The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China, fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners. The complex comprises four accelerators: a 30 GeV Linac, a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring, a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV, and a Collider operating at varying energy modes (Z, W, H, and ttbar). The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface, while the Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel, strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a Super Proton Proton Collider (SPPC). The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory. In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation (SR) power of 30 MW per beam, it can achieve a luminosity of 5e34 /cm^2/s^1, resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 /ab for two interaction points over a decade, producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons. Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons, facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels, exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude. This Technical Design Report (TDR) follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report (Pre-CDR, 2015) and the Conceptual Design Report (CDR, 2018), comprehensively detailing the machine's layout and performance, physical design and analysis, technical systems design, R&D and prototyping efforts, and associated civil engineering aspects. Additionally, it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline, establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures. Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028, pending government approval, with an estimated duration of 8 years. The commencement of experiments could potentially initiate in the mid-2030s.

The PCA correction method consists of a global analysis of turn-by-turn data obtained from beam position monitors (BPMs). One of its main advantages is speed of operation and the ability to detect pulsating power supplies. Along with this, a wide range of applications characterizes the PCA method: determination of perturbations of the accelerator magnetic structure, calculation of transport matrix elements and optical functions, and determination of the magnitude of the transverse coupling. A software prototype implementing the proposed correction method was written and tested on the electron-positron collider VEPP-4M for experimental validation. In the experiments, perturbations were introduced one by one into individual elements of the skew-quadrupole and quadrupole corrections. In one case, the excitation of betatron oscillations was carried out by the kick of the inflector. In another case, the oscillations were excited by resonant swing with a depolariser. It was found that, despite the simplicity of practical implementation, the examined method has some nuances that make it difficult to obtain and identify correct results. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify the introduced perturbations of quadrupole and skew-quadrupole corrections. Moreover, it was possible to detect a magnet with low-frequency pulsations by characteristic changes in the estimated invariants. In addition, the possibility of determining the integral coupling parameters in experiments on the observation of resonantly excited eigen modes having the shape of ellipses in the plane transverse to the beam motion axis is considered.

New derivatives of 2-methoxy-1-tetrazolylmethyldiazene 1-oxides bearing additional explosophoric groups were synthesized. The reactions of the appropriate aminotetrazoles with trinitromethane in the presence of paraformaldehyde gave trinitroethylamine derivatives and nitration of these aminotetrazoles with dinitrogen pentoxide led to nitramines.

Using the MADX options, the stages of orbit correction and then optics correction were simulated, taking into account the specified tolerances for the positioning of magnetic elements and girders in the Siberian Circular Photon Source (SKIF, the Russian acronym). Numerical modeling of hte effect of residual perturbations of the guide field on the vertical emittance and vertical size of the beam has been carried out. A generalized method of skew-quadrupole coupling correction in SKIF has been developed and verified by simulation, which allows simulteneously minimizing the vertical dispersion and compensating for the linear difference coupling resonance.

An apparatus for studying the processes of laser action on various materials, including biological tissue, is described. The system makes it possible to obtain thermograms of the sample surface, conduct high-speed video recording, and record acoustic signals in a wide frequency range during experiments. The system was tested using a pulsed nanosecond high-frequency laser source with a wavelength of 3.03 μm. The samples were exposed to pulses with a duration of 1.5 ns and a frequency of 8 MHz. It is shown that it is possible to use a laser system to obtain incisions on biological tissues of various types without carbonization. The obtained experimental data made it possible to clarify the mechanism of the action of laser radiation on the surface of water-saturated biological tissues.

Using computer simulation methods, the geometry of the blocks in a poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) Zylon® polymer chain was established. The computational results obtained by the simulations showed the rotational barrier of the conformational transition of the benzobisoxazole block and that the polymer was not strictly linear. An assumption was made about the possibility of the transition of Zylon into various conformational states when creating high-strength fibers.

Synthesis of halomethyl derivatives of 2-methoxydiazene 1-oxides was developed. It was shown that alkylation of tetrazole salts with bromomethyl and iodomethyl derivatives gave the mixtures of two isomers at the positions 1 and 2 of the tetrazole ring. Alkylation of 5-nitrotetrazole selectively afforded the isomer at the N(2) position of the tetrazole ring.

