Journal of Small Animal PracticeVolume 41, Issue 8 p. 368-372 Free Access Deionised water and mast cell tumours R. L. Grier, R. L. Grier Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011–1250, USASearch for more papers by this authorG. Di Guardo, G. Di Guardo Istituto Zooprofilattico, Sperimentale delle Regioni, Lazio e Toscana, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMichael H. Jaffe, Michael H. Jaffe Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorGiselle Hosgood, Giselle Hosgood Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorSharon C. Kerwin, Sharon C. Kerwin Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorCheryl. S. Hedlund, Cheryl. S. Hedlund Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorH. Wayne Taylor, H. Wayne Taylor Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this author R. L. Grier, R. L. Grier Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011–1250, USASearch for more papers by this authorG. Di Guardo, G. Di Guardo Istituto Zooprofilattico, Sperimentale delle Regioni, Lazio e Toscana, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMichael H. Jaffe, Michael H. Jaffe Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorGiselle Hosgood, Giselle Hosgood Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorSharon C. Kerwin, Sharon C. Kerwin Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorCheryl. S. Hedlund, Cheryl. S. Hedlund Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this authorH. Wayne Taylor, H. Wayne Taylor Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinay Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 2000 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03223.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Gommerman, J. & Berger, S. (1998) Protection from apoptosis by streel factor but nor interleukin-3 is reversed through blockade of calcium influx. Blood, 91, 1891–1900. 10.1182/blood.V91.6.1891.1891_1891_1900 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Grier, R., Di Guardo, G., Myers, R. & Merkley, D. (1995) Mast cell tumor destruction in dogs by hyporonic solution. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 36, 385–388. 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02960.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Crier, R., Di Guardo, G., Schafer, C., Pedrosa, B., Myers, R., Merkley, D. & Thouvenelle, M. (1990) Mast cell rumor destruction by deionized water. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 51, 1116–1120. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Iaffe, M., Hosgood, G., Kerwn, S., Hedlund, C. & Taylor, H. (2000) Deionized water as an adjunct to surgery for the treatment of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 41, 7–11. 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03128.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Plumb, D. (1999) Veterinary Drug Handbook, 3rd edn. Iowa Stare Press, Ames . pp 355–358. Google Scholar Stephen, R., Novak, J., Jensen, E., Kablitz, C. & Buys, S. (1990) Effect of osmotic pressure on uptake of chemotherapeutic agents by carcinoma cells. Cancer Research, 50, 4704–4708. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Yanagi, H., Sankawa, H., Saito, H. & Jikura, Y. (1996) Effect of lidocaine on histamine release and Ca2+ mobilization from mast cells and basophils. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 40, 1138–1144. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb05577.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume41, Issue8August 2000Pages 368-372 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Distilled water was studied as an hypoosmotic oncolysis agent to prevent mast cell tumour (MCT) recurrence following surgical excision. The results from 118 MCTs excised in 74 dogs were: surgery alone, a recurrence rate of 52.6 per cent (10/19); and surgery followed by distilled water injections into the wound, a 26.2 per cent (26/99) recurrence rate. All of 10 small MCTs (0.03 to 0.25 cm3) injected with distilled water in situ with no surgery, regressed. The present data suggest that distilled water should be considered as an adjunct to surgery for canine MCTs.

In a controlled study, malignant murine P815 mastocytoma cells exposed in vitro to distilled and deionized water died as a result of progressive swelling, degranulation, and membrane rupture. A 90% mean cell death occurred when cells obtained directly from culture were exposed to deionized water for 2 minutes. Of 6 cryopreserved malignant murine cell lines, which included Cloudman S91 melanoma, CMT-93 rectum carcinoma, MMT-06052 mammary carcinoma, and S-180 Sarcoma, only P815 mastocytoma and YAC-1 lymphoma were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by hypotonic shock; Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were the most resistant. Mastocytoma cells were selectively killed by hypotonic solution, and lymphoma cells were also killed by isotonic saline solution. Local mast cell tumor (MCT) recurrence and percentage survival were evaluated in 12 cats (21 MCT) and 54 dogs (85 MCT) subjected to surgery alone or local infiltration of deionized water as an adjunct to surgery. Of all 16 incompletely excised MCT in cats, there was no local recurrence following injection. Four mast cell tumors (2 cats) regressed after being injected in situ. In dogs with clinical stage-I MCT, local recurrence was detected in 50% (5/10), but with injection after incomplete excision, local MCT recurrence was significantly (P less than 0.05) less (6.6%, 1/15). Percentage recurrence was significantly (P less than 0.05) less and survival significantly greater when incompletely excised grade-II MCT were injected. Mean follow-up period after surgery in cats and dogs was 35 and 23.4 months, respectively.

