A mild and eco-friendly method for the construction of carbonyl-containing quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones has been developed in the presence of O2, photocatalyzed by reusable 4CzIPN in visible light. The method is transition-metal free, cost-effective, sustainable and gives the products in moderate to high yields.

Singlet oxygen (1O2) and base assisted conversion of β-enaminoesters to α-acyloxy-β-ketoesters is demonstrated under visible light irradiation. The reaction involves formation of an imine intermediate via ene-type pathway initiated by 1O2 followed by base promoted dimerization and hydrolysis steps. The method is mild, environmentally friendly, requires air as the oxidant, and gives the products in moderate to high yields.

We report a one-step approach for the conversion of β-enaminonitriles to synthetically versatile α-keto amides in moderate to high yields under visible light irradiation photosensitized by porphyrins. The method is mild, cost-effective, and sustainable and requires air as the sole reagent/oxidant. The reaction is believed to proceed via an ene-type pathway initiated by 1O2, followed by dehydration, imine hydrolysis, and subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the cyanide group by amine. The method offers a broad substrate scope and has also been extended for synthesis of α-keto esters with aliphatic alcohols as nucleophiles. The porphyrin recovered after the reaction can be reused multiple times.

There have been significant advancements in the designs of processors and the tools used to produce and modify them. The issues related to using wall, dark silicon, and hardware reconfiguration along with code change have motivated progress in this area. These factorsare crucial for microprocessor-based electronic projects and products that need significant, real-time, and mobile computational power in today's world. Efforts have also been madetolower the communication overhead in key areas of code through the use of specializedhardware and significantly decrease the fetch decode cycle. Recent studies have demonstratedthat addressing both types of communication delays and addressing the issue of darksiliconcan enhance power efficiency by 7 to 1000 times.

This research investigates the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an AI language model by OpenAI, in translating English into Hindi, Telugu, and Kannada languages, aimed at assisting tourists in India's linguistically diverse environment. To measure the translation quality, a test set of 50 questions from diverse fields such as general knowledge, food, and travel was used. These were assessed by five volunteers for accuracy and fluency, and the scores were subsequently converted into a BLEU score. The BLEU score evaluates the closeness of a machine-generated translation to a human translation, with a higher score indicating better translation quality. The Hindi translations outperformed others, showcasing superior accuracy and fluency, whereas Telugu translations lagged behind. Human evaluators rated both the accuracy and fluency of translations, offering a comprehensive perspective on the language model's performance.

The work entitled “Progression of powdery mildew of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in relation to weather parameters” was carried out in Agriculture Research Farm, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India during Rabi 2020-21 season. As infection and development of a disease depends on the favourable environmental conditions hence, relationship between powdery mildew of Indian mustard and weather factors was evaluated in Ganga, Varuna, Giriraj and RH-0749 varieties of Indian mustard in which maximum temperature between 25-30°C, minimum temperature >10°C with minimum relative humidity (RH) <50% favoured the development of powdery mildew in all the four varieties Indian mustard varieties. Individual and combined effects of different weather parameters on development of powdery mildew was evaluated using correlation and regression analysis. Percent disease index (PDI) of powdery mildew was positively correlated with the maximum and minimum temperature whereas, it was negatively correlated with maximum RH, minimum RH and rainfall in Indian mustard varieties Ganga, Varuna, Giriraj and RH-0749. Coefficient of determination (R2) explained that 96, 96, 95 and 96 % powdery mildew development was influenced by the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and rainfall in Indian mustard varieties Ganga, Varuna, Giriraj and RH-0749, respectively. Multiple linear regression equation was developed to find out the expected PDI of the disease based on the predictor weather variables. Correlation analysis explained that warmer temperature and lesser humidity favoured the development of powdery mildew in Indian mustard. Multiple linear regression model developed in current investigation may be utilized for development of powdery mildew prediction model in Indian mustard.