Surface texturing is widely used in modern photovoltaic converters to improve light capture and increase efficiency. This paper focuses on the influence of the surface texture on the mechanical strength of silicon wafers. Various existing test methods and approaches for measuring the mechanical strength of silicon wafers are discussed and reviewed. The surface morphology of silicon wafers with different textures is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical strength of thin (<200 mu m) silicon wafers with different surface textures is measured with a ring-on-ring bending test. A finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the maximum stress. Weibull statistical theory is applied to the measured fracture stresses. The mean fracture strength, its standard deviation, the Weibull characteristic strength, and the Weibull modulus are obtained for silicon wafers with various surface textures. The fracture strength of silicon wafers is strongly affected by the surface texture. It is found that the fracture strength of silicon wafers with pyramidal textures increases with decreasing size of the pyramids. A new type of surface texture produced by a V2O5 selective oxidation exhibited fracture comparable or higher than that of the wafers with conventional pyramidal textures produced by alkaline etching.

Due to the Sokolov–Ternov natural radiative mechanism, the electron–positron storage rings feature a unique possibility of creating spin polarization of circulating beams. The resulting transverse polarization of particles is mainly used to precisely calibrate the beam energy by measuring the spin precession frequency using the resonant depolarization technique (RD). RD is considered the most accurate method for instantaneous determination of particle energy. To date, RD has been applied in several laboratories around the world to measure the mass of various particles. The best result was obtained in experiments at BINP (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on the VEPP-4M collider with the KEDR detector, in which the masses of narrow resonances of $$J/\psi $$ and $$\psi (2S)$$ were measured with a world-record accuracy of $$10^{-6}$$ . We describe the principles and technical details of application of the resonant depolarization at the VEPP-4M collider. Experimental results are presented for various conditions of measuring the spin precession frequency by this method. The experience gained allows us to discuss possible features of RD application at future Higgs and Electroweak $$e^+e^-$$ Factories from the projects FCC-ee and CEPC.

Relevance. In modern conditions, the innovative development of the region is largely determined by the environment that promotes the activation of innovative activities of regional stakeholders. The formation of an innovative environment becomes an important task due to the objective process of transition from an economy based on production factors to an economy based on knowledge. Moreover, socio-economic factors (the quality of the infrastructure environment, the state of the economy and the innovation system) affect innovative development to a greater extent than scientific and technological progress. The economic behavior of a society is formed on the basis of established behavioral attitudes and moral values as a socio-cultural vector of its development. In this regard, there is an objective need to study the formation of the innovative environment of the region from the standpoint of the socio-cultural approach. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical justification for the use of the socio-cultural approach in the study of the problem of the formation of the innovation environment in the region, as well as to analyze the socio-cultural factors in terms of their impact on the innovation activity of regional stakeholders. The objectives of the research are to study the theoretical foundations and methodological aspects that reveal the issues of the formation of the innovation environment of the region, as well as to justify the use of a socio-cultural approach to study the interaction of stakeholders of the innovation process and their attitude to innovation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods of cognition, statistical methods, as well as the principles and methods of the systematic approach. The information component of the study includes data from Russian state statistics, reference data from domestic and foreign scientific literature, materials of scientific and practical conferences, scientific journals and the Internet environment. Results. As a result of the study, it is established that the innovative development of the region involves the improvement of the system of social reproduction on the basis of the introduction of technological, institutional and social innovations. The modern paradigm of regional development is based on a set of approaches, among which, according to the authors, the socio-cultural approach is becoming relevant, involving the study and assessment of such factors as the socio-cultural profile of the region, the attitude of the population to new technologies and to technological entrepreneurship. In the course of the study, the main principles of the formation of the innovation environment of the region are formulated, taking into account the concept of «smart specialization» and the model of "four-link spiral of innovation". Conclusions. The innovation environment of the region is a source that creates "windows of opportunity" for stakeholders of the innovation process, and causes stagnation of regional innovation activity. The perception of innovations by all participants of the innovation process, determined by individual characteristics and group socio-economic characteristics, is a factor of openness to new technological achievements. This fact should be taken into account in the innovation policy of the region with an emphasis on the formation of an innovative environment that ensures the innovative activity of stakeholders.

