The goal of LIPAc (Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator) is to achieve a 125 mA, 9 MeV, CW (continuous wave, i.e. 100% duty cycle) deuteron beam with an average beam power of 1.125 MW. In the beam current measurement, it is considered that calorimetric measurement is advantageous for high current and CW operations since it is not subject to secondary electrons, etc. In calorimetric measurements, it is necessary to measure the temperature rise of the cooling water as accurately as possible. We applied this method to LIPAc proton beams at the Beam Stop unit. In order to check the reliability, we inserted a heater in the cooling loop as a heat source and obtained correlation between the applied and measured power, which was found to be 1.0. Moreover, using this heater, accuracy of this measurement with respect to the flow rate of the cooling water was investigated. Due to heat transfer and the fluctuations of water temperature, etc., there is a range of flow rates in which the measurement error can be minitnized with our calorimetric measurement system.

The IFMIF accelerator facility consists of 2 identical linacs, each accelerating a 125 mA CW deuteron beam up to the energy of 40 MeV. In order to reach these unprecedented performances, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is under installation and commissioning at the International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERC) in Rokkasho, Japan, in the framework of the IFMIF/EVEDA project, which is part of the Broader Approach (BA) agreement between Japan and EU. The accelerator is designed to validate components up to 125 mA CW deuteron beam at 9 MeV. The accelerator components of LIPAc have been designed and manufactured mainly by European Institutes. The injector and superconducting linac, RFQ, MEBT, Diagnostics Plate, HEBT and beam dump have been developed respectively by CEA-Saclay, INFN-Legnaro and CIEMAT-Madrid and were delivered to Rokkasho between 2013 and 2016. The commissioning of the injector with beam started in November 2014. This paper dealt with the experimental data obtained with the beam diagnostics of the injector. The electrical measurements of the beam intensity on the beam stopper were compared with calorimetric measurements. The beam profiles measured with a CCD camera and a custom image-intensified CID camera are also addressed. The analysis of beam emittance and ion species fractions from data obtained with an Allison scanner is described and the results of species fraction measurements are compared with those obtained by using a deported spectrometer. Finally, the analysis of beam space potential from data obtained with a 4-Grid analyser is presented.

•Personnel Protection System (PPS) is developed to adapt the radiation licensing.•PPS achieves the target performance to secure the personnel safety.•Pulse Duty Management System (PDMS) is developed to manage the beam-operation-time.•Satisfying performance of PDMS is confirmed by injector operation with H+ beam.•By the result of PPS and PDMS tests, the radiation license was successfully obtained.

Commissioning of the injector for the IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) Linear Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) was started at International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERC) located in Rokkasho, Aomori in November 2014. This report describes some results obtained during this commissioning period since November 2014. The normalized rms emittance for H+ beam with the energy of 100 keV and the extraction current of 137 mA was 0.28  mm mrad. The proton ratio of 80 % with H+ beam energy of 100 keV and the extraction current of 160 mA was obtained at the middle of the LEBT consisting of two solenoids. The deuteron operation was also started in July 2015. The preliminary results of the deuteron operation are also shown in this report. 1. はじめに 核融合炉材料開発において、D-T 核融合反応で生 成される 14 MeV の中性子による厳しい放射線環境 下にさらされる炉材料に対して、その照射試験によ る性能実証が必要不可欠とされてきた。この認識の 下、国際核融合材料照射施設(IFMIF)は、重陽子 -リチウム(d-Li)核反応による加速器駆動型中性 子源として、最大 1018 n/m2s というこれまでにない 強力な中性子場を生成する施設であり、その技術開 発が進められている。IFMIF では、大電流(125 mA ×2 基)の重陽子(D+)ビームを線形加速器で 40 MeV まで加速し、液体リチウムターゲットに入射す ることで、D-T 核融合反応を模擬した連続スペクト ルの中性子場を発生する。 2007 年より日欧の国際事業協定の一つとして始 まった IFMIFの工学実証・工学設計活動(EVEDA) では、IFMIF の原型加速器(Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator; LIPAc)の設計・製作・試験を行うこと が含まれている。この原型加速器は青森県六ケ所村 の国際核融合エネルギー研究センター(IFERC)に て、段階的にビーム試験を行う予定で進められてい る。LIPAc 入射器は 2013 年より輸送、据付が進めら れ[1]、2014 年 11 月 4 日に陽子(H+)によるビーム試 験を開始した。H+ビームでの加速器のコミッショニ ングを進めた後、2015 年 7 月 7 日に D+ビーム生成に 成功し、7 月 15 日に施設検査の受検、7 月 17 日に施 設検査の合格証を受けた [2]。 本稿では、IFERC に設置された LIPAc 入射器の概 要及びビーム試験の結果について報告する。 2. LIPAc 入射器の概要 IFMIF 加速器及びその原型加速器である LIPAc の 構成や現状については、参考文献[3]及び[4]に記され ている。LIPAc の入射器には Table 1 に示した性能が

