The areas in and along a 262-km length of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania were monitored for the presence of radioactive materials. This study began two months after the 1979 Three Mile Island (TMI) partial reactor meltdown; it spanned the next 25 y. Monitoring points included stations at the PPL Susquehanna and TMI nuclear power plants. Monthly gamma measurements document concentrations of radionuclides from natural and anthropogenic sources. During this study, various series of gamma-emitting radionuclide concentration measurements were made in many general categories of animals, plants, and other inorganic matter. Sampling began in 1979 before the first start-up of the PPL Susquehanna power plant. Although all species were not continuously monitored for the entire period, an extensive database was compiled. In 1986, the ongoing measurements detected fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. These data may be used in support of dose or environmental transport calculations.

This 25-y study monitored aquatic and terrestrial gamma-ray emitting radionuclide concentrations near a nuclear power plant. It is the only known, long term, independently verified, environmental survey of its kind. Sensitive, environmental, bioaccumulating entities included periphyton, flocculated sediment, lichens, and litterfall-humus. They were used to biomonitor the Susquehanna River and surrounding land areas near the PPL Susquehanna nuclear power plant. Sampling began in 1979, before the first plant start-up, and continued for the next 24 y. Approximately 300 monthly data sets cover this time period. Monitoring began 2 mo after the Three Mile Island accident of 28 March 1979, and includes a river monitoring station below Three Mile Island. Ongoing measurements also detected fallout from Chernobyl in 1986. Results indicate that periphyton is the best overall biomonitor. Particular radionuclides exhibit preferential sorption in different biomonitors. Lichens and litter-humus are essentially equivalent radionuclide detectors on land. Although rarely a PPL power plant release, (131)I is a river contaminant. (131)I concentrations are not found uniformly along the entire river, but rather higher concentrations are localized near urban areas. Data indicate that PPL Susquehanna's radionuclide releases have had no known negative environmental or human health impact. This entire study can serve as a useful background radiological database.

This 25-y study monitored aquatic and terrestrial gamma-ray-emitting radionuclide levels near a nuclear power plant. It is the only known, long-term environmental survey of its kind. It was conducted neither by a utility owner, nor by a government agency, but rather by a private, environmental research institution. Compared to dozens of other flora and fauna, periphyton was found to be the best indicator to biomonitor the Susquehanna River, which runs near PPL Susquehanna's nuclear plant. Sampling began in 1979 before the first plant start-up and continued for the next 24 years. Monitoring began two months after the Three Mile Island accident of 28 March 1979 and includes Three Mile Island area measurements. Ongoing measurements detected fallout from Chernobyl in 1986, as well as I not released from PPL Susquehanna. Although this paper concentrates on radionuclides found in periphyton, the scope of the entire environmental program includes a wide variety of aquatic and land-based plants, animals, and inorganic matter. Other species and matter studied were fish, mussels, snails, crayfish, insects, humus, mushrooms, lichens, squirrels, deer, cabbage, tomatoes, coarse and flocculated sediment, and more. Results show periphyton works well for detection of radionuclide activity, even in concentrations less than 100 Bq kg (picocuries per gram amounts). Data indicate that PPL Susquehanna's radionuclide releases have had no known environmental or human health impact.

The Diatoms of tbe United States has been printed in two volumes: Volume 1 (1966, and a second printing in 1978 with minor emendations); and Volume 2, Part 1 (1975). Addenda and corrigenda for these volumes and printings are provided here. The literature cited in the Systematic Section of these volumes, originally intended to be collated in a final publication, is published here.

The present investigation was designed to determine the nutritional content of Myocastor coypus (nutria). Proximates, total petroleum ether extractable fatty acids, cholesterol, iron, sodium, calcium, vitamins A and C were determined. In comparing male versus female and young versus old nutria there were no differences in protein and moisture; however, there were significant differences in total petroleum ether extractable fat, ash, and cholesterol content. Average results for meat from all animals were 1.3 g for total petroleum ether extractable fat, 1.0 g ash, 22.1 g protein, 36 mg for cholesterol, 1.7 mg for iron, 67 mg for sodium, and 5.2 mg for calcium per 100 g wet weight. Nutria petroleum ether extractable fat was generally richer in saturated (43%) than mono (33%) and polyunsaturated fat (24%). As expected, nutria was not a good source of vitamins A and C. In summary, nutria is an excellent nutritional source of protein which is low in fat and cholesterol. Thus, nutria meat provides a healthy alternative food which complies with current healthy and dietary recommendations for low fat, low cholesterol diets.

[Figure: see text] ▪ Abstract Ruth Patrick's scientific career has been devoted to the study of freshwater organisms in water. It started with studies of diatoms. She found one could interpret the condition of water by studying diatoms. This study of the ecology of diatoms expanded into ecological studies of communities of organisms that live in streams. By shifts in the structure of communities she was able to show the effects of various types of pollution on the aquatic ecosystem. This was the first time an organized team of biologists had been used to study the effects of pollution in streams. Through this research she showed that freshwater ecosystems were characterized by large numbers of species with very different environmental requirements operating in each stage of nutrient and energy transfer in the food web. These species belonged to many different phylogenetic groups. This redundancy gives stability to the system.