We introduce a new cross-modal fusion technique designed for generative error correction in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Our methodology leverages both acoustic information and external linguistic representations to generate accurate speech transcription contexts. This marks a step towards a fresh paradigm in generative error correction within the realm of n-best hypotheses. Unlike the existing ranking-based rescoring methods, our approach adeptly uses distinct initialization techniques and parameter-efficient algorithms to boost ASR performance derived from pre-trained speech and text models. Through evaluation across diverse ASR datasets, we evaluate the stability and reproducibility of our fusion technique, demonstrating its improved word error rate relative (WERR) performance in comparison to n-best hypotheses by relatively 37.66%. To encourage future research, we have made our code and pre-trained models open source at https://github.com/Srijith-rkr/Whispering-LLaMA.

The nature of inhibition, mechanism of adsorption and effect of concentration of nicotinamide (NCA) on corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Tafel plot reveals that NCA inhibits corrosion of mild steel and it acts as a mixed-typed inhibitor in acidic medium. The inhibition efficiency of NCA depends upon its concentration as well as temperature and it increases on increasing both concentration and temperature. The inhibition efficiency attained was 92.7% at 10-1 M at 328 K while it was 77.6% at 10-1 M at 298 K. The adsorption of NCA onto MS surface facilitates corrosion inhibition and the mechanism follows El-Awady adsorption isotherm model. The values of 0 Gads, Hads0and Sads0 indicate the involvement of chemisorption in the adsorption of inhibitor. The increase of charge transfer resistance from 2.404 ohm center dot cm2 in H2SO4 to 26.47 ohm center dot cm2 and decrease in electrical double layer capacitance from 55.62 center dot 10-4 F center dot cm-2 in H2SO4 to 7.45 center dot 10-4 F center dot cm-2 in the presence of 10-1 M NCA in EIS study signifies the mitigation of corrosion of MS. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the adsorption of NCA on MS and the development of the protective layer/film that leads to the corrosion inhibition. The mechanism of inhibition through the adsorption of NCA was also ascertained by quantum chemical calculation & density functional theory (DFT) studies. All the experimental and theoretical findings reveal that Nicotinamide is an efficient green inhibitor.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination of Fluticasone Furoate and Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Nasal Spray 27.5/50 mcg (FDC) with Fluticasone Furoate Nasal Spray 27.5 mcg (Fluticasone) in the management of allergic rhinitis. Patients and Methods:A prospective, randomized, double-blind, two-arm, active-controlled, parallel, multicenter, comparative clinical study was conducted in patients with allergic rhinitis aged 18 years and above having moderate-to-severe nasal congestion. Results:A total of 250 patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either the FDC or Fluticasone alone in a dose of two sprays in each nostril once daily at night. There was a significantly (P<0.001) greater reduction in night-time Total Nasal Symptom Score with the FDC as compared to Fluticasone at all the time points starting from as early as day 3 and sustained till the end of treatment (Day 28) (Day 3: -3.1 vs -2.2; Day 7: -4.0 vs -3.4; Day 14: -5.7 vs -5.0; Day 28: -7.0 vs -6.4). A significantly greater number of patients (P<0.05) had complete relief in Nasal Congestion with the FDC (44.7%) as compared to Fluticasone (26.8%). Both the study medications were well tolerated by all the patients. The proportion of patients showing worsening of symptoms (rebound congestion/rhinitis medicamentosa) after stoppage of medication was similar in both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:The FDC was superior to Fluticasone alone in relieving the nasal congestion and reduction of Total Nasal Symptom Score in allergic rhinitis patients with moderate-to-severe nasal congestion when administered once daily in the evening. Oxymetazoline when used along with the nasal steroid in a once daily dose does not cause rebound congestion and rhinitis medicamentosa even after long-term continuous use of 28 days.

