Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Malignant Transformation of Immortalized HaCaT Keratinocytes through Deregulated Nuclear Factor κB Signaling

Hyposalivation and xerostomia create chronic oral complications that decrease the quality of life in head and neck cancer patients who are treated with radiotherapy. Experimental approaches to understanding mechanisms of salivary gland dysfunction and restoration have focused on in vivo models, which are handicapped by an inability to systematically screen therapeutic candidates and efficiencies in transfection capability to manipulate specific genes. The purpose of this salivary gland organotypic culture protocol is to evaluate maximal time of culture viability and characterize cellular changes following ex vivo radiation treatment. We utilized immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy to determine when specific cell populations and markers are present during a 30-day culture period. In addition, cellular markers previously reported in in vivo radiation models are evaluated in cultures that are irradiated ex vivo. Moving forward, this method is an attractive platform for rapid ex vivo assessment of murine and human salivary gland tissue responses to therapeutic agents that improve salivary function.

In the 21st Century, research is increasingly data- and computation-driven. Researchers, funders, and the larger community today emphasize the traits of openness and reproducibility. In March 2017, 13 mostly early-career research leaders who are building their careers around these traits came together with ten university leaders (presidents, vice presidents, and vice provosts), representatives from four funding agencies, and eleven organizers and other stakeholders in an NIH- and NSF-funded one-day, invitation-only workshop titled "Imagining Tomorrow's University." Workshop attendees were charged with launching a new dialog around open research – the current status, opportunities for advancement, and challenges that limit sharing. The workshop examined how the internet-enabled research world has changed, and how universities need to change to adapt commensurately, aiming to understand how universities can and should make themselves competitive and attract the best students, staff, and faculty in this new world. During the workshop, the participants re-imagined scholarship, education, and institutions for an open, networked era, to uncover new opportunities for universities to create value and serve society. They expressed the results of these deliberations as a set of 22 principles of tomorrow's university across six areas: credit and attribution, communities, outreach and engagement, education, preservation and reproducibility, and technologies. Activities that follow on from workshop results take one of three forms. First, since the workshop, a number of workshop authors have further developed and published their white papers to make their reflections and recommendations more concrete. These authors are also conducting efforts to implement these ideas, and to make changes in the university system. Second, we plan to organise a follow-up workshop that focuses on how these principles could be implemented. Third, we believe that the outcomes of this workshop support and are connected with recent theoretical work on the position and future of open knowledge institutions.

In the 21st Century, research is increasingly data- and computation-driven. Researchers, funders, and the larger community today emphasize the traits of openness and reproducibility. In March 2017, 13 mostly early-career research leaders who are building their careers around these traits came together with ten university leaders (presidents, vice presidents, and vice provosts), representatives from four funding agencies, and eleven organizers and other stakeholders in an NIH- and NSF-funded one-day, invitation-only workshop titled "Imagining Tomorrow's University." Workshop attendees were charged with launching a new dialog around open research – the current status, opportunities for advancement, and challenges that limit sharing. The workshop examined how the internet-enabled research world has changed, and how universities need to change to adapt commensurately, aiming to understand how universities can and should make themselves competitive and attract the best students, staff, and faculty in this new world. During the workshop, the participants re-imagined scholarship, education, and institutions for an open, networked era, to uncover new opportunities for universities to create value and serve society. They expressed the results of these deliberations as a set of 22 principles of tomorrow's university across six areas: credit and attribution, communities, outreach and engagement, education, preservation and reproducibility, and technologies. Activities that follow on from workshop results take one of three forms. First, since the workshop, a number of workshop authors have further developed and published their white papers to make their reflections and recommendations more concrete. These authors are also conducting efforts to implement these ideas, and to make changes in the university system. Second, we plan to organise a follow-up workshop that focuses on how these principles could be implemented. Third, we believe that the outcomes of this workshop support and are connected with recent theoretical work on the position and future of open knowledge institutions.

