Figure S5 shows the in vivo antitumor activity of KPT-9724 in K422 xenotransplants

Figure S4 shows the NAMPT, PARP1 and NAMPT/PARP ratio in COO-classified DLBCL cases

Figure S3 shows the transcript levels of NAD synthetic and degradation enzymes in DLBCL lines.

Fig. S2 shows the results of the metabolomic profiling

Figure S1 shows the subtype specificity of drugs in the sensitivity screen

Soil salinity is one of the significant challenges affecting seed germination, growth, physiology, and crop productivity worldwide. Horsegram is known for its higher tolerance to stress conditions than other legumes and therefore is a potential pulse and fodder crop in salt-affected areas. During this study, 25 horsegram genotypes were screened under a controlled environment to identify salt-tolerant and sensitive genotypes based on the salt tolerance index and membership function value of 10-day-old seedlings. DH-22 and DH-29 were identified as salt-tolerant, while DH-11 and DH-12 were identified as salt-sensitive genotypes. These genotypes were further analyzed under 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl treatments to examine various growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters. The analysis revealed that the tolerant genotypes exhibited higher root and shoot length, dry and fresh weight, relative water content, chlorophyll and carotenoids content, free proline and phenolic content, and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase. Further, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, and percent ion leakage decreased in the tolerant genotypes than in the sensitive genotypes. Additionally, the tolerant genotypes displayed less cell death and lower accumulation of H2O2 and superoxide ions in histochemical staining, which may play a vital role in cellular protection during salt stress tolerance.

Grain legumes are a rich source of dietary proteins and hence are essential for achieving food and nutritional security, worldwide. Grain legumes are negatively affected by salt stress, which results in decreased growth, yield, productivity, and other financial losses. Salt stress causes severe phytotoxicities, like specific ion toxicities, hormonal and nutritional imbalances, disruptions of stomatal conductance, and alterations in leaf water potential and rate of photosynthesis. To enhance agricultural productivity under salt stress conditions, several ecofriendly methods have been tried recently. Out of these, the use of biostimulants gained particular attention due to their ease of availability and high-stress ameliorative potential. It includes the use of non-microbial biostimulants like humic acid and seaweed extracts (SWE), as well as microbial biostimulants like mycorrhiza, plant growth-promoting and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which promote plant growth and development. Biostimulants successfully alleviate salt stress-induced toxicities in legumes, when introduced either alone or in combination with other macro- or microorganisms in the soil. In response to salinity, plants raise their cellular levels of osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) and polyamines, as well as phytohormones. The application of biostimulants in grain legumes alleviates the salt stress-induced toxicity by improving the seed germination, seedling growth, rate of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, absorption and uptake of minerals, grain development, yield, ROS homeostasis and osmoregulation. Many of the reviews have lacked the assessment of the effect of these ecofriendly biostimulants on mitigation of salt stress in grain legumes. The development of integrated, eco-friendly and sustainable use of various biostimulants and their mode of action in managing salt stress in legume production is discussed in the present review.

This paper investigates the theory of normal families in the setting of several complex variables, focusing on the total derivatives of holomorphic functions. We extend classical results, such as Zalcman’s Lemma and the Zalcman-Pang Lemma, to the case of several complex variables, providing new normality criteria for families of holomorphic functions in ℂ^n . As applications, we derive two normality theorems that highlight the relevance of our extended criteria.

The present study examines the impact of weeds on disease occurrence of Pepper Leaf Curl Bangladesh Virus (PLCBV) and its subsequent impact on growth, yield and biochemical parameters in chilli. The experiment was conducted at the agriculture farm of DAV University, Jalandhar. The field trial revealed a strong correlation between weed presence and leaf curl disease, with the highest disease incidence observed in open plots without weeding. The incidence of PLCBV, with the highest disease incidence (83.3%) was recorded 75 days after transplanting the chilli plants. The study highlighted the role of common weeds like Physalis spp., Solanum spp., Solanum spp. in higher disease incidence. Molecular identification of casual virus PLCBV was executed in chilli and weeds through PCR with degenerate primers. The key growth and yield parameters including plant height, fruit dimensions, number of fruits per plant, number of branches and overall yield were negatively impacted. Biochemical parameters such as photosynthetic pigment content, flavonoids, phenolic content, ascorbic acid, proline, protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also analyzed, along with the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). Results indicated that infected plants showed reduced plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, yield and content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, lycopene, carotenoid, ?-carotene and other beneficial compounds like flavonoids, phenolic content, ascorbic acid and protein compared to healthy plants. Conversely, proline content, MDA and enzymatic activities were higher in infected plants. The current study concludes that weeds and PLCBV exacerbated major negative and detrimental consequences in chilli in terms of biochemical, growth and yield parameters.