The results of studies concerning the effects of artificially increasing temperature and naturally and artificially increasing day length are discussed. Naturally increasing day length was more favorable for community development than increasing clay length by artificial light. Increasing temperature is most beneficial when temperatures are near 0C. Moving away from the limits of tolerance at either end of the range produced the greatest changes in the structure of diatom communities. Intermediate changes near the optimum range produced less predictable results. One new variety of Gomphonema olivaceoides is described.

These experiments were designed to determine the degree and kind of variability in the structure of the community that one might expect under very similar ecological conditions. The results of these experiments show that 95.5% to 98.0% of the specimens composed the same species in the eight communities. About 5% of the specimens were in the remaining species in one series of experiments and 1% to 2% of the species in the second series. The Shannon-Weaver diversity indices and the structures of the truncated log-normal curves representing the communities in a given series were also very similar.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 108, Issue 2 p. 359-365 THE STRUCTURE OF DIATOM COMMUNITIES UNDER VARYING ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Ruth Patrick, Ruth Patrick Department of Limnology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this author Ruth Patrick, Ruth Patrick Department of Limnology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13389.xCitations: 37AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume108, Issue2Life‐Like Forms in Meteorites and the Problems of Environmental Control on the Morphology of Fossil and Recent ProtobiontaJune 1963Pages 359-365 RelatedInformation

Previous articleNext article Variation in the Structure of Natural Diatom CommunitiesRuth Patrick and Dennis StrawbridgeRuth Patrick and Dennis StrawbridgePDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 97, Number 892Jan. - Feb., 1963 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/282253 Views: 9Total views on this site Citations: 20Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Vandana Vinayak, S. Gautam Diatoms in Forensics: A Molecular Approach to Diatom Testing in Forensic Science, (Jul 2019): 435–470.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119370741.ch18R. Venkatachalapathy, P. Karthikeyan Application of Diatom-Based Indices for Monitoring Environmental Quality of Riverine Ecosystems: A Review, (Feb 2015): 593–619.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13425-3_28Steven N. Francoeur, Steven T. Rier, Sarah B. Whorley Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Wetland Algae, (Aug 2013): 1–58.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6931-1_1H. John B. Birks Numerical methods for the analysis of diatom assemblage data, (Sep 2010): 23–54.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763175.004R. Jan Stevenson, Yangdong Pan, Herman van Dam Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms, (Sep 2010): 57–85.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763175.005Eugene F. Stoermer, J. Patrick Kociolek Charlie: A tribute to Dr. Charles W. Reimer (14 May 1923—30 November 2008), Diatom Research 24, no.22 (Nov 2009): 521–536.https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705821Michael A. Huston, Steve Wolverton The global distribution of net primary production: resolving the paradox, Ecological Monographs 79, no.33 (Aug 2009): 343–377.https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0588.1Janne Soininen, Riku Paavola, Janina Kwandrans, Timo Muotka Diatoms: unicellular surrogates for macroalgal community structure in streams?, Biodiversity and Conservation 18, no.11 (Aug 2008): 79–89.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9447-8Janne Soininen LOCAL AND REGIONAL COEXISTENCE OF DIATOMS—ON THE MECHANISMS PROMOTING HIGH LOCAL DIATOM SPECIES RICHNESS, Diatom Research 21, no.11 (May 2006): 217–223.https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705659Joan Gomà, Frédéric Rimet, Jaume Cambra, Lucien Hoffmann, Luc Ector Diatom Communities and Water Quality Assessment in Mountain Rivers of the Upper Segre Basin (La Cerdanya, Oriental Pyrenees), Hydrobiologia 551, no.11 (Nov 2005): 209–225.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-4462-1Aloisie Poulíčková, Martin Duchoslav, Martin Dokulil Littoral diatom assemblages as bioindicators of lake trophic status: A case study from perialpine lakes in Austria, European Journal of Phycology 39, no.22 (May 2004): 143–152.https://doi.org/10.1080/0967026042000201876Janice L. Pappas, Eugene F. Stoermer QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING A REPRESENTATIVE ALGAL SAMPLE COUNT 1, Journal of Phycology 32, no.44 (Jun 2008): 693–696.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00693.xPeggy W. Lehman, Robert W. Smith Environmental factors associated with phytoplankton succession for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Bay estuary, California, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 32, no.22 (Feb 1991): 105–128.https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(91)90009-ZRaymond A. Wassel, Aaron L. Mills Changes in water and sediment bacterial community structure in a lake receiving acid mine drainage, Microbial Ecology 9, no.22 (Jul 1983): 155–169.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02015128 Bibliography, (Jan 1975): 209–224.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-176750-1.50018-XPaul Tett The use of log-normal statistics to describe phytoplankton populations from the Firth of Lorne area, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 11, no.22 (May 1973): 121–136.https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(73)90051-8Anne C. Edden A measure of species diversity related to the lognormal distribution of individuals among species, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 6, no.33 (Apr 1971): 199–209.https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(71)90019-0William K. Reisen, Deirdre J. Spencer SUCCESSION AND CURRENT DEMAND RELATIONSHIPS OF DIATOMS ON ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES IN PRATER'S CREEK, SOUTH CAROLINA 1,2, Journal of Phycology 6, no.22 (Jun 2008): 117–121.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1970.tb02368.xR. H. Whittaker Dominance and Diversity in Land Plant Communities: Numerical relations of species express the importance of competition in community function and evolution, Science 147, no.36553655 (Jan 1965): 250–260.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3655.250Sam L. Van Landingham Some physical and generic aspects of fluctuations in non-marine plankton diatom populations, The Botanical Review 30, no.33 (Jul 1964): 437–478.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858540