The present work deals with experimental determination of acoustical parameters to investigate the influence of structure of amines and ethers on thermodynamic properties of four hydrogen bonded complexes in n-hexane solvent at four different temperatures in the range 294.15 K-310.15 K. Benzyl amine (BA) and n-propyl amine (NPA) are used as H-donors while anisole (ANI) and diphenyl ether (DPE) act as H-acceptors. The existence of these H-bonded complexes in solution is also supported by UV spectral data. The formation constants (K) of the complexes determined by ultrasonic and UV-Vis. spectral methods at 303.15 K are comparable. Further, it is observed that the interactions in the aliphatic amine aromatic ether systems are stronger than aralkyl amine (BA) - ether systems. The thermodynamic parameters confirm that all the four complexes are thermodynamically stable and formation of these complexes is exothermic. The sign of Delta S shows there are strong intermolecular interactions between amines and ethers in n-hexane medium. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultrasonic study of four binary liquid mixtures, containing n-propyl amine (NPA) as the common component and four structurally different ethers [tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1, 4 dioxane (DIOX), anisole (ANI) and diphenyl ether (DPE)] as varying components is carried out over the entire mole fraction range at 303.15 K and at experimental pressure of 101 kPa. The acoustical and excess thermo acoustic parameters reveal the existence of H-bonded interactions in the four systems and the influence of non-covalent interactions on the constitutional arrangement of ether molecules. It is found that the H-bonded interactions with NPA are stronger in aromatic ethers (ANI, DPE) systems than those in alicyclic ethers systems (THF, DIOX), presented in the manuscript. The optimized molecular geometries of dimers of pure components and the amine-ether complexes are obtained through Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. The values of dipole moments and interaction energies reveal that the stabilization arises due to C-H---pi, C-H---O and C-H---N non covalent interactions (NCI) besides the classical NH OH bonding. The independent gradient model (IGM) analysis of the four systems shows structural dependent on the strength of the interactions. delta g(inte)(r) descriptors obtained from pro-molecular IGM method presented against sign(lambda(2))rho show the variation of interaction energies of complexes of NPA with structure of ethers. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mild and efficient ruthenium-catalyzed hydroxy-arylation of the terminal double bond of N-substituted 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones is described. The reaction takes place with aryl diazonium salt as the arylating reagent and water as the hydroxyl source in visible light at ambient temperature. The strategy entails vicinal difunctionalization of alkene and enables construction of 3-benzyl-3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one heterocyclic scaffolds in moderate to good yields. C-C and C-O bonds are formed in one pot without any external additive and oxidant through an in situ generation of a carbocation intermediate in green light.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological condition characterised clinically by recurrent seizures, facial asymmetry, hemiplegia and mental retardation likely due to foetal or early childhood cerebral insult. We describe the MRI findings of DDMS in a 10-year-old male child. MRI brain revealed right cerebral atrophy, ipsilateral thickening of calvarium, right lateral ventricular dilatation, hyper-pneumatisation of frontal sinus, and contralateral cerebellar atrophy which are consistent with DDMS.

Neurofibromatosis is a cancer predisposition syndrome that leads to an increased risk of certain neural tumors. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) presents with multiple neurofibromas which may be dermal or plexiform. Neurofibromatosis type 2 is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Pituitary masses have been infrequently described in cases of NF-1. We describe the case of an incidentally discovered pituitary macroadenoma in a patient with NF-1. Apart from the macroadenoma, the patient had plexiform neurofibromas of the orbit, Lisch nodules of the iris, and café-au-lait spots. The patient was called for medical management but failed to show due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Weed management in plum orchard is an important practice which is accomplished by mechanical means (tillage, mowing etc.), mulching, use of herbicides and growing cover crops or combination of two or more methods. The conventional method of hand weeding is costly and time-consuming. Cover crops compete for moisture with main fruit crop and affect crop production. Herbicides are a more effective and economical method of weed management. In our research ten different treatments i.e. hand weeding, grass mulching and different herbicide doses were studied for their potential for successful control of weeds. Among the weed management practices, grass mulching was found promising and effective for enhancing growth, yield and quality parameters of plum and was statistically on par with pendimethalin 30% EC (Pendamil) @ 2.65 L ha-1 followed by paraquate dichloride 24% SL (Gramoxone) @ 2.5 L ha-1.