An important technological operation for increasing the efficiency of silicon-based solar transducers is the formation of textures on the silicon surface with roughness sizes close to the wavelength of visible light. We consider the influence of various versions of structuring of silicon wafer surfaces on their strength properties. We analyze four types of silicon surface textures: (i) surfaces obtained after selective etching in an alkali solution, (ii) pyramidal textured surfaces, (iii) surfaces textured by oxidation under a thin V(2)O(5)layer, and (iv) surfaces after high-temperature annealing and processing in HF. We have obtained electron-microscopic images of all four textures and have measured their strength of differently textured silicon wafers using the "ring-on-ring" test. The dependences of maximum stresses and deflection under the smaller ring due to loading are calculated using the finite element method. The coincidence of the latter dependence with the experimental results serves as a criterion of the correctness of determining the wafer strength. The mean values and standard deviations of the strength have been calculated for each of the four groups of silicon wafers.

Based on simplified models, formulae for determining particle energy losses due to Beamstarhlung in supercolliders are obtained. The developed semi-analytical approach can be useful for estimating the parameters of colliding beams under various conditions without using special beam-beam simulation codes.

Важной технологической операцией для повышения эффективности солнечных преобразователей на основе кремния является создание на поверхности кремния текстур с размерами шероховатостей, близкими к длинам волн видимого света. Рассмотрено влияние различных вариантов структурирования поверхности кремниевых пластин на их прочностные свойства. Рассмотрены четыре вида поверхностных текстур кремния: после избирательного травления в щелочном растворе, пирамидально текстурированные поверхности, текстурированные с помощью окисления под тонким слоем V2O5 и после высокотемпературного отжига и обработки в HF. Получены электронно-микроскопические изображения всех четырех текстур, и измерена прочность методом "кольцо-в-кольцо" по-разному текстурированных пластин кремния. Методом конечных элементов рассчитаны зависимости максимальных напряжений и прогиб под малым кольцом от нагрузки. Совпадение последней с экспериментом служило критерием правильности определения прочности пластин. Рассчитаны средние значения и среднеквадратичные отклонения прочности для каждой из четырех групп пластин кремния. Ключевые слова: кремний для солнечных преобразователей, структура поверхности, расчет напряжений, прочность.

We study a possibility of obtaining transversely polarized electron/positron beams in the CEPC collider. Also, original results are presented for another project, the FCCee collider, which allows us to identify some features and differences of these similar machines. Important is the comparison of the data obtained with the expected and measured polarizations at LEP. In estimation of the depolarizing effect of field errors, in addition to the usual nonresonant spin diffusion, an attempt was made to take into account the resonant diffusion, which is due to a large spin tune spread. We consider a possibility to obtain polarization by accelerating polarized particles in the CEPC booster and then injecting them into the main ring. This option can be crucial for obtaining longitudinal polarization. We propose a scheme in which long-term preservation of such polarization is possible.

A semi-analytical model has been developed to study a combined effect of Beamstrahlung due to beam-beam interaction and beam coupling impedance in the future lepton colliders CEPC and FCCee. This model allows evaluating an impact of the coupling impedance on the bunch length and energy spread in collision. The model is benchmarked against numerical simulations. Analytical estimates for the supercolliders are presented.

Novel both symmetric and asymmetric polyoxymethylene derivatives of bis(oxytriazene N-oxides) were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of bis(chloromethyl) ether with salts of oxytriazene N-oxides, their pharmacological properties were preliminary evaluated.

A semianalytical model has been developed to study a combined effect of beamstrahlung due to beam-beam interaction and beam coupling impedance in the future lepton colliders CEPC and FCC-ee. This model allows evaluating an impact of the coupling impedance on the bunch length and energy spread in collision. The model is benchmarked against numerical simulations. Analytical estimates for the supercolliders are presented.

The possibility to obtain the transversely polarized electron/positron beams at the [Formula: see text] GeV CEPC collider basing on the radiative self-polarization of particles in the main rings is under consideration. In addition, we consider one of the options for obtaining longitudinal polarization of electrons at CEPC.