Dr. Renn has discussed in a most interesting way how certain invertebrates are adapted to cope with various types of sediments in their environment. He has pointed out that some of these sediments are inorganic and others are organic in nature. One might also add that some of these arise from the soil whereas others are of industrial origin. The latter group, owing to their composition, may produce unfavorable conditions which are quite different from the effects due to their being particulate matter.

Research Article| November 01, 1956 SEDIMENTS OF LAKE PATZCUARO, MICHOACAN, MEXICO G. E HUTCHINSON; G. E HUTCHINSON OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALF UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar RUTH PATRICK; RUTH PATRICK OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALF UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar EDWARD S DEEVEY EDWARD S DEEVEY OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALF UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information G. E HUTCHINSON OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALF UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT RUTH PATRICK OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALF UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT EDWARD S DEEVEY OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALF UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 23 Aug 1955 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1956, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1956) 67 (11): 1491–1504. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1956)67[1491:SOLPMM]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 23 Aug 1955 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation G. E HUTCHINSON, RUTH PATRICK, EDWARD S DEEVEY; SEDIMENTS OF LAKE PATZCUARO, MICHOACAN, MEXICO. GSA Bulletin 1956;; 67 (11): 1491–1504. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1956)67[1491:SOLPMM]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The recent sedimentary history of Lake Patzcuaro was investigated by pollen analysis in 1944, and a dry climatic phase, probably hundreds or thousands of years ago, seemed to be indicated by maximal abundance of nonarboreal (grass, chenopod, and composite) pollen. The work of Sears on Lake Texcoco, 250 km east, prompted a reinvestigation of the Patzcuaro pollen sequence and a study of the chemistry and the diatom flora of the sediment cores. On the basis of Sears' Index of Humidity (the ratio of Quercus +Alnus+ Abies pollen to the total arboreal pollen, which is minimal in the driest intervals when Pinus is most abundant), there is clear evidence of a dry phase within the zone of abundant nonarboreal pollen, but the latter now seems to have no direct climatic significance. Instead, since the nonarboreal pollen, particularly its chenopod (+ amaranth?) component, is most abundant during moist phases just preceding and just following the newly defined dry phase, the fluctuations of nonarboreal pollen seem to reflect agricultural practice and, ultimately, demographic history.The sequence as now interpreted correlates remarkably well with that from the Valley of Mexico, and, using the archaeologic dates that Sears established there, there are: zone D, pre-Archaic (before 1500 B.C.), dry; zone C, early and middle Archaic (1500–500 B.C.), moist; zone B, late Archaic-Teotihuacan (500 B.C.–A.D. 900), climate fluctuating, but with at least one markedly dry episode; zone A, Nahua (A.D. 900–1521), moist. The few archaeologic data and the folklore from the Patzcuaro region tend to confirm this interpretation. There are some differences between the Patzcuaro and the Texcoco pollen sequences, notably in the less well marked character of the last (moist) phase in Patzcuaro.Of particular interest is the evidence of relatively intense aridity shown in the cores at the inferred late Archaic or Teotihuacan level: a minimum of Sears' Index corresponds to a strong increase in the calcium content of the sediments, and to a zone having only shallow-water benthic and littoral diatoms, above and below which the normal planktonic diatom flora is recorded. The two independent evidences for increased evaporation or reduced rainfall suggest that the dry phase was due to climatic causes and not to culture or volcanism. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

American Journal of BotanyVolume 21, Issue 7 p. 374-395 Article A FURTHER STUDY OF DISMAL SWAMP PEAT† E. C. Cocke, E. C. Cocke Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, University, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorI. F. Lewis, I. F. Lewis Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, University, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorRuth Patrick, Ruth Patrick Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, University, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this author E. C. Cocke, E. C. Cocke Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, University, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorI. F. Lewis, I. F. Lewis Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, University, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorRuth Patrick, Ruth Patrick Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, University, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1934 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1934.tb04969.xCitations: 4 †Contribution from the Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume21, Issue7July 1934Pages 374-395 RelatedInformation