The Global Research Activity Map (GRAM) is an interactive web-based system for visualizing and analyzing worldwide scholarship activity as represented by research topics. The underlying data for GRAM is obtained from Google Scholar academic research profiles and is used to create a weighted topic graph. Nodes correspond to self-reported research topics and edges indicate co-occurring topics in the profiles. The GRAM system supports map-based interactive features, including semantic zooming, panning, and searching. Map overlays can be used to compare human resource investment, displayed as the relative number of active researchers in particular topic areas, as well scholarly output in terms of citations and normalized citation counts. Evaluation of the GRAM system, with the help of university research management stakeholders, reveals interesting patterns in research investment and output for universities across the world (USA, Europe, Asia) and for different types of universities. While some of these patterns are expected, others are surprising. Overall, GRAM can be a useful tool to visualize human resource investment and research productivity in comparison to peers at a local, regional and global scale. Such information is needed by university administrators to identify institutional strengths and weaknesses and to make strategic data-driven decisions.

DP01 Plane xanthoma associated with symptomatic myeloma: a case series G.M. Callaghan, M. Coyne, P. O’Gorman and F.J. Moloney Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Xanthoma can be associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and monoclonal gammopathies. The appearance of plane xanthomas in particular, characterized by symmetrical sheets of yellow-orange macules on the face, neck and upper trunk, should prompt a screen for underlying myeloma. A twopatient case series with plane xanthoma in association with an IgG Kappa paraprotein, running an uncharacteristically benign course over several decades is discussed. Case 1 was a female patient with high-risk myeloma, who was lost to follow-up, presented 17 years post-diagnosis with biopsy-proven planar xanthomatous deposits, extensively involving her upper neck and chest, and a mildly elevated lipid profile. The paraprotein amount and restaging assessments were unchanged from her initial diagnosis. Case 2 was a male patient with high-risk myeloma who was noted to have developed striking plane xanthoma 6 years after diagnosis. Similarly, normal lipids and a stable paraprotein level with no progression of end-organ parameters were documented. Both cases demonstrate a discordant clinical course to their predicted prognosis at diagnosis. The appearance of plane xanthoma may suggest an antimyeloma effect. Xanthomatosis may suggest a role of the macrophage endothelial system in achieving disease stability. Although sample size is small, the theory of xanthomatosismediated disease amelioration is worthy of future exploration.

Replacing current refractory treatments for melanoma with new prevention and therapeutic approaches is crucial in order to successfully treat this aggressive cancer form. Melanoma develops from neural crest cells, which express tyrosinase - a key enzyme in the pigmentation pathway. The tyrosinase enzyme is highly active in melanoma cells and metabolizes polyphenolic compounds; tyrosinase expression thus makes feasible a target for polyphenol-based therapies. For example, quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a highly ubiquitous and well-classified dietary polyphenol found in various fruits, vegetables, and other plant products including onions, broccoli, kale, oranges, blueberries, apples, and tea. Quercetin has demonstrated antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in various cancer cell types. Quercetin is readily metabolized by tyrosinase into various compounds that promote anticancer activity; additionally, given that tyrosinase expression increases during tumorigenesis, and its activity is associated with pigmentation changes in both early- and late-stage melanocytic lesions, it suggests that quercetin can be used to target melanoma. In this review, we explore the potential of quercetin as an anti-melanoma agent utilizing and extrapolating on evidence from previous in vitro studies in various human malignant cell lines and propose a "four-focus area strategy" to develop quercetin as a targeted anti-melanoma compound for use as either a preventative or therapeutic agent. The four areas of focus include utilizing quercetin to (i) modulate cellular bioreduction potential and associated signaling cascades, (ii) affect transcription of relevant genes, (iii) regulate epigenetic processes, and (iv) develop effective combination therapies and delivery modalities/protocols. In general, quercetin could be used to exploit tyrosinase activity to prevent, and/or treat, melanoma with minimal additional side effects.