One hundred eighty-one adult cats, with body weight greater than 1.8 kg, were obtained from animal shelters, then were administered a sodium pentobarbital-lidocaine euthanasia agent by either the intraperitoneal (IP; n = 77) or intrahepatic (IH; n = 85) route. A preliminary study (n = 19 cats) indicated that most cats gave no indication of perception of injection (responding) if restraint was minimal and injection was rapid. During IP injection, 3 of the 77 cats (4%) responded (turned the head backward or vocalized). Of the 85 cats given IH injection, 8 (9%) responded; however, no response approached the magnitude of that observed after IM injection of ketamine hydrochloride. After either injection route, cats were observed for excitement (any exaggerated activities of stage-I and -II anesthesia (eg, vocalizing, flopping, sneezing, licking, running, paddling), and after cardiac standstill, cats were necropsied to identify exact location (final site) of the injection. Of 53 initial IP injections, final site for 22 (42%) was in the peritoneal cavity (PC). Use of a sideport needle (n = 24) did not significantly increase accuracy of IP injection. The small and large intestines were penetrated by 27% (15/55) of the IP injections from the right side, and the spleen was penetrated by 32% (7/22) of the left-side injections. Intrahepatic injection was significantly (P less than 0.05) more accurate, with 70 of 85 (82%) of the final sites being the liver only, the liver/PC, or the PC only. Twenty-five percent (13/53) of IP injections resulted in excitement (all stage-I and -II anesthesia-exaggerated activities cumulative to 30 seconds).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ten tumors from 7 dogs were analyzed for estrogen receptors. Of 9 determined to be mast cell tumors, 6 were determined not to have estrogen receptors (less than 3 fmol of estradiol/mg of cytosol protein) and 3 were questionable (3 to 10 fmol of estradiol/mg). One tumor was a mixed mammary tumor and was determined to have estrogen receptors (12 fmol of estradiol/mg). Histologic grading of the mast cell tumors did not suggest a correlation with estrogen receptor values.

The ability of bovine growth hormone therapy to stimulate regeneration of age involuted thymus glands in adult dogs was evaluated. The thymuses of growth hormone treated dogs regenerated, resembling thymic tissue of young dogs. Some of the thymuses of bovine serum albumin treated control dogs also regenerated, but only 2 of 5 control dogs had marked regeneration. White blood cell counts in peripheral blood were not different between groups. Serum thymosin alpha 1 concentrations were not different between groups, but decreased in each group during the treatment period.

Allogeneic tooth transplantation was evaluated as a functional and aesthetic treatment for dental fracture in the dog. Of 7 dogs that received tooth transplants, 5 were research animals and 2 were clinical patients. Canine teeth were transplanted immediately after extraction in the research dogs. Endodontic therapy had been performed on the affected canine tooth of one clinical patient. The other clinical patient had bilateral maxillary canine fractures 2 months earlier. One of the research dog transplants failed at 3 weeks as a result of improper surgical technique. Four of the research dogs had a solid implant for 18 months, after which time the dogs were euthanatized serially. All transplanted teeth were anchored firmly into the alveoli, but were nonviable. Root resorption, with bone replacement, was first noticed at 24 months. The transplanted tooth in the first clinical patient remained functional for 3 months, after which time the tooth was fractured. The right canine transplant in the second clinical patient failed by 3 months, probably because of preexisting periapical inflammation. The left transplanted tooth remains stable at 38 months. It was concluded that allogeneic tooth transplantation may have merit as a rapid and inexpensive method for replacement of fractured teeth in the dog. Function is compromised gradually as a result of root resorption and ankylosis, with tooth fracture likely to occur after 2 years.