The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) linear IFMIF prototype accelerator injector dedicated to high intensity deuteron beam production has been designed, built, and tested at CEA/Saclay between 2008 and 2012. After the completion of the acceptance tests at Saclay, the injector has been fully sent to Japan. The re-assembly of the injector has been performed between March and May 2014. Then after the check-out phase, the production of the first proton beam occurred in November 2014. Hydrogen and deuteron beam commissioning is now in progress after having proceeded with the final tests on the entire injector equipment including high power diagnostics. This article reports the different phases of the injector installation pointing out the safety and security needs, as well as the first beam production results in Japan and chopper tests. Detailed operation and commissioning results (with H+ and D+ 100 keV beams) are reported in a second article.

Hardware availability calculations have been done individually for each system of the deuteron accelerators of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). The principal goal of these analyses is to estimate the availability of the systems, compare it with the challenging IFMIF requirements and find new paths to improve availability performances.Major unavailability contributors are highlighted and possible design changes are proposed in order to achieve the hardware availability requirements established for each system. In this paper, such possible improvements are implemented in fault tree models and the availability results are evaluated.The parallel activity on the design and construction of the linear IFMIF prototype accelerator (LIPAc) provides detailed design information for the RAMI (reliability, availability, maintainability and inspectability) analyses and allows finding out the improvements that the final accelerator could have. Because of the R&D behavior of the LIPAc, RAMI improvements could be the major differences between the prototype and the IFMIF accelerator design. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Since the middle of the 90’s development of high intensity light ion injectors are undertaken at CEA-Saclay. The first 100 mA proton beam has been produced by the SILHI ECR source in the framework of the IPHI project. Ever since, more than 100 mA of protons or deuteron beams, with high purities, have been regularly produced in pulsed or continuous mode, and with very good beam characteristics analyzed in dedicated beam diagnostics. CEA-Saclay is currently involved in several high intensity LINAC projects such as Spiral2, IFMIF-EVEDA and FAIR, and is in charge of their source and LEBT design and construction. This article reports the latest developments and experimental results carried out at CEA-Saclay for the 3 projects. In addition, a review of the developments and beam results performed in other laboratories worldwide are also presented.

With the passing of the years, the need has been growing to be able to build a high current source with a long lifetime. An H− ion production code has been developed to improve the understanding on this ion production. At the same time very promising experimentation is going on at CEA-Saclay on an ECR H− ion source. This code is split in two parts. A PIC 1D MCC 3D code (particle in cell in 1D Monte Carlo with collision in 3D) is in charge of establishing the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), which is later used in a fluid code. This second code calculates the chemistry of the H− ion production. The 2D configuration of the study obliges us to choose a PIC code instead of a Boltzmann one. Two important difficulties are considered. The first one is due to a very low pressure (under 10 mTorr) as it is common in H− production experiments. The second difficulty is to accurately inject the high power discharge (few-tenths kW), usually demanded for such sources. This condition often carries divergences in the PIC code. This code is able to decrease the pressure down to 6 mTorr with a discharge of a few tenths of a kilowatt with a good reliability. This article describes the solution used in the code and the results useful in bringing the development of a new type of long lifetime H− ion source.

ECR Ion Sources are well known for their efficient production of Highly Charged Ions [1], and also for the production of intense proton beams [2]. Recently European laboratories have decided to join their efforts to develop and improve various plasma techniques for the production of intense beams of H-, for a future application to the European Spallation Source, and possibly for other high power accelerators. Because of its great experience and skill in ECR plasmas and ion sources, CEA has decided to develop ECR ion sources for negative ion production. At first glance, this seems to be a real challenge, as negative ion production requires a very low electron temperature, incompatible with ECR heating. We will show that this contradiction can be solved. In this article we briefly summarize the present status of Negative Ion Sources (NIS). Then we describe ECR Ion Sources and how they can be of great interest for H- production. Although this domain is still rather unexplored, some work has already been performed in the field of negative ion production with ECR plasmas. That work will be shortly summarized. Eventually promising preliminary results, obtained at CEA Saclay at 2.45 GHz, will be shown.