AbstractAn accurate grasp of the current situation and the development trend of livestock and poultry meat production in China is helpful to better ensure the adequate and stable supply of the meat market. In this paper, the trend and characteristics of China's livestock and poultry meat production over the past 30 years are analyzed from four aspects: production, structure, layout, and operation scale. The main factors affecting the evolution of China's livestock and poultry meat production from both internal and external aspects of the industry are explored. Finally, the development trend of the livestock and poultry industry in China is forecast based on the social and economic development trends and industry policy.

Research into socio-economic effects of source measures of the Nitrogen and Nature Improvement Programon the themes of material prosperity and labour. The effects on added value, turnover, production volumes and employment in the livestock farming complex have so far been limited. This is because a significant number of the measures are still in development or implementation has not yet been completed. However,there are strong regional consequences of the Pig Farming Restructuring, with a more than proportional decline in employment and the pig herd in a number of municipalities in the east of North Brabant and North Limburg. However, the economic consequences for the sector as a whole, including related chainparties, are limited.

For the transition towards pig farming without tail docking, an analysis has been performed of the cost increase, of conditions for supply chain implementation, and of opportunities and the feasibility of a calamity fund. Costs are mounting up to 26 euros per delivered pig, and to 29 euros per pig during the learning phase. Under the assumption that 5-15% of the pigs will have tail damage and thus will not be eligible for compensation, a remuneration of 28-31 euros per pig with undocked tail in good condition is necessary to cover costs on farm level. This derives from a model-based analysis, where assumptions were based on literature and interviews.

For the transition towards pig farming without tail docking, an analysis has been performed of the cost increase, of conditions for supply chain implementation, and of the possibilities and feasibility of a calamity fund. Costs are mounting up to €26 per delivered pig, and to €29 per pig during the learning phase. Under the assumption that 5-15% of the pigs will have tail damage and thus will not be eligible for compensation, a remuneration of €28-31 per pig with undocked tail in good condition is necessary to cover costs on farm level. This derives from a model-based analysis, where assumptions were based on literature and interviews.

The present study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge on HRD in small businesses by providing a detailed investigation of the role that owner-managers play in enabling social learning and performance in small firms. The investigation focusses particularly on the specific relationships of the social-interdependence orientation and social competence of owner-managers with their social learning behaviour, as well as with the performance of their small-businesses within the pig-production sector in the Republic of Korea. A survey was conducted amongst nearly 200 Korean owner-managers of pig farms. The results indicate that social interdependence orientations and social competencies have a significant relationship with social learning behaviour. Self-promotion and a cooperative orientation are especially important, with self-promotion taking precedence for social learning behaviour of a more 'internal' nature, and a cooperative attitude being more important social learning behaviour of a more 'external' nature. Social competence and social interdependence did not have a significant relationship with performance, but social learning behaviour did. The results further highlight the importance of individual social characteristics to social learning behaviour occurring outside highly structured educational settings, in addition to demonstrating that the competence and attitudes required are determined by the type of interaction partner.

This report provides insight into the current method of tariff differentiation between planned and regular stops when collecting rendering material from Dutch livestock farms. A differentiation between the rates of regular and scheduled stops contributes to the efficiency of the collection and processing process. The elimination of this tariff difference will most likely lead to an increase in supply and a decrease in efficiency and an increase in costs.

Which knowledge transfer would be helpful for pig production in China to increase sustainability and efficiency, and which ways of knowledge exchange are suitable? An analysis of these questions was performed. Knowledge sharing can be directed towards both large companies and middle-sized family farms. Needs regarding topics and approach differ among both types of farms. A train-the-trainer approach seems suitable for middle management (foremen) and family farm owners, making them ambassadors for further dissemination. Dutch companies have a potential role in knowledge transfer to Chinese trade partners, as the Netherlands is seen as a role model for the Chinese pig industry. Research has been performed on the apparently existing knowledge gap in Chinese pig production, against the background of policy and the societal situation, based on limited literature research and on interviews.---Welke kennisoverdracht kan de varkensproductie in China helpen om duurzamer en efficiënter te produceren, en welke manieren van kennisoverdracht zijn bruikbaar? Deze vragen zijn onderzocht. Kennisoverdracht kan plaatsvinden richting zowel grote ondernemingen als middelgrote familiebedrijven. Behoeften ten aanzien van thema’s en aanpak zijn verschillend tussen beide ondernemingstypen. Een train-de-trainer aanpak lijkt bruikbaar voor het middenmanagement en familiebedrijven, waarbij deze ambassadeurs worden voor verdere kennisverspreiding onder de werknemers. Nederlandse bedrijven hebben, vanuit Nederland als rolmodel, een potentiële rol in de kennisoverdracht naar Chinese handelspartners. Onderzoek is gedaan naar de kennelijke kennisleemte in de Chinese varkensproductie, tegen de achtergrond van de politieke en maatschappelijke situatie. Dit is uitgevoerd op basis van beperkt literatuuronderzoek en van interviews.