The present study explored the interaction between genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G x E) in determining grain iron content (GFeC), grain zinc content (GZnC), and grain yield per plot (GYPP) in wheat. Thirty-two genotypes were evaluated across eight contrasting environments, revealing significant phenotypic variation for all traits. GGE biplot and AMMI analyses identified Genotypes 14 ('EU 60') and 15 ('EU 61') as stable performers for micronutrient content, while Genotype 27 ('MP 1358') exhibited superior yield stability. A total of 113 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected, including 42 for GFeC, 23 for GZnC, and 48 for GYPP. Notably, marker trait association (MTAs) Xgwm468.1 and Xgwm538.1 were consistently associated with both GFeC and GZnC, while Xwmc382.4 was common to GFeC and GYPP, suggesting pleiotropy or tight linkage. Marker Xbarc74-5B was validated for GZnC, confirming its reliability for marker-assisted selection. These findings provide valuable genomic resources and phenotypic insights for future breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding, climate-resilient, and nutrient-rich wheat cultivars.

Hydro-dehalogenation (HDH) and deuteron-dehalogenation (DDH) are crucial transformations in organic synthesis, enabling the removal of halogen atoms from organic molecules and their substitution with hydrogen or deuterium, respectively. These reactions are widely applicable in modifying pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and complex natural products, as well as in detoxifying environmental pollutants. Due to their importance, extensive research has focused on developing efficient dehalogenation methods, with reductive dehalogenation being a particularly significant approach. A variety of transition metals, including palladium, zinc, cobalt, iridium, iron, and nickel, have been investigated for their roles in the hydro-dehalogenation and deuteron-dehalogenation of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl halides. In addition to transition-metal-catalyzed methods, several transition-metal-free strategies have also emerged. Recently, advances in photocatalytic and electrochemical techniques have further expanded the toolkit for dehalogenation. This review will delve into these innovative dehalogenation strategies developed in recent years, exploring their mechanisms and the diverse range of substrates they can effectively transform. With the advances in earth-abundant catalysts like Fe, Cu, and Mn reducing reliance on noble metals, hydrodehalogenation (HDH) reactions will provide a sustainable method of halide removal. Innovations in mechanistic understanding, milder conditions, green hydrogen sources, and selective dehalogenation broaden their applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and pollutant remediation.

The aim of research was to extract the starch from ginger. It contains gingerol, fat, starch and volatile oil. It is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber Officinale. Ginger is belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is an ancient Indian medicine used in several disorders. It is a popular spice with important nutraceuticals attributes is cultivated extensively in India. after extraction of starch from ginger. The obtained starch had a yield of 13%. The prepared starch was characterized by FTIR and TGA to investigate the chemical composition, thermal properties. From these findings results suggested that the ginger can be used to extract starch. Due to biodegradable and biocompatible in nature. It will be used for biodegradable film and biomedical applications.

Wheat serves as the primary source of staple food for the global human population, thus also making it a significant portion of the calorie intake in our daily vegetarian diets. However, in most of the improved wheat cultivars used for food, the grain is deficient in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Therefore, biofortification involving improvement of grain Fe and Zn has become an important area in the current wheat breeding programmes. For this purpose, efforts have been made to develop alien substitution lines and utilize them for transfer of desirable alien genes to improved wheat cultivars. In the present study, two such genotypes in the background of improved cultivar PBW343LrYr were utilized for pyramiding of the following six desirable genes for enrichment of grain Fe and Zn: IRT2, MTP3, IREG, FRO7, YSL15 and NAS2. A forward breeding strategy, involving crossing of the two genotypes followed by inbreeding was used. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the genes of interest associated with grain Fe/Zn and plant type was used following selfing of F1 hybrids. The grains of F6 lines that were derived in this programmes were rich in both Fe and Zn contents in the grain. Among the six best derived lines, the values of improved contents of grain Fe ranged from 47.3 to 60.4 ppm and that of Zn ranged from 39.35 to 47.85 ppm. There was no yield penalty in these improved lines, such that the yield was either equal or better than the checks used in field trials.

Horsegram is generally considered an underutilized, stress-resilient legume, with considerable variability in abiotic stress tolerance in its germplasm. To assess the levels of tolerance, genotypes were screened in controlled conditions. The study examines how tolerant and sensitive genotypes react morphologically and biochemically in natural environments. Our previous research identified contrasting genotypes including two salt stress-tolerant genotypes DH-22 and DH-29 and sensitive genotypes DH-11 and DH-12. Sensitive genotypes had light green, ovate, smooth-textured leaves, and straw-coloured mature stems and pods. In contrast, tolerant genotypes exhibited darker, linear, and hairy leaves, darker stems, and hairy, purple-green pods. Seed traits also differed, with sensitive genotypes having small, wrinkled, orange seeds, while tolerant genotypes had larger, smooth, dark brown or grey seeds with black spots. Tolerant genotypes also exhibited higher ash content, seed weight, germination rates, germination percentages, photosynthetic pigments, free proline, flavonoid and phenolic content, protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. In contrast, they showed lower ascorbic acid content, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde levels, percent ion leakage, superoxide anion content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as compared to sensitive genotypes. These morphological and biochemical differences between tolerant and sensitive genotypes provide insights into their stress tolerance ability in legumes. These morphological and biochemical attributes contributed to the superior stress tolerance observed in the tolerant genotypes compared to their sensitive counterparts, highlighting their potential for improving legume resilience in saline environments.