Ionizing radiation is one of the most common cancer treatments; however, the treatment leads to a wide range of debilitating side effects. In patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), the surrounding normal salivary gland is extremely sensitive to therapeutic radiation, and damage to this tissue results in various oral complications and decreased quality of life (QOL). In the current study, mice treated with targeted head and neck radiation showed a significant increase in double-stranded breaks (DSB) in the DNA of parotid salivary gland cells immediately after treatment, and this remained elevated 3 h posttreatment. In contrast, mice pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) showed resolution of the same amount of initial DNA damage by 3 h posttreatment. At acute time points (30 min to 2 h), irradiated parotid glands had significantly decreased levels of the histone deactylase Sirtuin-1 (SirT-1) which has been previously shown to function in DNA repair. Pretreatment with IGF-1 increased SirT-1 protein levels and increased deacetylation of SirT-1 targets involved in DNA repair. Pharmacological inhibition of SirT-1 activity decreased the IGF-1-mediated resolution of DSB. These data suggest that IGF-1 promotes DNA repair in irradiated parotid glands through the maintenance and activation of SirT-1.

The standard of care for head and neck cancer typically includes surgical resection of the tumor followed by targeted head and neck radiation. However depending on tumor location and stage, some cases may not require surgical resection while others may be treated with chemoradiation. Unfortunately, these radiation treatments cause chronic negative side effects for patients. These side effects are associated with damage to surrounding normal salivary gland tissue and include xerostomia, changes in taste and malnutrition. The underlying mechanisms of chronic radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction are unknown, however, in rodent models persistently elevated proliferation is correlated with reduced stimulated salivary flow. The rapalogue, CCI-779, has been used in other cell systems to induce autophagy and reduce proliferation, therefore the aim of this study was to determine if CCI-779 could be utilized to ameliorate chronic radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Four to six week old Atg5f/f; Aqp5-Cre, Atg5+/+; Aqp5-Cre and FVB mice were treated with targeted head and neck radiation. FVB mice were treated with CCI-779, chloroquine, or DMSO post-radiation. Stimulated salivary flow rates were determined and parotid and submandibular salivary gland tissues were collected for analyses. Mice with a defect in autophagy, via a conditional knockout of Atg5 in the salivary glands, display increased compensatory proliferation in the acinar cell compartment and hypertrophy at 24-72 hours following radiation. FVB mice treated with post-therapy CCI-779 have significant improvements in salivary gland physiology as determined by stimulated salivary flow rates, proliferation indices and amylase production and secretion. Consequently, post-radiation use of CCI-779 allows for improvement of salivary gland function and reestablishment of glandular homeostasis. As CCI-779 is already FDA approved for other uses, it could have a secondary use to alleviate the chronic side effects in head and neck cancer patients who have completed anti-tumor therapy.

The current standard of care for head and neck cancer includes surgical resection of the tumor followed by targeted head and neck radiation. This radiotherapy results in a multitude of negative side effects in adjacent normal tissues. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that could be targeted to ameliorate these side effects based on its role in cellular homeostasis. In this study, we utilized Atg5f/f;Aqp5-Cre mice which harbor a conditional knockout of Atg5, in salivary acinar cells. These autophagy-deficient mice display increased radiosensitivity. Treatment of wild-type mice with radiation did not robustly induce autophagy following radiotherapy, however, using a model of preserved salivary gland function by IGF-1-treatment prior to irradiation, we demonstrate increased autophagosome formation 6–8 hours following radiation. Additionally, administration of IGF-1 to Atg5f/f;Aqp5-Cre mice did not preserve physiological function. Thus, autophagy appears to play a beneficial role in salivary glands following radiation and pharmacological induction of autophagy could alleviate the negative side effects associated with therapy for head and neck cancer.

Short Communication on IGF1, with data on DNA/RNA, on the protein encoded and where the gene is implicated.

