Rosmarinus officinalis was used in CVD Aided Spray Pyrolysis is to produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with a Fe-Co-Mo catalyst supported on silica using argon inert environment. The temperature at which MWNTs were formed varied from 550 to 750°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectrum measurements were employed to characterize the as-grown MWNTs. HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy learning validated the progress of MWNTs 20–30 nm in diameter. The viability of using as-grown MWNTs as an adsorbent for removing Pb (II) ions from drinking water was studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were exploited to interpret adsorption isotherm data. Kinetic data was analyzed by means of Elovich, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order equations.

Nanoscale carbon tubes (also referred as CNTs) along with other nanostructures made from carbon could keep you amused as you waiting for your chance to participate in this nanotechnology. Research on carbon nanotubes has attracted an enormous amount of focus from researchers across the world for the significant function that it could have in the growing field of nanotechnology. The MLCNTs were made using these temperatures as the operational parameters using a fatty acid methyl ester formed from peanut oil as a precursor at a flow rate of 20 mL per hour in an environment comprised of argon. The intention of this research is to examine a usual green originator for the production of multiple layer carbon nanotubes (MLCNTs) using the methyl ester of a fatty acid of peanut oil at temperature that range from 725°C to 875°C with intervals of 75°C on Fe-Co assisted on Silica within an atmosphere of argon. The investigation will be concentrated on the production of MLCNTs on Fe-Co assisted on Silica. The as-grown carbon nanomaterials have been studied using SEM, HRTEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopic research. We observed that the yield and diameter of the as-grown MLCNTs were not the same across the entire board for temperatures. The crystalline temperature of the CNTs climbed from 725 degrees Celsius to 800 degrees Celsius initially, and eventually it dropped from 800 degrees Celsius to 875 degrees Celsius. The temperature at which MLCNTs are created may have a bearing on the level of graphitization that they'll show.

This research employs a Box Behnken design-based technique for photocatalytic use of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) derived from spray pyrolysis. This procedure was used for photocatalytic degradation applications on Sudan black dye using Citrus limonum oil as a carbon precursor and Fe/Co/Mo supported on silica as a catalyst. The influence of initial dye concentration was compared to the effects of H2O2, catalyst concentration and solar light intensity. The Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize growth parameters for higher yield and graphitization. The as-grown CNTs were exemplified using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This work resulted in the identification of the optimal set of spray pyrolysis turning parameters for achieving high CNT yield and effective decolorization of Sudan black B dye by employing MWCNTs as catalyst. The degree of decolorization of Sudan black B dye increases upto a certain level with an increase in initial H2O2 concentration and subsequently declines as excess H2O2 hydroxyl radicals formed serve as scavengers, resulting in less dye decolonization.

Ovarian carcinoma cells 10-fold resistant to the alkylating agent chlorambucil (CBL) were isolated after repeated exposure of the parent cells to gradually escalating concentrations of the drug. The resistant variant, A2780(100), was highly cross-resistant (9-fold) to melphalan and showed lower-level resistance to other cross-linking agents. The resistant A2780(100) cells had almost 5-fold higher glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity than the parental A2780 cells with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate. The π-class GST(s) was the major isoform(s) in both cell lines. However, the resistant A2780(100) cells had at least 11-fold higher GST μ as compared with the parental cells, in which this isoform was barely detectable. A significant induction of GST μ was observed in A2780 cells, but not in the resistant cells, 18 hr after a single exposure to 100 μM CBL. The induction of GST μ by CBL was both time- and concentration-dependent. Assays of the conjugation of CBL with GSH showed that the human μ-class GST had 3.6- and 5.2-fold higher catalytic efficiency relative to the π- and α-class GSTs, respectively. This difference was reflected in the relatively higher (about 6-fold) efficiency of CBL conjugation in A2780(100) cells as compared with the parental cells. These results have demonstrated for the first time a near-linear correlation between CBL resistance and overexpression of μ-class GSTs and suggest that this overexpression maybe responsible, at least in part, for the acquired resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells to CBL, and possibly the other bifunctional alkylating agents. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found evidence for decreased formation of DNA lesions in A2780(100) compared with the drug-sensitive A2780 cells after exposure to CBL.

•Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles reported from leaf extract.•Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles were carried out using SEM, XRD and UV Spectroscopy.•Antibacterial Studies shown better antibacterial activity for gram negative.•ZnO degrades the congo red dye 90% inside 90 min while exposed to sunlight.

•Synthesis of Silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method.•Characterization of Ag nanoparticles were carried out using SEM, XRD and UV& FT-IR Spectroscopy.•Antibacterial Studies shown enhanced antibacterial activity for E.Coli and staphylococcus aureus bacteria.•DPPH examinimation of silver nanoparticles revealed that elevated antioxidant activity.

The world is presently hectic in a battle against the strong and lethal COVID-19 virus, which is not only dangerous to the body but also psychologically distressing due to the growing number of patients infected and dying worldwide. This paper includes a concise overview of the possible therapies as well as the elements associated with intensive care, which have been identified with promising clinical outcomes, based on the knowledge we have gathered so far. Furthermore, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus is better understood, recent drugs focussing certain parts of the virus are being developed, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being researched. This timely study examines the existing condition of COVID-19 across the globe. This topic will bring to light the potential for drug development and vaccination in different parts of the world to combat the epidemic, and some of this may be of use in the future.

Based on density functional theory (DFT), to investigate relationships between the antioxidant activity and structure of dihydrocaffeic acid, quantum chemical calculation is used. The optimized structures of the neutral, radical and ionic forms have been carried out by DFT-B3LYP method with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Reaction enthalpies related with the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss and electron transfer (SPLET) were calculated in gas and water phase. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionization energy, hardness, chemical potential, global softness and global electrophilicity were calculated by using the same level of theory. Surfaces with a molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were studied to determine the reactive sites of dihydrocaffeic acid. The difference in energy between the donor and acceptor as well as the stabilization energy was determined through the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The Fukui index (FI) based on electron density was employed to predict reaction sites. Reaction enthalpies are compared with previously published data for phenol and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid.

In this study, the Tin oxide doped Zinc Oxide (TZO) photo catalyst was fabricated using drop by drop method, an effective route to produce novel nano TZO which will enhance the photocatalytic decolorization of Basic Violet 10 dye. The structural and surface morphology were investigated using techniques such as XRD, SEM, and EDAX. In this study, the degradation of basic violet 10 dye had been carried out in the presence of sunlight. It was observed that the prepared TZO photocatalyst was very effective in degrading the dye entirely within a short period (120 minutes). The influence of operating parameters on basic violet 10 including the amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, H2O2 concentration and temperature were thoroughly examined. The kinetic study revealed that the degradation of photocatalytic reaction showed pseudo-first-order kinetics.

Carbon nanofibers are promising to revolutionize several fields in material science and are suggested to open the way into nanotechnology.Carbon fiber has become an important reinforcement material in composite materials and battery technology because of its low density, high strength, and tensile modulus.Furthermore, high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties of carbon fiber make it useful in a wide variety of products.This chapter highlighting the synthesis and growth pattern of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCFs).This chapter work reported here includes the application of VGCFs in composite and battery technology.

Carbon nanotubes are promising to revolutionize several fields in material science and are suggested to open the way into nanotechnology.These circular rodshaped carbon nanostructures have novel characteristics that lead them to being potentially beneficial in many applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.Their precise surface place, stiffness, power, and resilience have brought about lots of exhilaration in various areas.Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes, double-walled nanotubes, and multi-walled nanotube.Various techniques have been evolved to produce nanotubes in bulk, including of arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, electrolysis, and ball milling.Since their first observation nearly 20 years ago by Iijima, carbon nanotubes have been the focus of considerable research.Numerous researchers have reported remarkable physical and chemical properties for this new form of advanced carbon nanomaterials.Carbon nanotubes offer tremendous opportunities for the development of new material systems.This paper provides a concise report on recent advances in carbon nanotubes and their potential applications.