Global oilseed crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] contains 18%–20% oil, 40%–45% protein, and countless nutrients vital for human health. It is grown worldwide for food, feed, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. However, inherent loss of seed viability during ambient storage poses serious bottleneck in the production and maintenance of quality seeds. Understanding inheritance and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed viability would help in designing breeding program for developing varieties with higher viability of the seeds. In this study, attempt was made to map QTLs and identify candidate genes for seed viability in soybean. A high-viable genotype EC1023 (>90% germination after 1 year of storage) was hybridized with VLS61, a poor storing genotype (<70% germination after 1 year of storage), and the F1 seeds were advanced to the next generation. The F2:3 seeds were subjected to accelerated ageing (AA) by exposing it to 41°C at 100% RH for 72h followed by viability testing through germination test. After AA test, the germination of the parental genotypes EC1023 and VLS61 were 40% and 14%, respectively, and that of the F2:3 seeds ranged from 4.16% to 71.42% indicating wide variability in the viability of the seeds. Genetic polymorphism studied with 517 SSR markers indicated the polymorphism between the parental genotypes to be 20.35%; however, distribution of the polymorphism was not uniform across the chromosomes; Chr. 14 had 30.00% polymorphism as against 7.14% on Chrs.12. Through inclusive composite interval mapping approach, 8 QTL for seed viability, namely, qSv-6.1 and qSv-6.2, qSv-7.1, qSv-8.1, and qSv-8.2, qSv-10.1, qSv-13.1, and qSv-17.1 were mapped on Chrs. 6, 7, 8, 10, 13 and 17, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by the QTL were 1.97%–11.10%. Two QTL, namely, qSv-7.1 (PVE = 11.10%) and qSv13.1 (PVE = 11.08%) appeared to be major QTLs for seed viability and rest minor ones. All QTL except qSv8.2 appeared to be novel. The mapped QTLs were validated in 40 inter-specific RILs with varying level of seed viability. The SSR marker Satt538 linked to the QTL qSv8.2 could successfully (70%) separate the highly viable RILs from the poor-viable RILs. Similarly, SSR markers Sat_316 and Sat_173 were 80%–85% successful in separating the high and poor viable RILs. Based on Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), gene annotation information, and literature search, more than 500 candidate genes for seed viability underlying the mapped QTL were identified. The mapped QTL and the identified candidate genes will pave the way for marker-assisted breeding of soybean to generate genotypes with improved seed viability.

Ever since the concept of organic food got popular in the country, India has emerged as one of the largest markets in the world for organic food. The organic foods or products are healthy, do not contain chemicals or preservatives, are totally natural and much better than any form of non-organic food. Organic food is a product which is made without any help or any kind of pesticides, herbicides or insecticides. Since the organic food offers more health benefits than the conventional food, the Indian government is leading from the front to ensure multi-fold growth in organic market. This paper studies the consumer perception and attitude towards organic food purchase, their level of awareness regarding organic food and explores the factors that influence the organic food purchase behaviour of consumers. 100 samples were collected using non-probability convenience sampling method and same were used for data analysis. The results of data analysis show that increasing health consciousness, taste/preferences, product quality, and environmental concerns are major factors influencing the purchase of organic food in India. On the other hand, high prices, lack of awareness, authenticity issues, resources required for growing the organic food are some of the major challenges that come in the way of organic food.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient utilized by plants to support various metabolic processes during growth and development. Recent studies have revealed the pivotal role of inositol hexakis/pyrophosphates (InsP6-8), the derivatives of myo-inositol (MI), in facilitating the interaction between SYG1/PHO81/XPR1 (SPX) and phosphate starvation response (PHR) proteins. myo-Inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) catalyses the first committed step in MI biosynthesis. Although the role of MIPS genes in mediating stress responses in plants is well elucidated, their role in phosphate (Pi) deficiency remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates that out of the five MIPS genes encoded by the tomato genome, only SlMIPS2 is sharply induced at an early stage of Pi starvation in tomato seedlings. Silencing of SlMIPS2 led to improved seedling growth with enhanced total soluble Pi and total P levels in silenced plants under high Pi availability. SlMIPS2 silencing also caused a significant reduction in MI and InsP6 content in tomato seedlings. These seedlings with depleted InsP6 levels accumulated lower levels of SlSPX2 protein. In contrast, stabilized SlPHL1 levels were noticed in these plants, directly implicating this transcription factor in activating phosphate-starvation-inducible genes in the SlMIPS2-silenced seedlings, even under high Pi conditions. The results assign a novel role to SlMIPS2 in regulating cellular InsP6 levels and SPX-PHR interactions to control Pi homeostasis in tomato seedlings. In tomato the myo -inositol phosphate synthase gene SlMIPS2 is sharply induced early in phosphate starvation, and SlMIPS2 regulates cellular InsP6 levels and SPX-PHR1 interactions to control Pi homeostasis.