Future OncologyVol. 9, No. 5 EditorialFree AccessThe promise of digital (mobile) health in cancer prevention and treatmentNicholas Demos Panayi, Matthew Merritt Mars & Randy BurdNicholas Demos PanayiUniversity of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA, Matthew Merritt MarsUniversity of Arizona, Outreach College & McGuire Center for Entrepreneurship, 888 N Euclid Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA & Randy Burd* Author for correspondenceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Published Online:7 May 2013https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.13.42AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Keywords: disease preventiongeneticsmobile healthmobile medicineTechnological advances in how we exchange and analyze information are having a broad impact across all facets of modern medicine. Indeed, the mobile health (mHealth) paradigm is providing the format for instantaneous exchange of information between health providers and their patients, creating a potential virtual forum consisting of the patient's medical team and expert opinion worldwide. This is particularly important in oncology where mHealth is promising to provide the platform upon which patients become more committed to cancer-preventative lifestyles. There is now a framework for a revolutionary dynamic to emerge within the patient care model that will improve self-health advocacy and, ultimately, clinical outcomes. Currently, mHealth is an indispensable modality for providing access to care in remote parts of the world and it is already being used to shore up inefficiencies in clinical trial management. The growing capacity to store and analyze large amounts of data is making the mHealth arsenal a necessary addition in the genomic age of clinical medicine.Digital networks will drive healthThe medical industry has long aspired to create the individualized medicine paradigm, tailoring individual medical management based on the patient's unique state of health or morbidity. The model's dynamic envisions a multidisciplinary team of individuals monitoring and sharing patient information gathered from an ever expanding diagnostic catalog. With the advent of genomics and its utility in clinical medicine, the individualized model will need more sophisticated tools to gather, share and manage patient information. Born out of this necessity, mHealth promises to provide more effective medicine by creating a virtual library where interdisciplinary providers and patients meet to explore and discuss relevant diagnostics. Moreover, the ability to gather and utilize patient information in real time and develop preventative or treatment paths could prove to be the greatest innovation since the development of technologies to rapidly sequence DNA.The individualized approach to cancer prevention and management will require medical teams to closely coordinate and share patient information such as social factors, family history, past medical history and relevant diagnostics. As medical teams grow in size and complexity it will become more critical for mHealth to provide the technological framework that will facilitate efficient information sharing among providers and patients. This communicative capacity is especially critical in the field of oncology where rapid exchange of clinical information is essential to create a composite of the state of health of individuals.Broadly defined, mHealth encompasses the use of any portable technological device to individually access, coordinate and share information. Cellular phones, personal digital assistants and tablet computers are being coupled with unique software applications to share diagnostic information and treatment options between doctors. Patients are able to easily access their own medical records, consult specialists at a distance and access the latest educational information on their disease, treatment and recovery. Doctors and patients are also turning to online communities to better educate themselves about disease and alternative treatments. These applications allow cancer patients to form worldwide online communities and forums that provide solace, support and information sharing. Frydman, a pioneer of online patient communities, believes that the collective reasoning of thousands of nonexperts, each with special insight, can yield powerful advice for any individual case [1]. Oncologists can similarly learn through information sharing across a global clinical community. Given the ubiquity of computer technology and the relative ease of use between patients and providers, mHealth will soon become an indispensable communication tool for cancer prevention and treatment. Moreover, as the expansion of technology, genetics and information about disease pathways grows, there will be a need to shift from the less knowledgeable patient networks to highly trained clinical networks comprising of individuals trained in the specifics of cancer, including genetics and pathology.Chronic disease & preventative medicineExperts now widely accept that cancer is the result of a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental variables. It