Eisner, S1; Belinki, A2; Geller, A3; Shaharabani, E1; Ben-Ari, Z4; Kniznik, M2; Mor, E1 Author Information

Objective. The charts of 174 consecutive patients were analyzed for incidence, etiology, and outcome of late operations (1 month or more posttransplant) following liver (OLT), kidney (KT), or pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation.Materials and Methods. Clinical and demographic data were analyzed by chi-square analysis and Fisher exact tests to compare subpopulations. All P values <.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. Censured data revealed 155 patients who did not suffer death or organ loss within 30 days of transplant. Late operations were performed on 89 occasions in 57 patients (65% occurred within 1 year posttransplant) with 20 patients having two or more late operations. Of these 89 procedures, 40% were emergent, 37% were related to the transplant operation, 38% were related to the initial disease, and 73% were major interventions. Fifty-six procedures were performed by the transplant surgery team and all occurred in the same facility as the transplant.Conclusions. Transplant recipients have a high incidence (36%) of late operations, most within the first year and most related to either the transplant or the original disease. This heavy operative load is important in planning resource allocation. Oversight by and involvement of the transplantation service in these procedures may contribute to the favorable outcome of these operations.

Colonial marine invertebrates are characterized by their ability to share resources among the modules of a colony. In most colonial groups, but particularly the Bryozoa, the dynamics of resource transport among modules is unknown. We developed radioisotope techniques to visualize and quantify the movement of carbon and sulfur-based compounds within colonies of the marine bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. The research was conducted in 1991 and 1992 in Friday Harbor, Washington, USA. Autoradiography, using X-ray film, was used to visualize the transport of both 14C and 35S, and a liquid scintillation counter was used to quantify transport of metabolites. We were able to localize feeding by introducing 10 μl aliquots of labelled algal cells with a microinjection syringe into a containment ring on the surface of the colony. The labelled cells were consumed by zooids feeding within the ring, but not by those outside. In time-course within the ring, but not by those outside. In time-course experiments, ≃15% of the ingested carbon radioisotope was transported from a source in the center of the colonies to the growing edges over a period of 48 h. Approximately 10% of the sulfur was transported from central to edge regions of colonies over 72 h. Transport of carbon isotope was unidirectional in all experiments, irrespective of whether colonies were fed near the edge or the center. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that up to 46% of the initial 14C radioisotope was lost from the colony to respiration and egestion in the 24 h following ingestion.