Experimental (acoustical) and theoretical (DFT) analyses have been undertaken to unravel the possibility of hydrogen bonded complexes of isopropylamine (IPA) with two industrially important cyclic ethers, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4 dioxane (DIOX) in n - hexane at 303.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The trend in acoustical and excess parameters with concentration revealed the dominance of structure breaking behavior of like molecules of solute components and formation of intermolecular H-bonding between IPA and ethers in the two ternary systems at room temperature. The data obtained through DFT studies further support the existence of intermolecular H-bond between amine and ethers. The strength of interactions has been assessed from the formation constants (K) determined by acoustic method and interaction energies by DFT respectively. The reduced density gradient (RDG) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) plots clearly exhibit the presence of intermolecular interactions in the twosystems. The stability of these complexes and the strength of the interactions are explained with the structure of ether. Comparison of K and interaction energy values in the present study with those obtained in n-propylamine interactions with ethers showed steric effect in the formation of complex of IPA with the two ethers. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The structure breaking behavior in n-propyl amine (NPA) and formation of hydrogen bonded complexes between NPA and two industrially important cyclic ethers, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4 dioxane (DIOX) are analyzed through ultrasonic velocity (u), density (rho) and viscosity (eta) measurements in n - hexane medium at 303.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Various acoustical and excess thermo-acoustical parameters are computed and their variations with concentration confirmed the presence of relatively strong intermolecular interactions between amine and ether molecules. Stability constants (K) of these complexes are determined by ultrasonic method to assess the strength of the interactions. Extensive DFT analysis is carried out on the optimized geometry of the component molecules and also their complexes in n-hexane. Computed hydrogen bond parameters support the observations made in experimental ultrasonic investigations. NCl and RDG plots for the complexes are discussed in the light of possible non covalent interactions. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the treatment with gentamicin (GM) is very common in hospitalized patients. Green coffee bean, containing chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been reported to improve non communicable diseases. In the present study, CGA enriched fraction of green coffee bean was evaluated on GM induced nephrotoxicity in rats. It was a preclinical case-controlled experimental intervention conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India from 2016-2019 using animal model. CGA content of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) was isolated and quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) (6.426%). The rats were treated with GCBE at the dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg in gentamicin (GM) induced AKI for five consecutive days. At day 6, the renal function was assessed through analysing urine, blood and renal tissues. GCBE dose dependently and significantly (p<0.001) lowered blood urea, creatinine and potassium while, enhanced sodium compared to AKI control. Moreover, it showed significant elevation in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduction in lipid peroxides (p<0.001). It was suggested that chlorogenic acid of green coffee seed can protect kidney through down regulation of p53 transcription factor and thereby attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic process in renal tubules.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease characterized by hyperglycemia. The type 1 and type 2 DM are two different conditions with insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, respectively. It may cause atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction and other relevant complications. It also features neurological degeneration with autonomic dysfunction to meet metabolic demand. The autonomic balance controls the physiological variables that exhibit nonlinear dynamics. Thus, in current work, nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in prognosis of diabetes using artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) have been demonstrated. The digital lead-I electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded from male Wister rats of 10–12 week of age and 200±20 gm of weight from control (n=5) as well as from Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats (n=5). A total of 526 datasets were computed from the recorded ECG data for evaluating thirteen nonlinear HRV parameters and used for training and testing of ANN. Using these parameters as inputs, the classification accuracy of 86.3% was obtained with an ANN architecture (13:7:1) at learning rate of 0.01. While relatively better accuracy of 90.5% was observed with SVM to differentiate the diabetic and control subjects. The obtained results suggested that nonlinear HRV parameters show distinct changes due to diabetes and hence along with machine learning tools, these can be used for development of noninvasive low-cost real-time prognostic system in predicting diabetes using machine learning techniques.