Much interest has developed in the use of sticky yellow boards to control the greenhouse whitefly. Such yellow boards are now produced for sale by several commercial companies. This paper summarizes experiments that assess the importance of various factors affecting trap efficacy, such as colour, position and quality of adhesive. Because the experiments were conducted under natural greenhouse conditions, growers will find the recommendations directly applicable. The most important variable is colour. Bright yellow was most attractive, having a reflectance spectrum with little or no reflectance in the blue-violet, a sharp rise beginning at 500 nm, reaching 30% at 540 nm and 90% at 570 nm, and continuing this level of reflectance into the far red. Boards should be positioned so that they hang down into the foliage, with their tops roughly even with the canopy. The adhesive should be chosen with care, since powdery wings of whiteflies allow them to escape from many adhesives. Several polybutene-type adhesives were suitable.

Abstract The 4 hot peppers from India ‘Pant C-1’, ‘KAU Cluster’ ( Capsicum annuum L.), ‘White Khandari’, and ‘Chuna’ ( C. frutescens L.) were evaluated along with 6 United States cultivars for their reaction to Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith (races 1 and 2), Phytophthora capsici Leonian, and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood. The Indian ‘Pant C-1’ was resistant to 4 Pseudomonas solanacearum isolates and moderately resistant to Phytophthora root rot and root-knot nematode. The breeding line ‘White Khandari’ was resistant to 3 isolates of the bacterium and root-knot nematode and moderately resistant to Phytophthora root rot. These Indian pepper lines could be an additional source in multiple disease-resistant breeding programs. Multiple disease resistance and good horticultural characteristics make ‘Pant C-1’ an excellent source of these resistances.

Abstract ‘Cinco’ is a multidisease resistant muskmelon (cantaloupe), Cucumis melo L., with excellent keeping qualities, good appearance, and delicate sweet taste. It is highly resistant to watermelon mosaic virus 1 (WMV-1); downy mildew, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostow.; races 1 & 2 of powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlect. ex Fr.) Poll.; and Alternaria leaf-blight Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) Elliot. It was developed in south Texas where these fungus diseases occur regularly in epiphytotic proportions. The fruit keeps well for long-distance shipping. The size is that preferred by local market and home garden growers.

Gypsy moth adult eclosion occurs within 10 h after the onset of light. The peak eclosion times for male and female moths are 3.14 and 5.34 h, respectively, after lights on. Photoperiod of eclosion rhythm could be entrained by shifting the onset of light 8 h while retaining the same photoperiod. That eclosion rhythm is an endogenous circadian rhythm was proven with moths transferred into continuous darkness from a photoperiod of LD 16:8.

Journal Article Sodium Alginates as Adjuvants in Spray Application of Pest Management Chemicals Get access Robert J. Argauer, Robert J. Argauer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph E. Webb Ralph E. Webb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 67, Issue 6, 1 December 1974, Pages 797–798, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/67.6.797 Published: 01 December 1974 Article history Received: 11 June 1974 Published: 01 December 1974

Journal Article Resmethrin: Evaluation Against Some Common Greenhouse Pests Get access Ralph E. Webb, Ralph E. Webb Agricultural Research Service USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Floyd F. Smith, Floyd F. Smith Agricultural Research Service USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. N. Sullivan, W. N. Sullivan Agricultural Research Service USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. S. Schechter, M. S. Schechter Agricultural Research Service USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. L. Boswell, A. L. Boswell Agricultural Research Service USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Ewing A. Ewing Agricultural Research Service USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 67, Issue 2, 1 April 1974, Page 295, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/67.2.295 Published: 01 April 1974 Article history Received: 30 October 1973 Published: 01 April 1974

In a comparison of test materials for control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), resmethrin was the most effective spray and controlled all stages but the eggs. Resmethrin mists and aerosols gave good control of whitefly adults and young nymphs in the winter, but were less effective in the warmer months. Azinphosmethyl, Dasanit® (O,O-diethyl O-[p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate), and parathion also gave good control of nymphs in spray tests. Phytotoxicity of the resmethrin formulations appeared minimal except with poinsettia. When resmethrin mist was applied once a week (1 or 0.5 g AI/1000 ft3) it gave excellent control of whitefly during the cool winter, but effectiveness decreased as temperatures increased. By mid-June, applications of the higher dose gave only fair control. Generally, the mists controlled the adults, crawlers, and young nymphs, but were ineffective vs. eggs, older nymphs, and pupae. However, resmethrin 2 EC applied as a spray once a week for 4 weeks virtually eradicated infestations.

Of 30 insecticidal sprays applied to lima beans infested 1 to 5 days previously by Liriomyza munda Frick, 97–100% eggs and larvae of all ages were killed by azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrophos, Dasanit® (O,O-diethyl O-[p-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl] phosphorothioate), demeton, diazinon, dichrotophos, dimethoate, fenthion, lindane, parathion, phorate, and mexacarbate. Of the remaining 18 insecticides, some were less effective vs. eggs or young larvae, others were ineffective vs. both at all ages. When applied in aerosols, parathion was more effective than dichlorvos or sulfotepp. The results support the need for a series of spray or aerosol applications scheduled to destroy the insect as eggs or larvae, the most vulnerable stage.

Journal Article Uptake of Monocrotophos by Chrysanthemum Cultivars and Resulting Control of Melon Aphid Get access Ralph E. Webb, Ralph E. Webb USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. Argauer Robert J. Argauer USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 67, Issue 2, 1 April 1974, Pages 251–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/67.2.251 Published: 01 April 1974 Article history Received: 26 October 1973 Published: 01 April 1974

Kring (1964) and Smith et at (1964) demonstrated that aphids are repelled by reflective aluminum surfaces, and this repellency was shown to be useful in reducing the incidence of aphid-borne virus diseases in squash (Moore et at 1964) and gladiolus (Johnson et al. 1967, Smith and Webb 1968). In addition, the aluminum repelled flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Ota and Smith 1965) and gladiolus thrips, Taeniothrips simplex (Morison) (Smith et al. 1972). Wolfenbarger and Moore (1968) reported that aluminum foil repelled green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and leafminers, Liriomyza sp., in squash and tomato plots, but that honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and pickleworms, Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), were attracted to the aluminum-mulched squash plots. Also, we (Smith and Webb 1969) found that melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, were attracted to aluminum-mulched cucumber and muskmelon. Thus, though some insects are repelled by aluminum-mulched plots, other insect species may be attracted.

Journal Article Survival of Eggs of Liriomyza munda in Chrysanthemum During Cold Storage Get access Ralph E. Webb, Ralph E. Webb Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Floyd F. Smith Floyd F. Smith Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 63, Issue 4, 1 August 1970, Pages 1359–1361, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.4.1359 Published: 01 August 1970 Article history Received: 03 March 1970 Published: 01 August 1970

Journal Article Fertility of Eggs of Mexican Bean Beetles from Females Mated Alternately with Normal and Apholate-Treated Males Get access Ralph E. Webb, Ralph E. Webb Entomology Research Division, Age, Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Floyd F. Smith Floyd F. Smith Entomology Research Division, Age, Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 61, Issue 2, 1 April 1968, Pages 521–523, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.2.521 Published: 01 April 1968 Article history Accepted: 16 November 1967 Published: 01 April 1968