Growing population and industrialization increases the pollution. Due to pollution the tainting of water increases. Because of these, the water obtained from natural sources are unable to use directly. To overcome the contamination certain techniques like precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange, cementation, electrodialysis, electrowinning, electrocoagulation, and reverse osmosis are used to purify the water to meet out the daily activities. These techniques have its merits and demerits. In adsorption technique, using plant based material as adsorbent is cost effective, biodegradable and eco-friendly Caesalpinia bonducella regularly known as fever nut. Caesalpinia bonducella belongs to family Caesalpiniaceae and is commonly known as kalarci ver in tamil. Caesalpinia bonducella seeds are effectively accessible with minimum cost. In this work we have used this seed as a biosorbent for the treatment of water. The water from sulur lake, Coimbatore is collected for the analysis of physico-chemical characterisitics. Water collected from the sulur lake is allowed to pass three filter beds. The first two filter bed consists of natural materials, the third filter bed consist of caesalpinia bounducella as biosorbent. The obtained result shows that the water obtained from the third filter bed has highest efficiency due to biosorbent when compared to the other two.

Activated carbons from Leucaena leucocephala Seed Shell left over were generated accompanied by 10% phosphoric acid solution in the N2 atmosphere by chemical activation and their characteristics were investigated. SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis were used to analyse the characteristics of the triggered preparations. Isothermal models, namely the Freundlich and Langmuir representations, were the equilibrium studies carried out.. The equilibrium adsorption result was better suited to the isotherm model of Langmuir and its maximum monolayer adsorption potential for acid blue was 70.67 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics studies have shown that the best fit is provided by the pseudo second-order dynamic model. An intraparticle dispersion model demonstrated that the dissemination of the intraparticle was not a step of rate control. Studies of thermodynamics have shown that the sorption mechanism is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The findings suggest that the seed shells of Leucaena leucocephala may be used as a possible adsorbent for Acid blue1 adsorption.

The impact of magnetic field and couple stress for the shear waves in an anisotropic, thinly layered laminated medium is explored. The frequency equation for the problem has been attained to determine the shear wave velocity using linear inhomogeneties. Several particular cases have been investigated. The numerical computation for distinct values of rigidity parameter, density parameter, anisotropic factor, initial stress parameter, magnetic field parameter and wave number. The results are graphically represented using MATLAB.

The present study aims to synthesize corrosion free counter electrodes for DSSC and evaluate their efficiency in comparison with carbon electrodes. We compare the PCE (Power Conversion Efficiency) of a MWCNT counter electrode DSSC with a carbon coated counter electrode DSSC. MWCNTs are prepared by a spray pyrolysis method and TiO 2 nanoparticles are prepared by aWCT (Wet Chemical Technique). XRD analysis for TiO 2 2θ = 25.3 shows the presence of anatase phase and 2θ = 25.9 shows the hexagonal graphite structure ofMWCNTs. SEM images of TiO 2 nanoparticles show irregular morphology and for MWCNTs, the SEM image shows the formation of MWCNTS. The exact grain size ofMWCNTs and TiO 2 nanoparticles are studied by TEM analysis. In the DSSC application, MWCNTs coated the DSSC show higher efficiency (2.5 %) than carbon coated DSSC (1.9 %).

The present work aspire to explore a natural renewable green precursor for the synthesis of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using methyl esters of Brassica Juncea oil at 650 °C with a flow rate at 20 mL per hour of precursor on Fe-Co supported on silica under N2 atmosphere. The characterization of the as-grown carbonaceous was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. We confirmed that well graphitized with uniform sized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were nicely grown over Fe-Co bi-metallic catalyst supported on silica at 650 °C.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized at different temperatures ranging from 550 °C to 750 °C on silica supported Fe-Mo catalyst by chemical vapour deposition technique using Cymbopogen flexuous oil under nitrogen atmosphere. The as-grown MWNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Raman spectral studies. The HRTEM and Raman spectroscopic studies confirmed the evolution of MWNTs with the outer diameter between 20 and 40 nm. The possibility of using as-grown MWNTs as an adsorbent for removal of As (V) ions from drinking water was studied. Adsorption isotherm data were interpreted by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Kinetic data were studied using Elovich, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism.