BACKGROUND:Presacral tailgut cysts are uncommon and few data exist on the outcomes following surgery.METHODS:Patients undergoing tailgut cyst resection at the Mayo Clinic between 1985 and 2008 were analysed retrospectively. Demographic data, clinicopathological features, operative details, postoperative complications and recurrence were reviewed.RESULTS:Thirty-one patients were identified (28 women), with a median age of 52 years. Seventeen patients were symptomatic and 28 had a palpable mass on digital rectal examination. Median cyst diameter was 4.4 cm. Four patients had a fistula to the rectum. Complete cyst excision was achieved in all patients; eight underwent distal sacral resection or coccygectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in eight patients but without 30-day mortality. Malignant transformation was present in four patients: adenocarcinoma in three and carcinoid in one. The cyst recurred in one patient after surgery for a benign lesion.CONCLUSION:Presacral tailgut cysts should be removed due to the risk of malignant transformation.

Purpose: To define the survival rates and relapse patterns in patients with isolated advanced nodal metastases secondary to colorectal cancer, treated with curative intent using aggressive combined-modality treatment.Methods and Materials: Forty-eight patients with isolated advanced lymph node metastases secondary to colorectal cancer received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of curative-intent treatment. Forty-seven patients also received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Chemotherapy was delivered concomitantly with EBRT in 35 patients. The median intraoperative radiotherapy dose was 1250 cGy. End points included local failure within the EBRT field, central failure within the intraoperative radiotherapy field, distant metastases, survival, and toxicity.Results: The median survival time and 5-year survival rate were 35 months and 34%, respectively. At 3 years, the local control and central control rates were 81% and 93%, respectively. Macroscopically complete resection and colonic primary site were predictors of survival and disease control. The median survival time and 5-year survival rate in patients with colonic primary sites and macroscopically complete resection were 53 months and 49%, respectively. Intraoperative radiotherapy-related neuropathy occurred in 3 patients and ureteral fibrosis in 1.Conclusion: With aggressive combined-modality therapy that includes intraoperative radiotherapy, long-term survival is achievable in colorectal cancer patients presenting with nodal relapse or advanced nodal disease. Survival and disease control rates are highest in those without gross residual disease. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc.

BACKGROUND & AIMS To determine accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of Crohn's disease perianal fistulas. METHODS Thirty-four patients with suspected Crohn's disease perianal fistulas were prospectively enrolled in a blinded study comparing EUS, MRI, and examination under anesthesia (EUA). Fistulas were classified according to Parks' criteria, and a consensus gold standard was determined for each patient. Acceptable accuracy was defined as agreement with the consensus gold standard for > or =85% of patients. RESULTS Three patients did not undergo MRI; 1 did not undergo EUS or EUA; and consensus could not be reached for 1. Thirty-two patients had 39 fistulas (20 trans-sphincteric, 5 extra-sphincteric, 6 recto-vaginal, 8 others) and 13 abscesses. The accuracy of all 3 modalities was > or =85%: EUS 29 of 32 (91%, confidence interval [CI] 75%-98%), MRI 26 of 30 (87%, CI 69%-96%), and EUA 29 of 32 (91%, CI 75%-98%). Accuracy was 100% when any 2 tests were combined. CONCLUSIONS EUS, MRI, and EUA are accurate tests for determining fistula anatomy in patients with perianal Crohn's disease. The optimal approach may be combining any 2 of the 3 methods.

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is a congenital vascular anomaly characterized by limb hypertrophy, cutaneous hemangiomas, and varicosities. GI hemorrhage is a potentially serious complication secondary to diffuse hemangiomatous involvement of the gut. We report on three patients with KTS who presented with transfusion-dependent anemia and life-threatening bleeding due to extensive cavernous hemangiomas involving the rectum. Two patients were treated by proctocolectomy and coloanal anastomosis, which preserved anal function while controlling bleeding. The third patient required an abdominoperineal resection because of extensive rectal, perianal, and perineal angiomatosis. The literature on the evaluation and management of GI hemorrhage in KTS, particularly of colorectal origin, is reviewed.

Diverticular disease, and particularly diverticulitis, has an increasing incidence in Westernized countries because of low-fiber diet. Diverticular disease may be classified as asymptomatic, atypical, acute or uncomplicated, and complicated. Conservative or medical management is usually indicated for acute or uncomplicated diverticulitis, with elective surgical resection generally being recommended after two documented episodes. Complicated diverticulitis, because of the high rate of recurrent problems, is generally managed promptly with sigmoid resection. Sigmoid resection for diverticulitis, under appropriate circumstances, has one of the highest success rates of any of the common gastrointestinal procedures.

PURPOSE: This study examines the risk factors for developing perianal abscess or fistula formation after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis procedure for chronic ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis. METHODS: A total of 1,457 patients with J-pouch, 1,304 (89.5 percent) with chronic ulcerative colitis and 153 (10.5 percent) with familial adenomatous polyposis who had a two-stage procedure without any evidence of previous perianal disease were included in the study. The effect of pouch-to-anal anastomosis type on perianal abscess or fistula formation was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 108 patients (7.4 percent) had a perianal abscess or fistula after the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis procedure after at least one year of follow-up. No statistically significant difference was identified in fistula formation regarding the age and gender of the patients (P>0.05), nor did the risk of fistula formation differ significantly between the patients with handsewnvs. stapled anastomoses (P>0.05). However, patients with a diagnosis of chronic ulcerative colitis, compared with patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, had a statistically higher risk of developing abscess or fistula (P=0.012). CONCLUSION: The most important risk factor in developing perianal sepsis in long-term patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the initial disease type. After excluding patients without Crohn's disease, the risk of developing an abscess or fistula was found to be significantly greater in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis compared with patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, and this risk is independent of anastomotic technique.

: The role of a temporary defunctioning stoma in patients undergoing coloanal anastomosis remains controversial. Previous experimental studies have shown that the defunctioned colon is more resistant to neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a defunctioning stoma was able to decrease complication rates and, also, to evaluate whether it had any impact on recurrence and survival rates in patients who underwent coloanal anastomosis. The records of 173 patients, 54 with benign rectal disease and 119 patients with cancer, operated on between 1980 and 1996, were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-nine patients had a defunctioning stoma, 34 in the benign rectal disease and 55 in the cancer group. Mean age was 57.2 years (range 17–88). There were 126 men and 47 women. Follow-up was 57.2 month (range 17–88). There were 126 men and 47 women. Follow-up was done by clinical examination, telephone or mailed questionnaire. Mean time of follow-up was 3.8 years (range 0–13 years). There was no operative mortality. Non-stoma patients tended to have more early complications (pelvic sepsis and obstruction) and more probability of having a permanent stoma than the stoma group, but no significant differences could be found between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The probability of being free of stricture was greater in the non-stoma group (stoma 62.6%; non-stoma 78.5%; P < 0.05). Probability of disease-free survival, at 5 years, for rectal cancer patients, was 73.7% for the stoma group and 53.6% for non-stoma group ( P = 0.02). After coloanal anastomosis, defunctioning stomas may decrease postoperative complications, increase the likelihood of anastomosis structure and allow a greater disease-free survival.

Surgery is the only treatment that can cure most patients with colorectal cancer. Radiation therapy (pre or postoperative) has been shown to improve results by decreasing local recurrence and improving survival. Our aim was to analyze whether postoperative radiation influenced long-term functional outcomes and the probability of stricture of anastomosis in patients who underwent coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer. Methods: The records of 84 patients with coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer were studied between 1980 and 1996. There were 82 males and 28 females. Mean age was 57.8 years (range 24 to 78 years). Mean distal resection margin was 2.6 cm (range 0 to 14cm). Twenty-three patients received postoperative irradiation therapy. Patients who received chemotherapy were not included in the study. Results were analysed by examination , telephone or questionnaire. Mean follow-up was 3.8 years (range 0 to 13 years). Results: There was no operative mortality. Functional variables were much better in non-irradiated patients. The irradiated group had more number of stools/day (p>0.05), more number of stools/ night (p>0.05), more incontinence/day (p<0.05) and more incontinence/night (p<0.05). Irradiated patients also wore more pads (p<0.05) than non-irradiated patients. The probability of remaining free of stricture at 5 years was slightly better in non-irradiated (72 percent) than in irradiated patients (65 percent, p>0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative irradiation after colo-anal anastomosis for rectal cancer is safe, but may increase the risk of stricture of anastomosis and does affect functional results adversely.

