The need for orthopedic implants is increasing due to the rise in the number of accidents. As people begin to age, they begin to experience pain in their joints, bones, and wrists. If it is not managed with medication, an orthopedic implant may be deemed as the best solution. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard Research, the global market for orthopedic products in 2016 in US dollars was 4.20 billion. Industries seem to have an annual growth rate of 6.1 percent when compared with the previous year, which means the market is expected to reach 61.02 billion dollars by 2023. Therefore, the demand for orthopedic devices is significant and the quality of implants manufactured should be strictly controlled and checked for human health safety worldwide. Nowadays, the regulatory agencies also focus on every medical device manufacturing industry with highly stringent needs. Therefore, the knowledge of standards, validation, and differences between Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) is highly important. Therefore, this paper focuses on the importance of validation in detail for the safety of patients.

Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)

Background: Despite innovations in endovascular stroke treatment, less than 55% of patients have shown good outcomes in multiple randomized clinical trials. In this study we are validating the Interventional Stroke Assessment Scale for Eligibility in Endovascular Therapy (ISAS-ET). Materials: This is a retrospective analysis of all patients (n= 111) who presented to our hospital with ischemic stroke and received advanced stroke treatment between January 2013 and July 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. The scoring system was developed with a score range (0-8), where a high score predicts a better outcome. Patients received 2,1,0 points for collateral scores of 3-4, 2, 0-1 respectively; patients received 2, 1, 0 points for NIHSS scores of 0-10, 11-20 and over 21 respectively; age <65 received 1 point; absence of AFib received 1 point; time of onset <3 hours received 1 point; no prior stroke or disability received 1 point. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. A modified rankin scale (mRS) of 2 or less represented a good functional outcome. Mortality was defined as a mRS score of 6 and good disposition was defined as patient discharged to home or inpatient rehabilitation. All variables were included in the analysis. Results: Results for 59 patients included in this study are as follows: 61% female, mean age 74.0 ± 19.1, mean NIHSS 17.8 ± 7.2, 49.1% AFib and 10.1% mortality. We found a significant correlation between the ISAS-ET score and outcome (95% CI, 3.36-4.24, P < 0.001), mortality (95% CI, 3.93-4.82, P < 0.001) as well as good disposition (95% CI, 3.68-4.56, P < 0.001). Of this group, 94% of the patients with an ISAS-ET score of 1, 2 or 3 had a poor outcome regardless of intervention. Conversely, 86% of the patients with a score of 7 or more had a good outcome. Conclusion: The ISAS-ET scale appears to be appropriate in this single center study at predicting outcome using parameters prior to intervention. This data may help determine the urgency of transfer for intervention in hospitals without endovascular capabilities while helping determine which patients will benefit significantly from intervention. We plan to validate these results in a prospective study.

Background: Endovascular procedures are associated with injuries to the vasculature. Interventionists have adopted the use of intravenous anti-platelet agents. Eptifibatide drip has been utilized in advanced stroke treatment to increase recanalization in ischemic strokes. This study compares the outcome and mortality between those individuals that received Eptifibatide drip and those who did not. Materials: This is a retrospective analysis of all patients (n= 161) who presented to the hospitals with ischemic stroke and considered for advanced stroke therapy between January 2009 and July 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. We divided the groups into two: (A) Eptifibatide drip (B) No Eptifibatide drip. We compared the effect of using Eptifibatide drip on the functional outcome using modified Rankin Scale (mRS). mRS score of 2 or less defines a good functional outcome and an mRS of 6 defines mortality. All variables were included in the analysis. Results: 161 patients included in this study had all the variables and received Endovascular treatment. Group analysis including n, gender, mean age, mean NIHSS, Afib%, DM% and Prior Stroke % was as follows: A) 66, 47%, 71.6±16.7, 16.0±7.1, 28.3%, 25% and 31.7% B) 95, 62.5% female, 74.5±16.3, 16.5±7.7, 44.2%, 30.5% and 23.2%. We found that patients who underwent endovascular procedures in group A experienced a better outcome and lower mortality as compared to those patients in group B (95% CI, 0.1761-0.3953, P<0.001); (95% CI,-0.4761- -0.2569, P<0.001). Conclusion: The use of Eptifibatide drip during endovascular procedures may result in a better functional outcome and lower mortality after the procedures as compared to other devices. We plan to further investigate the use of Eptifibatide drip in prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare stroke intervention outcomes among patients treated with the 5 MAX ACE vs other devices. BACKGROUND: The new design of the Penumbra 5 MAX ACE device eases navigation and enhances aspiration without the use of of a separator. DESIGN/METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data from consecutive acute stroke cases treated with 5MAX ACE (‘ACE’ group) or other device as first-line therapy (‘non-ACE’ group) from February 2012 through October 2013 were collected at 3 centers. Mean age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (NIHSSS), 7 day/discharge NIHSSS, differences between baseline and 7 day NIHSSS, pre and post intervention thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia (TICI) scores, times to recanalization from groin puncture, discharge and 30-90 day modified Rankin scale (mRS), and rates of symptomatic hemorrhage, were compared between the two groups using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. RESULTS: Among 38 patients (5 MAX ACE=15, 39%; non-ACE=23, 61%) mean ages were similar (ACE=75+/-13 years vs 76+/-12 years), as were baseline TICI scores (0 in both groups), and NIHSSS (ACE=15+/-7 vs 18+/-7). There was a greater decline in NIHSSS from baseline to discharge among the ACE patients (11 +/-5 vs 8+/-10, p=0.017), resulting in lower discharge NIHSSS (4+/-6 vs 10+/-8, p=0.064).Higher grades of recanalization were achieved in the ACE patients (TICI 3 vs TICI 2B, p=0.031). Mean times to recanalization from groin puncture were significantly shorter in the ACE group patients (45+/-24 minutes vs 105+/-55 minutes, p=0.007). Mean mRS was 3 at discharge and 30-90 days in the ACE group vs 4 at discharge and 30-90 days in the non-ACE group, though this did not achieve statistical significance. There were no symptomatic hemorrhages in the ACE group while there were 4 in the other patients (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The 5 MAX ACE yields more efficient revascularization (greater reperfusion achieved in significantly shorter procedural times), with minimal vessel trauma and resultant hemorrhage and greater decline in neurological dysfunction at discharge. Disclosure: Dr. Janjua has nothing to disclose. Dr. Farkas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arcot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kumar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jean has nothing to disclose. Dr. Papamitsakis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Margulis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dash has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Azhar has nothing to disclose.

In this research article an undergraduate student project on Koch fractal curves based branch line couplers design is reported. The new fractal shaped branch-line couplers, operating at 3.0 GHz, using Koch fractal shapes of different iteration orders, have been successfully designed. The designed couplers, all operated at the designed frequency, achieved a maximum 81% size reduction without much change in the operating frequency and its bandwidth.

This paper provides an analysis of the phenomena of Negative Polarity Item (NPI hereafter) licensing in Hindi and argues for overt licensing. Based on the occurrence of NPIs in different syntactic positions and reconstruction effects, we argue for the licensing of NPIs in the course of the derivation prior to the mapping to the phonetic component/PF.