and utilized reasonably, and then to develop economy and plan ecological resources sustainably. Based on AEFRWS requirements,the characteristics and experiences of state-controlled and province-controlled quality manual and au-tomatic monitoring system and evaluation target system,basin water environment monitoring and evaluation study were carried out based in aquatic ecological function regionalization,and"Preparation instructions based in technical guidelines of drainage basin water environment monitoring and evaluation for the aquatic ecological function regionalization"was compile. The paper was aimed to construct water environmental quality evaluation index and evaluation methods of the key basin,and to form a kind of wa-ter environment assessment model based in the aquatic ecological function regionalization whose goal was water pollution control and water quality improvement,and finally in order to provide reference for our other basin water environment assessment.

The algae community structure of Songhua Rivers and its tributaries during 2012-2015 were studied in this paper.The algae of the monitored area rivers are mainly composed of bacillariophyta and chlorophyta plants,most of the river cross section of the dominant species are bacillariophyta plants.This conforms to the community distribution characteristics of the river,most belong to common in freshwater species.Lake in the library,the dominant species is chlorophyta more plants,the variety of individual section collected few,explain water condition is bad,in general,species richness in monitoring area is higher,the community structure is relatively stable.The diversity index showed that the evaluation results of the individual sections were light to moderate pollution,and the diversity of water area was good,and the distribution was uniform.

针对我省入境流域肇源,全面开展了十一五期间枯、平、丰水期的河流水环境现状调查,采用秩相关系数法对水环境现状进行评价.研究表明:肇源境内“十一五”期间主要污染因子为高锰酸盐指数、石油类、氨氮和生化需氧量.

根据测量不确定度评定与表示理论,对吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的不确定度进行了评定,以水中氯仿为例进行分析,通过对测量重复性、使用注射器、标准曲线拟合等影响测量结果的不确定度分量的分析和量化,求得水中挥发性有机物测定结果的相对合成标准不确定度.目的是建立吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的不确定度评定方法,以评定测量结果的质量.该不确定度评定方法在实际工作中具有较强的实用价值.