is also widely known that obesity and chronic inflammatory states increase the risks of developing cancer and other morbidities. For example, it is estimated that between a quarter and a half of the most frequent cancers (breast, colorectal, endometrial, renal cell and esophageal) involve obesity [2]. Fortunately, mHealth is allowing patients to become more active in managing their own health and preventative care. For example, patients are currently using mHealth modalities to measure and record their own blood pressure, blood sugar, caloric intake and exercise.Mobile technology equips the healthcare/patient team to more effectively analyze and share data, allowing for lifestyle and medication adjustments to correct any damaging trends. Patients are also able to receive personalized messages informing them of all things health related, including screening recommendations based on age and personal medical history. Specialized information, such as sun exposure potential and prevention recommendations based on location, ethnicity and individual susceptibility, can also be shared over personal mobile devices. Once integrated with a subscriber's genetic profile, a personalized and more personally meaningful set of recommendations can be offered.Cancer prevention can only be achieved if patients begin to honestly evaluate and prioritize their individual state of health. In this age of sugary drinks and processed foods, having the tools to evaluate nutritional choices are invaluable. Sugary drinks currently make up the most densely calorific food source and, thus, significantly contribute to the rising obesity epidemic [3]. A recent study indicated that participants with a greater genetic susceptibility toward obesity also tended to have the highest intakes of sugary drinks [4]. Current mobile applications, such as MyFitnessPal® (MyFitnessPal, LLC, CA, USA), can be used interactively to log activity levels, nutritional intake and BMI, among others, and could potentially help alleviate the consumption of densely calorific foods. Furthermore, mobile applications can also provide users with the ability to generate nutritional/exercise recommendations based upon individual goals for weight management. Clearly, mobile applications can play an important role in shaping individual approaches to cancer prevention. In short, mHealth provides the scaffold by which patients become optimally engaged in their own health management, and where population-based genetic and disease information will offer increasingly meaningful prevention guidance [5].Mobile devices provide a global reachThe technologies that contribute to personalized medicine have been around for years, but were limited by the size of the monitoring hardware. Size barriers are now being overcome by the development of small computing devices to be worn by patients as wrist or ankle bracelets. These wearable technologies are capable of monitoring various health conditions and tracking the progress of rehabilitation regimens. Additionally, heart monitors 2.5 cm in diameter are being used to record aberrant arrhythmias and predetect otherwise fatal arrhythmias.As mobile devices become smaller and more sophisticated patients will increasingly be able to monitor the subtle physiological variables that until now have required a visit to the clinic. For instance, a researcher named Jafari is designing a button-sized computer device that allows an elderly patient to detect his or her fall risk before it happens [101]. Technology is also making it conceivable that diabetics could independently predict insulin crisis and that couples seeking conception could monitor female physiologic parameters to indicate the optimum timeframe for successful fertilization. The use of wearable technology in oncology prevention and management is equally important. For example, the monitoring of patient vitals and other biomarkers will lead to real-time and dynamic treatment delivery of therapeutics, optimizing dosing and alleviating side effects [6].The expansion of mHealth also represents a vital bridge between individualized medicine and the billions currently without access to care. Patients living in remote regions with limited resources can receive cancer-preventative consultations. Radiological and pathological diagnostics can be used from locations worlds apart. In addition, mobile phone consultations are now widely used in the undeveloped world where healthcare is precariously scarce and often nonexistent. For example, the Kilimanjaro Cervical Cancer project has been developed to provide cervical cancer screening to women in Tanzania. Small healthcare teams perform gynecological exams and photos taken of the cervix are sent via smart phones to doctors in specialized clinics who, in turn, make treatment recommendations [102]. The use of mobile technologies also allow medical outreach teams to distribute everything from vaccines to antidiarrheal kits, which is critical considering diarrhea is a major culprit of childhood mortality worldwide. In essence, the mHealth paradigm will provide potentially unlimited access to care for those who are currently disenfranchised.Clinical