Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is an antioxidant vitamin important in protecting unsaturated fatty acids in lipid membranes from peroxidation. Variation in collection, storage, and shipping conditions of samples can potentially lead to breakdown of vitamin E prior to analysis. Therefore, the purposes of this project were 1) to determine the stability of vitamin E in refrigerated and frozen porcine liver and serum and 2) to evaluate the effects of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis on porcine serum vitamin E concentrations. Porcine liver and non-hemolyzed serum were collected and stored refrigerated or frozen. Samples were analyzed for Vitamin E immediately or on days 2, 3, 7, or 14. In addition, porcine RBCs were added to normal serum at concentrations from 1 X 10(6) to 1 X 10(9) RBC/ml and hemolyzed by freeze-thaw prior to analysis for vitamin E or products of lipid peroxidation.

Veal calf producers in Indiana have reported condemnation of carcasses due to icterus as well as condemnation of livers because of yellow discoloration, hepatomegaly and fibrosis. This study assessed the degree of hepatic injury in affected veal calves and correlated it with copper, iron and zinc concentrations in the liver and kidney. Tissues examined histopathologically were from slaughtered and necropsied veal calves. Hepatic lesions were divided into histopathologic categories of severity (minimal, moderate, marked or severe) based upon the degree of fibrosis, biliary epithelial hyperplasia, and inflammation. Hepatic copper levels decreased as the severity of lesions increased. The clinical observations and morphologic changes suggested initial hepatic damage before 9 w-of-age. The affected calves either died of acute copper toxicosis or survived to develop hepatomegaly, hepatic discoloration and/or fibrosis at the time of slaughter.

nously as a specific antidote. Diuresis should be initiated using sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride added to 5% dextrose to maintain a urine pH of 7.5. Renal function, serum electrolytes, and fluid therapy should be closely monitored. The only route of elimination is through the kidneys. Prognosis must be guarded because of the nephrotoxic effects of these compounds and the potential for disseminated intravascular coagulation. 2. Sax NI, Lewis RJ: 1989, Dangerous properties of industrial materials, 7th ed., vol. 3, p. 2847. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY. 3. Sheahan BJ, Pugh SM, Winstanley EW: 1971, Experimental sodium chlorate poisoning in dogs. Res Vet Sci 12:387-389. 4. Stair EL, Whaley M: 1990, Rapid screening and spot tests for the presence of common poisons. Vet Hum Toxicol 32:564-566. 5. Steffen C, Seitz R: 1981, Severe chlorate poisoning: report of a case. Arch Toxicol 48:281-288.

Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. agriculture, nutrition, and medicine. Champlain Printers, Bur19. Soil Conservation Service: 1988, Soil survey of Pottawattamie lington, VT. County, Iowa. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash21. Witte ST, Will LA, Olsen CR, et al.: 1993, Chronic selenium ington, DC. toxicosis in horses of western Iowa fed locally produced alfalfa 20. Trelease SF, Beath OA: 1949, Selenium: its geological occurhay. J Am Vet Med Assoc Feb 1, (in press). rence and its biological effects in relation to botany, chemistry,

2. Beasley VR, Dahlem AM, Cook WO, et al.: 1989, Diagnostic and clinically important aspects of cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) toxicoses. J Vet Diagn Invest 1:359-365. 3. Carmichael WW: 1992, Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites-the cyanotoxins. J Appl Bacterial 72:445-459. 4. Carmichael WW, Schwartz LD: 1984, Preventing livestock deaths from blue-green algae poisoning. USDA Farmer’s Bull 2275:1-12. 5. Chu FS, Huang X, Wei RD: 1990, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for microcystins in blue-green algal blooms. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 73:451-456. 6. Fassel VA: 1978, Quantitiative elemental analyses by plasma emission spectroscopy. Science 202:183-191. 7. Hooser SB, Beasley VR, Basgall EJ, et al.: 1990, MicrocystinLR-induced ultrastructural changes in rats. Vet Pathol 27:9-15. 8. Hooser SB, Beasley VR, Kuhlenschidt MS, et al.: 1989, Toxicity of microcystin-LR, a cyclic hepatopeptide hepatotoxin from Microcystis aeruginosa to rats and mice. Vet Pathol 26:246252. 9. Hooser SB, Beasley VR, Waite LL, et al.: 1991, Actin filament alterations in rat hepatocytes induced in vivo and in vitro by microcystin-LR, a hepatotoxin from blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa. Vet Pathol 28:259-266. 10. Zin LL, Edwards WC: 1979, Toxicity of blue-green algae in livestock. Bovine Pract 14: 151-153.

An 18-month-old, female Lhasa Apso was presented with inappetence, vulvar swelling, and mammary enlargement. A diagnosis of pseudocyesis was made and treatment was not warranted. The dog was presented 5 months later with vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and vaginal discharge. Antibiotics, fluids, and an infusion of whole blood were administered. Improvement was noted for 2 days, but the dog remained anorectic and depressed, developing severe leukocytosis and anemia, and died 7 days after admittance. Necropsy revealed no abnormal findings other than eight coins - one dime, six intact pennies, and one partially dissolved penny in the dog's stomach.