Immunodeficient dwarfism in Weimaraner dogs was characterized by failure to grow, emaciation, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens, lack of thymus cortex, and recurrent infections usually resulting in death. Affected pups did not respond to conventional supportive therapy, but did respond to treatment with thymosin fraction 5. Response to therapy with bovine GH was monitored by clinical observation, histopathologic examination of thymic biopsy material, lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to nonspecific mitogens, and radioimmunoassay of thymosin alpha 1 concentration in the serum. Growth hormone therapy (0.1 mg/kg of body weight/dose, 14 doses) during a 1-month period in 2 immunodeficient dwarf pups resulted in clinical improvement and a marked increase in the thickness and cellularity of the cortex of the thymus. Immunodeficient dwarf pups were not deficient in serum thymosin alpha 1 before GH therapy. Growth hormone therapy was not associated with a consistent increase in serum thymosin alpha 1 concentration or lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens.

Thioproline (thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) was administered in a 16-week trial by either IM or subcutaneous routes to 23 dogs and 1 cat with solid tumors (12 animals) and incompletely excised malignant tumors (12 animals). Acute partial responses were observed in 3 of the 12 animals with solid tumors. In a mammary gland carcinoma and oral fibrosarcoma, there was tumor enlargement by the 4th day of drug therapy followed by partial regression. Drug activity appeared to be directed against tumor blood supply. Tumor progression occurred in 11 of the 12 other animals (incompletely excised tumors). Although 4 of 5 dogs with intranasal tumors were alive and relatively free of tumorous signs at 9 months or more after surgical operation was done, there was no microscopic evidence of reverse transformation or cytostatic activity in the 2 intranasal tumors that were reoperated upon. There was no hematologic or biochemical toxicosis noted. Apparent pain from injection and abscess formation were the most frequent complications from parenteral administration and would preclude using this method on a long-term basis.

SUMMARY Benzaldehyde in the form of an inclusion compound was administered orally to 8 dogs and 1 cat which had either inoperable or incompletely excised tumors. Tumor recurrence or progressive disease occurred in all animals during the 16-week trial. There was no clinical, hematologic, or biochemical evidence of toxicity during the study.

Local current field radiofrequency hyperthermia was applied to 33 superficial tumors in 11 cats and 5 dogs. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the cat was the most frequent tumor treated. Of 19 SCC in cats, 13 (68%) were reduced completely, combining complete and partial tumor reduction, there was an 89% favorable response to hyperthermia for SCC. A small number of other tumors such as fibrosarcoma in the cat and perianal tumors in the dog were favorably responsive. Local current field hyperthermia (50 C for 30 sec) resulted in destruction of tumor tissue as well as normal tissue. However, tissue destruction did not extend more than 2 or 3 mm from the electrodes. Ulcerative superficial tumors exposed to air rapidly reduced in size, and a dry eschar that developed fell off at 17 to 25 days.

Forty-five ocular squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in 17 cattle and 8 horses were treated by radiofrequency hyperthermia, resulting in 80% complete regression and 16% partial regression. Tumors were histologically diagnosed as SCC; 50% of the tumors were recurrent, having been treated previously by surgery, cryosurgery, radiation, or immunotherapy. After hyperthermic treatment, most animals were available for tumor measurement at 4 to 6 weeks and at 8 to 16 weeks, with a final observation period of 2 to 10 months for all. Complete regression occurred in 8 of 12 tumors given a second hyperthermic treatment. It was concluded that hyperthermia is an effective and easily applied treatment modality for ocular SCC in cattle and horses; however, it cannot be recommended for large tumors (larger than equal to 5 cm diameter) that have deep eyelid or conjunctival penetration.

SUMMARY The admission requirements and the examining process for applicants for admission to the American College of Veterinary Surgeons are described. Sample questions from the 1976 written examination are included along with the areas of veterinary surgery covered by the examination.

Veterinary SurgeryVolume 5, Issue 1 p. 63-65 GASTROTOMY, GASTROSTOMY ANDGASTRECTOMY R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D., R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D. Diplomate, American College of Veterinary SurgeonsSearch for more papers by this author R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D., R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D. Diplomate, American College of Veterinary SurgeonsSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.1976.tb01625.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume5, Issue1March 1976Pages 63-65 RelatedInformation

Veterinary SurgeryVolume 5, Issue 1 p. 10-12 INTESTINAL ANTISEPSIS AND TREATMENT OF PERITONITIS R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D., R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D. Diplomate, American College of Veterinary SurgeonsSearch for more papers by this author R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D., R.L. Grier D.V.M., Ph.D. Diplomate, American College of Veterinary SurgeonsSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.1976.tb01603.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume5, Issue1March 1976Pages 10-12 RelatedInformation