Review Articles| September 03 2010 Survey of Eclampsia – Clinical Aspects Subject Area: Further Areas , Oncology , Pathology and Cell Biology J. McClure Browne J. McClure Browne From the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hammersmith Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pathologia et Microbiologia (1961) 24 (4): 542–556. https://doi.org/10.1159/000161163 Article history Published Online: September 03 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. McClure Browne; Survey of Eclampsia – Clinical Aspects. Pathologia et Microbiologia 1 April 1961; 24 (4): 542–556. https://doi.org/10.1159/000161163 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPathobiology Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1961Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: 1) Disease control and survival will be evaluated for treatment regimens containing intraoperative electron irradiation (IOERT) for locally recurrent, previously unirradiated colorectal cancers. 2) Various prognostic factors will be evaluated to determine whether they have an impact on disease control or survival. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS: From April 1981 through August 1995, 123 patients with previously unirradiated locally recurrent colorectal cancers received IOERT at our institution, usually as a supplement to external beam irradiation (EBRT) and maximum resection. All received EBRT with or without concomitant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Forty-five Gy in 25 fractions was given to the tumor or tumor bed plus 3-cm to 5-cm margins in 121 of 123 patients and a boost of 5.4 to 9 Gy in 3 to 5 fractions to the tumor plus 2-cm margins. Maximum resection was performed before or after EBRT. IOERT doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy in 119 of 123 patients, with dose dependent on resection margins (130 fields in 123 patients). Maintenance chemotherapy was given to only two patients. RESULTS: Disease relapse and survival were evaluated. Central failure (within the IOERT field) was documented in 13 of 123 patients (11 percent) with a five-year actuarial rate of 26 percent. Local relapse (in EBRT field) occurred in 24 patients (20 percent); five-year rate was 37 percent. Distant metastases occurred in 66 patients (54 percent); five-year rate was 72 percent. Median survival was 28 months, with overall survival at two, three, and five years of 62, 39, and 20 percent, respectively. Tolerance data suggest a relationship between IOERT dose and incidence of Grade 2 or 3 neuropathy (≤12.5 Gy, 2 of 29 or 7 percent; ≥15 Gy, 19 of 101 or 19 percent;P=0.12). Survival and disease control were analyzed as a function of potential prognostic factors. None of the prognostic factors had a significant impact on disease control or survival. Although there was a trend for reduction in local relapse rates with gross total vs.partial resection, this neither achieved statistical significance nor translated into improved survival. Patients with gross residual disease after maximum resection had three-year and five-year survival rates of 36 and 18 percent, respectively, which paralleled results for patients with gross total resection at 41 and 24 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Encouraging trends for improved local control with or without survival exist in separate locally recurrent colorectal IOERT analyses from our institution and other institutions. Therefore, continued evaluation of IOERT approaches seems warranted. Disease control within the IOERT and external fields is decreased when the surgeon is unable to accomplish a gross total resection. Therefore, it is reasonable to consistently add 5-fluorouracil or other dose modifiers during EBRT and to evaluate the use of dose modifiers in conjunction with IOERT (sensitizers and hyperthermia). In view of high systemic failure rates of >50 percent in patients with locally recurrent disease, more routine use of systemic therapy is indicated as a component of IOERT-containing treatment regimens (use existent chemotherapy and/or develop effective immunotherapy and gene transfer therapy). Even with locally recurrent lesions, the aggressive multimodality approaches including IOERT have resulted in improved local control and long-term survival rates of 20 percentvs. an expected 5 percent with conventional techniques.