trialsThe advancement of cancer therapeutics depends on effective and efficient clinical trials. Mobile-medicine technologies are now being used to shore up inefficiencies in and improve the validity of clinical trials. As a result, clinical trial investigators are more easily interacting with individual pharmaceutical companies and efficiently screening and recruiting trial participants. Furthermore, easy access to information through the mHealth framework is allowing investigators to become better educated and more adherent to proper clinical trial conduct. Concurrently, patients are, via smart phones, being better instructed on how to comply with trial guidelines, as well as being more closely monitored for medication compliance [103]. For instance, the US FDA is currently funding its first 'remote monitoring' clinical trial, which involves tracking sclerosis patients taking lisinopril through remote vital sign monitors. This wireless method has saved an estimated 3.5 million US dollars [103]. It is likely that remote monitoring of clinical trials will become compulsory based on the capacity to allow investigators to increase sample sizes and limit pool heterogeneity through global screening.Incorporating biology & geneticsScientists are continuing to better articulate the elusive dynamic between genetic inheritance, environmental engagement and tumorigenesis. The ability to sequence and analyze DNA provides the physician with the potential to assess individual risk for cancer and to tailor therapeutic approaches accordingly. DNA sequencing is already being utilized to determine the presence of mutations in certain cancer susceptibility genes, predisposing individuals to cancers such as familial breast cancer and melanoma [7]. The same analysis techniques are being used to better characterize tumor phenotype and chemotherapy/radiation susceptibility. In addition, DNA sequencing could conceivably be used during the tailoring of chemotherapeutic management, which includes selecting the chemotherapies with the highest specificity for the individual tumor(s) and the most benign side effects based on the metabolic dynamics of individuals (i.e., CYP haplotypes) [8]. Any provider, however far or remote, can access all of this information, cultivating the best continuity of care possible. Combining a personalized approach to medicine with real-time drug delivery and monitoring through wearable technologies will be the next frontier. However, this next stage of medical care will require an innovative approach through multiple institutions, such as universities and industry, as well as different fields including medicine, life sciences, computer science and pharmacology. Cross-field collaboration is necessary to combine technologies into a mobile platform for efficient monitoring and delivery [9].Trade offsBringing together different disciplines and institutional cultures to create new innovations will bring unintended consequences that must be considered. Genetic analysis and disclosure of disease potential can have profound psychological consequences for the patient, regardless of actual disease affliction. It is also of great concern that insurance providers may find new ways to bypass current legal protections in order to exclude patients with ominous genetic findings. In addition, some question if this new method of information distribution will be more confusing than informative, while others are concerned hyper vigilant patients will become abjectly hyperchondrical. The quantified-self at this point in time can only rely on micronetworks that provide advice from experience rather than empirical evidence of clinical studies. The burgeoning use of mobile medicine software has prompted the FDA to provide a framework of utilization within the current standard of care; drafting regulations of appropriate use in 2011 [10]. The need for professional incorporation and acceptance of mHealth into oncology practice has never been more important or needed, but will require the design of disease-specific devices, more knowledge of genetic biomarkers and their contribution to the disease state, and a major overhaul of the medical infrastructure.The implementation of mHealth technology is also limited by many secondary factors. First, the costs to commercialize the required technologies are prohibitive. Second, the novelty of the emergent mHealth field prevents a strong empirical demonstration of the involved market. As a result of these two factors, private industry is, at best, reluctant to invest in the research and development required to grow the field. Research and development has, thus, mostly been limited to university settings where basic research is highly valued. Unfortunately, the profit-oriented model of university technology transfer hinders the dissemination of mHealth innovations that emerge from bench science to society. One promising solution is the creation of new linkages between industry and academia that are predicated on principles of social entrepreneurship [104], which would remove monetary-based barriers that currently prevent the free flow of innovation. Such linkages would