Smoking in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with higher mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and complication rates. Post cessation weight gain and psychologic burden are common distractors from cessation goal. Tailoring interventions for this population could improve cessation rates. We recruited DM patients that consented to participate in an intense program including behavioral support and varenicline (Fig.1a). 64 smokers were informed and 54 accepted to participate. Characteristics shown on Fig.1b. At the end of the program 59.2% quit smoking. Changes of rest metabolism rate (DM 2 only), HbA1c and body weight were not significant, while self-reported physical activity increased (Fig.2a,2b). Results were attributed to strong recommendations on physical activity and healthy diet. SCL90 improved significantly in the quit smoking (QS) group. Fagerstrom, SCL90 total, SCL90 somatization and depression subscores, at study entry, did not differ between the QS group and those that failed (NQS). SCL90 anxiety subscore was higher for NQS (p=0.017). An intense cessation program helps DM patients quit, without gaining weight, while improving psychopathology score.

Aims: To estimate and compare the prescription costs for the management of patients with diabetes over a period of 20 years in Greece, based on real world data. Methods: The records of outpatients with T2D, monitored at three diabetes centres, were examined in four cross-sections (1998, 2006, 2012, 2018). Prescribed medicines per patient, along with a set of clinical indicators were recorded. Annual costs of pharmaceutical treatment per patient were calculated by using each year's nominal retail prices, as well as by adjusting for 2018 price levels, in order to account for price differences over time. Results: 4066 patients were included in the analysis. Prescription patterns indicate a quick uptake of the new classes of glucose-lowering drugs and a reduction in the proportional use of sulfonylurea and glitazone. Adjusting for 2018 prices, the average total annual prescription cost per patient was 381.54 Euros (s.d. 297.44) in 1998 and 1147.21 Euros (s.d. 814.39) in 2018. Glucose-lowering drug costs per patient increase from 1998 onwards, whereas the costs of antihypertensive, antiplatelet and lipid-lowering treatment declined gradually, especially after 2006. Conclusions: Per patient prescription costs for glucose-lowering drugs present a steep increase, in Greece over the last 20 years. Real-world evidence studies that compare this increase with the changes in patient outcomes are essential in order to examine whether a costs-vs-outcomes balance is optimal. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.