Purpose: Information in the literature regarding salvage treatment for patients with locally recurrent colorectal cancer who have previously been treated with high or moderate dose external beam irradiation (EBRT) is scarce. A retrospective review was therefore performed in our institution to determine disease control, survival, and tolerance in patients treated aggressively with surgical resection and intraoperative electron irradiation (IOERT) +/- additional EBRT and chemotherapy.Methods and Materials: From 1981 through 1994, 51 previously irradiated patients with recurrent locally advanced colorectal cancer without evidence of distant metastatic disease were treated at Mayo Clinic Rochester with surgical resection and IOERT +/- additional EBRT. An attempt was made to achieve a gross total resection before IOERT if it could be safely accomplished. The median IOERT dose was 20 Gy (range, 10-30 Gy). Thirty-seven patients received additional EBRT either pre- or postoperatively with doses ranging from 5 to 50.4 Gy (median 25.2 Gy). Twenty patients received 5-fluorouracil +/- leucovorin during EBRT. Three patients received additional cycles of 5-fluorouracil +/- leucovorin as maintenance chemotherapy.Results: Thirty males and 21 females with a median age of 55 years (range 31-73 years) were treated. Thirty-four patients have died; the median follow up in surviving patients is 21 months. The median, 2-yr, and 5-yr actuarial overall survivals are 23 months, 48% and 12%, respectively. The 2-yr actuarial central control (within IOERT field) is 72%. Local control at 2 years has been maintained in 60% of patients. There is a trend toward improved local control in patients who received greater than or equal to 30 GS EBRT in addition to IOERT as compared to those who received no EBRT or <30 Gy with 2-yr local control rates of 81% vs. 54%. Distant metastatic disease has developed in 25 patients, and the actuarial rate of distant progression at 2 and 4 years is 56% and 76%, respectively. Peripheral neuropathy was the main IOERT-related toxicity; 16 (32%) patients developed neuropathies (7 mild, 5 moderate, 4 severe). Ureteral narrowing or obstruction occurred in seven patients. All but one patient with neuropathy or ureter fibrosis received IOERT doses 20 Gy.Conclusion: Long term local control can be obtained in a substantial proportion of patients with aggressive combined modality therapy, but long-term survival is poor due to the high rate of distant metastasis, Reirradiation with EBRT in addition to IOERT appears to improve local control. Strategies to improve survival in these poor-risk patients may include the more routine use of conventional systemic chemotherapy or the addition of novel systemic therapies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.

We report a 3-year analysis (1986 to 1989) of the management of 63 home parenteral nutrition patients, 40 with short-bowel syndrome and 23 with chronic intestinal obstruction with or without intestinal resection. Intravenous fluid requirements varied from 0.9 to 6 L/day, and the content of glucose varied between 46 and 531 g/day, protein varied from .0 to 85 g/day, fat from .0 to 100 g/day, sodium from 37 to 695 mEq/day, potassium from 30 to 220 mEq/day, chloride from 60 to 760 mEq/day, and acetate from 0 to 200 mEq/day. Body weight was normalized and well maintained in the majority of patients, but using the strict definition of deficiency as the presence of one abnormal value during 3 years, more than half had abnormal plasma chloride, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, albumin, selenium, and iron concentrations, and more than a third had low calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin C levels. Normochromic anemia was seen in 73% and high blood creatinine associated with low urine volumes in 42%. Most (78%) returned to relatively normal lifestyles, but employability was occasionally impaired by loss of third-party insurance coverage resulting from a therapy that may cost $100,000 per year. Overall mortality was low (5% per year), but 73% needed readmission to hospital, mainly for suspected catheter sepsis. The results indicate that home parenteral nutrition has allowed many patients to survive gut failure and return to work but problems with chronic fluid, electrolyte and micronutrient deficiencies, catheter sepsis, and insurance coverage often restrict optimal rehabilitation.

American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons 91st Annual Convention Podium and Poster abstracts: PDF Only

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The aim was to assess the value of reoperative surgery for pouch-related complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for chronic ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Between January 1981 and August 1989, 114 of 982 IPAA patients (12%) seen at the Mayo Clinic had complications directly related to IPAA that required reoperation. Among the 114 patients, the complications prevented initial ileostomy closure in 33 patients (25%), occurred after ileostomy closure in 68 patients (60%), and delayed ileostomy closure in the remaining patients. The salvage procedures performed included anal dilatation under anesthesia for anastomotic strictures, placement of setons and/or fistulotomy for perianal fistulae, unroofing of anastomotic sinuses, simple drainage and antibiotics for perianal abscesses, abdominal exploration with drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses with or without establishment of ileostomy, and complete or partial reconstruction of the reservoir for patients with inadequate emptying. None of the reoperated patients died. Reoperation led to restoration of pouch function in two thirds of patients and, of these, 70% had an excellent clinical outcome. However approximately 20% of the 114 pouches required excision. Excision was common, especially among patients who had pelvic sepsis. Salvage procedures for pouch-specific complications can be done safely and will restore pouch function in two thirds of patients. Complications after reoperation, however, may ultimately lead to loss of the reservoir in one in five patients.