also provide both businesses and healthcare communities with greater access to university researchers who have expertise in the increasingly complex areas of genetics and bioinformatics.ConclusionMedical oncology is only beginning to explore the clinical implications of DNA information. The amount of potential information is staggering when one considers the epigenetic code, which reveals heritable changes in gene expression. The genomic to epigenetic transition represents the empirical manifestation of genetic/environmental engagement. Thus, the link between lifestyle and cancer will become more comprehensive and tangible as the consequences of epigenetics and oncogenesis become known [11,12]. As the complexity of cancer is unraveled the demand for efficient information analysis will grow. Thus, rapid incorporation of new and complex information into mHealth platforms is a challenge mobile medicine faces as more and more prognostic variables avail themselves. Indeed, the mHeath revolution will probably support the efficient and comprehensive exchange of information between patients and health providers without geographic constraints. The cost of incorporating clinically relevant devices and management will require collaboration and substantial capital, requiring a model where universities, medical practice and industry gainfully coexist.Financial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.References1 Frydman GJ. Patient-driven research: rich opportunities and real risks. J. Participat. Med.1(1),e12 (2009).Google Scholar2 Taubes G. Unraveling the obesity – cancer connection. Science335(6064),28–32 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar3 Qi Q, Chu AY, Kang JH et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and genetic risk of obesity. N. Engl. J. Med.367(15),1387–1396 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar4 Caprio S. Calories from soft drinks – do they matter? N. Engl. J. Med.367(15),1462–1463 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar5 Montague E, Perchonok J. Health and wellness technology use by historically underserved health consumers. J. Med. Internet Res.14(3),e78 (2012).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar6 Chi AH, Clayton K, Burrow TJ et al. Intelligent drug-delivery devices based on micro-and nano-technologies. Ther. Deliv.4(1),77–94 (2013).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar7 Snape K, Ruark E, Tarpey P et al. Predisposition gene identification in common cancers by exome sequencing: insights from familial breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 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Fighting cancer with cell phones: innovation to save lives in Africa. www.cnn.com/2012/11/23/tech/africa-health-innovation/index.htmlGoogle Scholar103 Comstock J. Clinical trials still ripe for mobile-enabled innovations. http://mobihealthnews.com/19677/clinical-trials-still-ripe-for-mobile-enabled-innovations/Google Scholar104 Dees JG. The meaning of social entrepreneurship. Comments and suggestions contributed from the Social Entrepreneurship Founders Working Group. www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.pdfGoogle ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDigital Therapeutics in Migraine Management: A Novel Treatment Option in the COVID-19 Era1 January 2023 | Journal of Pain Research, Vol. Volume 16Digital Intervention for the Management of Alzheimer's DiseaseCurrent Alzheimer Research, Vol. 19, No. 14Informing the development of multidisciplinary interventions to help breast cancer patients return to work: a qualitative study12 July 2022 | Supportive Care in Cancer, Vol. 30, No. 10Mobile Health (mHealth) Interventions to Increase Cancer Screening Rates in Hispanic/Latinx Populations: A Scoping Review22 July 2022 | Health Promotion Practice, Vol. 61Patient and clinician perspectives of desired features for a web-based self-management program (icanmanage.ca): exposing patients "hard work" of managing acute cancer22 August 2020 | Supportive Care in Cancer, Vol. 29, No. 4Use of mHealth to Increase Physical Activity Among Breast Cancer Survivors With Fatigue: Qualitative Exploration22 March 2021 | JMIR Cancer, Vol. 7, No. 1The willingness to use mobile health technology among gynaecologists: A survey studyInformatics in Medicine Unlocked, Vol. 25Using digital health to facilitate compliance with standardized pediatric cancer treatment guidelines in Tanzania: protocol for an early-stage effectiveness-implementation hybrid study29 March 2020 | BMC Cancer, Vol. 20, No. 1Digital Therapeutics: Emerging New Therapy for Neurologic Deficits after StrokeJournal of Stroke, Vol. 21, No. 3Ecuadorian Cancer Patients' Preference for Information and Communication Technologies: Cross-Sectional Study20 February 2018 | Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol. 20, No. 2mHealth Approaches in Managing Skin Cancer: Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Research Using Integrative Mapping2 August 2018 | JMIR mHealth and uHealth, Vol. 6, No. 8Understanding the Digital Gap Among US Adults With Disability: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey 201316 March 2018 | JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies, Vol. 5, No. 1eHealth and behavioral weight loss interventions for female cancer survivors: A review14 September 2017 | Women's Health, Vol. 13, No. 3Awareness, Interest, and Preferences of Primary Care Providers in Using Point-of-Care Cancer Screening Technology15 January 2016 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, No. 1Advancing Cancer Survivorship in a Country with 1.35 Billion People: The China Lymphoma Project5 February 2016 | Journal of Environment and Health Science, Vol. 2, No. 1Pilot and Feasibility Test of a Mobile Health-Supported Behavioral Counseling Intervention for Weight Management Among Breast Cancer Survivors9 May 2016 | JMIR Cancer, Vol. 2, No. 1Mobile Phone Apps for Preventing Cancer Through Educational and Behavioral Interventions: State of the Art and Remaining Challenges30 May 2016 | JMIR mHealth and uHealth, Vol. 4, No. 2mHealth Education Applications Along the Cancer Continuum9 December 2014 | Journal of Cancer Education, Vol. 30, No. 2The Role of Mobile Technologies in Health Care Processes: The Case of Cancer Supportive Care12 February 2015 | Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol. 17, No. 2The Performance of mHealth in Cancer Supportive Care: A Research Agenda13 February 2015 | Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol. 17, No. 1 Vol. 9, No. 5 STAY CONNECTED Metrics History Published online 7 May 2013 Published in print May 2013 Information© Future Medicine LtdKeywordsdisease preventiongeneticsmobile healthmobile medicineFinancial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.PDF download

Background: Increasing an individual's awareness and understanding of their dietary habits and reasons for eating may help facilitate positive dietary changes. Mobile technologies allow individuals to record diet-related behavior in real time from any location; however, the most popular software applications lack empirical evidence supporting their efficacy as health promotion tools. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a popular social media software application (Twitter) to capture young adults' dietary behavior and reasons for eating. A secondary aim was to visualize data from Twitter using a novel analytic tool designed to help identify relationships among dietary behaviors, reasons for eating, and contextual factors. Methods: Participants were trained to record all food and beverages consumed over 3 consecutive days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) using their mobile device's native Twitter application. A list of 24 hashtags (#) representing food groups and reasons for eating were provided to participants to guide reporting (eg, #protein, #mood). Participants were encouraged to annotate hashtags with contextual information using photos, text, and links. User experience was assessed through a combination of email reports of technical challenges and a 9-item exit survey. Participant data were captured from the public Twitter stream, and frequency of hashtag occurrence and co-occurrence were determined. Contextual data were further parsed and qualitatively analyzed. A frequency matrix was constructed to identify food and behavior hashtags that co-occurred. These relationships were visualized using GMap algorithmic mapping software. Results: A total of 50 adults completed the study. In all, 773 tweets including 2862 hashtags (1756 foods and 1106 reasons for eating) were reported. Frequently reported food groups were #grains (n=365 tweets), #dairy (n=221), and #protein (n=307). The most frequently cited reasons for eating were #social (activity) (n=122), #taste (n=146), and #convenience (n=173). Participants used a combination of study-provided hash tags and their own hash tags to describe behavior. Most rated Twitter as easy to use for the purpose of reporting diet-related behavior. "Maps" of hash tag occurrences and co-occurrences were developed that suggested time-varying diet and behavior patterns. Conclusions: Twitter combined with an analytical software tool provides a method for capturing real-time food consumption and diet-related behavior. Data visualization may provide a method to identify relationships between dietary and behavioral factors. These findings will inform the design of a study exploring the use of social media and data visualization to identify relationships between food consumption, reasons for engaging in specific food-related behaviors, relevant contextual factors, and weight and health statuses in diverse populations.

In this chapter, guest author Dr. Randy Burd discusses the conditions that both promote and hinder innovation in the life sciences. Burd presents his personal observations of how the traditional academic model fails to fully encourage academic innovation, and in doing so illuminates the cultural gap between the academy and industry. He follows this constructive critique of the current system with the suggestion that social entrepreneurship represents a productive middle ground where both traditional bench science flourishes and academic innovation is celebrated.