The cost of pig production in Northwest Europe in 2022 amounted to €2.03 per kg hot carcass weight. This was an increase of 26% compared to 2021. The main reason was the rising feed cost. Pig production in the Netherlands had just above average costs compared to neighbouring countries with €2.08 per kg. In piglet production it had a cost advantage compared to e.g., Germany, however, this advantage did not apply to finishing. Non-European countries Brazil and the USA had some 20% lower production costs than European countries. Findings come from InterPIG, an international network of experts in the economy of pig production in 18 countries with 20 years of experience in harmonised cost comparison.

Deze nota geeft een overzicht van de vleesconsumptie per hoofd van de bevolking in Nederland in de jaren 2005-2021. Het totale verbruik van vlees en vleeswaren per hoofd van de bevolking in Nederland ligt in 2021 op 76,1 kg (op basis van karkasgewicht). Dit betekent dat de daling in 2020 met bijna 2 kg ten opzichte van 2019 zich vrijwel heeft gehandhaafd in het ‘tweede coronajaar’ 2021. De hedendaagse cijfers blijven zodoende duidelijk op afstand van cijfers uit pre-coronajaren. De lichte toename in 2021 ten opzichte van 2020 wordt veroorzaakt door kleine stijgingen in het verbruik van roodvlees (varken en rund) terwijl witvlees (kip en gevogelte) een geringe daling laat zien.

Societal interest in all aspects of sustainability has increased. Therefore, pig farmers need to be aware of their strengths and weaknesses in all dimensions of sustainability: economy, environment, social wellbeing, and animal health and welfare. Our aim was to describe and critically discuss the development of a sustainability assessment tool for pig farms and to evaluate its suitability by applying it to 63 European pig farms (13 breeding, 27 breeding-to-finishing, and 23 finishing farms). The multi-criteria assessment tool was developed in several steps (the selection and scaling of indicators and their aggregation and weighting) in order to summarise the indicators into subtheme and theme scores. The indicators contributing the most to the subtheme/theme scores were identified and discussed in order to evaluate the procedure of the development. For example, some indicators, such as Ecological compensation area, Fairness of prices, and Tail docking, for which farms were scored low, were also identified as “real world problems” in other studies. For other sustainability aspects with low performance, the threshold might have been set too ambitiously, e.g., for Number of sows per annual working unit. Furthermore, to analyse the suitability of the tool, we assessed the best and worst median theme scores (good and poor performances) for each dimension, as well as the variability of the performances of the farms within the themes. Some themes were found to be moderate, such as Pig comfort, Biodiversity, or Resilience, whereas others were found to be good, e.g., Water and the Human–animal relationship, as well as several themes of the social wellbeing dimension. Overall, the sustainability tool provides a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability of pig production. Furthermore, this publication contributes to both the theory (development of a robust sustainability tool) and the practice (provision of a tool to assess and benchmark the sustainability on farms). As a next step, a sensitivity analysis should be performed, and the tool should be applied for further development.

Er wordt al lange tijd gewerkt aan de verduurzaming van de veehouderijsectoren. In dit rapport wordt een overzicht gegeven van maatregelen en stimulansen die invloed hebben gehad op de verduurzaming van de melkveehouderij, varkenshouderij en pluimveehouderij in de periode van 1980 tot 2020. Bij verduurzaming gaat het in dit rapport met name om de thema’s milieu (stikstof, fosfaat), klimaat, dierenwelzijn en diergezondheid.

A table was composed with options for ammonia reduction from organic pig houses. Compared to the present situation, it is important to prevent pen fouling and to reduce emissions from the manure pit. The different options show potential reductions of ammonia emission varying from approx. 20 to 55%.

The war in Ukraine and related sanctions are affecting the cost of agricultural production and the yield prices of agricultural products. There is a need for government and industry to estimate the effects of this on the incomes of entrepreneurs in the agricultural sectors. This study provides an update of the inventory of the possible income effects carried out in April 2022 on various subsectors within the primary agriculture sector.

The presence of African Swine Fever (ASF) and its impacts on the global pig meat market has been gaining increased attention in recent times. Although more than 2,400ASFevents have been observed across the world since 2016, none of them have had the unprecedented consequences of the current outbreak in China. In an attempt to control the disease that has been spreading through East Asia since 2018, massive slaughtering has been taking place, with important consequences for both Chinese and international pork prices. With around half of the Chinese herd having to be slaughtered, a number of questions arise with regard to the prospects for the pork market and the uncertainties about the paths that prices will follow in responding to long-term market fundamentals. This article focuses on the impact of theASFoutbreak in East Asia on the European pig sector. In particular it analyses potential global pork market developments under two different recovery paths, employing a combination of an Equilibrium Displacement Model and theAGMEMODmodelling system, to provide results atEUand global levels to 2030. Our simulation results point to a short to medium-term expansion of production capacity in response to higher market prices.