Several wild cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) fell from a rooftop following ingestion of overwintered hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) pommes. At necropsy, there was pericardial hemorrhage, although no microscopic abnormalities were found. Ethanol was present in crop contents (380 ppm) and in the livers (238 and 989 ppm). The cause of death was attributed to hemorrhage following a fall precipitated by ethanol intoxication.

An aerosol preparation containing 2.5% chlorpyrifos was applied to the tail and umbilicus of newborn pigs. Mortality was 7/7 pigs treated 0-3 hr after birth, 3/5 pigs treated at 24-30 hr, and 0/3 pigs treated 30-36 hr after birth. Clinical signs consistent with organophosphate (OP) toxicosis were demonstrated by pigs that subsequently died or were euthanatized in extremis. Blood and brain cholinesterase (ChE) activities were depressed in affected pigs compared to controls. Only 1/3 pigs treated 30-36 hr after birth had a diagnostically significant depression in blood ChE. These results indicate that piglets one day or less of age are susceptible to OP toxicosis by cutaneous absorption of chlorpyrifos.

Pregnant mature beef cows more than 6 mo from parturition were fed whole plant corn silage from either a silo (contaminated) that had been coated with a plastic containing polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) or from a silo (clean) that had not been coated with the plastic. In addition, a third group of cows was fed silage from the clean silo plus 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per head daily (added polychlorinated biphenyls). After 30 days on treatment, one cow from each of the three treatments had her fetus removed by Caesarean section for assay of liver, thyroid, and fat for polychlorinated biphenyls content. Tissue content of polychlorinated biphenyls for fetuses from cows fed clean silage, contaminated silage, or added polychlorinated biphenyls was (microgram/g): liver, 3.6, 4.7, and 54.1; thyroid, 2.3, 19.4, and 121.1; fat, .65, 18.1, and 130.6, indicating polychlorinated biphenyls cross the placenta readily. Cow milk (colostrum) contents of polychlorinated biphenyls on the 1st day following parturition for the three respective treatments were .54, 8.5, and 96.4 micrograms/g (clean silage, contaminated silage, and added polychlorinated biphenyls). Fetuses taken from cows that had been removed from polychlorinated biphenyl exposure for 6 mo reflected previous treatments of dams by increased fetal fat stores of polychlorinated biphenyls.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-piece arsine collection apparatusR. J. EversonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 6, 944Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00229a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00229a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Excretion in milk fat of Aroclor 1254 (a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl) by mature beef cows (Hereford and Hereford cross) was studied. Three groups of 6 cows each were fed primarily a corn silage diet characterized by 1) clean silage (stored in an uncontaminated silo), 2) silage stored in a silo coated with a sealant containing Aroclor 1254, and 3) clean silage to which 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per head daily was added (approximately 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight per day). Treatments were started approximately 3 mo prior to parturition and extended 1 mo after parturition, at which time treatments were discontinued, and cows and nursing calves were placed on pasture. Milk was sampled in the period between parturition and 132 days after discontinuance of treatments. Fat from the milk of cows fed silage from the silo which had not been sealed with the Aroclor 1254 product contained .69 to 1.59 ppm Aroclor 1254 throughout the 164-day lactation. Fat from cows fed silage from the silo treated with the Aroclor 1254 sealant contained more than ten times as much Aroclor 1254 (15.7 to 18.4 ppm) for 32 days as compared with the controls and then dropped to one-half that figure through the 164th day. Fat from the milk of cows fed 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per day contained from 119 to 150 ppm through the first 32 days and then dropped to 39 to 51 ppm through day 164.

In 4 occurrences of arsenic poisoning in cattle, the principal clinical sign was acute hemorrhagic diarrhea attributable to hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Arsenic concentrations in the liver, kidney and rumen contents varied. In one occurrence, arsenic in the hair of affected survivors was assayed at 0.8-3.40 ppm, vs 0.09-0.10 ppm in randomly selected control samples of hair. Sudden death was the only clinical sign in another occurrence in which gastric contents contained arsenic at 671 ppm. In another occurrence, arsenic poisoning caused lesions similar to those of salmonellosis.

Abstract A modification in the official methods for the determination of metals in feeds and fertilizers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry is presented. In lieu of digesting the samples in beakers and then filtering them into a volumetric flask, the samples are digested in a 250 ml volumetric flask, and then diluted to volume. This procedure and subsequent handling eliminates losses from spattering, transferring the sample from the beaker to the volumetric flask, and failure to thoroughly rinse the filter paper. The results obtained by the modification appear comparable to those obtained by the official methods.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Heptanone vs. 4-methyl-2-pentanone as extracting solvents in atomic absorption spectrophotometryR. J. Everson and H. E. ParkerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 13, 2040–2042Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60349a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60349a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of hydrogen ion concentration on the determination of lead by solvent extraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometryR. J. Everson and H. E. ParkerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 13, 1966–1970Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60349a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60349a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Eight-hydroxy-quinoline-agarose was prepared by the synthesis of 5-nitroso-8-hydroxy-quinoline and reduction to 5-amino-8-hydroxy-quinoline followed by cyanogen bromide coupling to agarose. The binding of zinc to 8-hydroxy-quinoline-agarose was studied by equilibrium dialysis. The data were evaluated by a Schatchard plot indicating an association constant of 0.60 × 109 mole−1 liter. This compares with a reported association constant of zinc to 8-hydroxy-quinoline in 50% dioxane of 9.12 × 109 mole−1 liter.