Экономическая и эксплуатационная надежность строительных сооружений существенно зависит от прочности

Conditions for the formation of effective associations of enterprises in a dairy sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex have been investigated on the basis of a mathematical model of an agricultural consumer cooperative. Price policy formation of the enterprise processing raw materials have been analyzed taking into account the turnover of invested capital.

Интеграция производителей сырья и его переработчиков в АПК связана с общественным разделением труда, его специализацией, необходимостью взаимодействия между специализированными отраслями и видами агропромышленного производства. Аграрные предприятия объединяются, стремясь снизить риск, возникновение которого зависит от климатических условий, стихийности рынка сельскохозяйственной продукции, диктата перерабатывающих предприятий, необходимости повышения конкурентоспособности производства. В российской практике сложились разнообразные организационные формы интеграции, различающиеся по характеру хозяйственных связей между участниками, степени самостоятельности входящих в объединение предприятий, сочетанию централизации и децентрализации управления. Условно они делятся на ассоциативные − "мягкие" и корпоративные − "жесткие". К "мягким" формам объединения относятся ассоциация, союз, некоммерческое партThe integration of producers of raw materials and its processors into the agro-industrial complex is connected with the social division of labor, its specialization, the need for interaction between specialized branches and types of agro-industrial production. Agrarian enterprises are united in an effort to reduce the risk, the emergence of which depends on the climatic conditions, the spontaneity of the agricultural market, the dictates of processing enterprises, the need to increase the competitiveness of production. In the Russian practice, there were various organizational forms of integration, differing in the nature of economic ties between participants, the degree of independence of the enterprises entering the association, the combination of centralization and decentralization of management. Conventionally they are divided into associative "soft" and corporate "hard." The "soft" forms of association include as-

Исследуются условия, способствующие образованию эффективных объединений сырьевых предприятий АПК и переработчиков сырья. Несбалансированный процесс взаимоотношений между сельскохозяйственными товаропроизводителями и перерабатывающими заводами негативно влияет на экономическое положение партнеров объединений. Диктат низких закупочных цен на сырье перерабатывающими предприятиями препятствует рентабельной работе сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей. Закупочные цены, устанавливаемые перерабатывающими предприятиями молочной промышленности на молоко, не компенсируют не только производственные издержки, но и потери от инфляции. Это приводит к резкому снижению рентабельности производства молока. Создалась парадоксальная ситуация: с одной стороны молочные заводы столкнулись с острой нехваткой сырья, с другой − обострилась проблема сбыта молока его производителями за приемлемую для них цену. Диспаритет между закупочными ценами на молоко и розничными ценами на молочную продукцию заставил сельскохозяйственные предприятия искать The authors investigate the conditions conducive to the formation of effective associations of raw material enterprises of the agroindustrial complex and raw material processors. The unbalanced process of relations between agricultural producers and processing plants negatively affects the economic position of the partners of the merger. The diktat of low purchasing prices for raw materials by processing enterprises hinders the cost-effective operation of agricultural commodity producers. Procurement prices set by dairy processing enterprises for milk do not compensate not only production costs, but also losses from inflation. This leads to a sharp decline in the profitability of milk production. A paradoxical situation arose: on the one hand dairy plants encountered an acute shortage of raw materials, on the other, the problem of selling milk by its producers at an acceptable price was aggravated. The disparity between the purchase prices for milk and retail prices for dairy products has led agricultural enterprises to explore alternative markets. On the basis of the mathematical model of the agricultural consumer cooperative, conditions for the formation of effective associations of enterprises of the dairy subcomplex of the agroindustrial

Становление и развитие интеграции в сферах АПК с середины

We present results of the development and experimental study of the preshower detector prototypes for LHCb experiment in the test beam of SPS accelerator (CERN). The preshower detector consists of two identical layers of scintillator pads and a layer of lead converter in between. The light from pads is readout by means of wave-length shifting fiber coiled and glued inside a circular groove in the scintillator body. The study of prototypes allowed performing an optimal choice of the light collection and mechanical design of the preshower detector modules.

The experience gained at OAO EMAl’yans with furnishing its own boilers with automated process control systems is described.

Results of study of the radiative kaon decay K-->pi0 e nu gamma at ISTRA+ setup are presented. 4476 events of this decay have been observed. The branching ratio is measured.

The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems, as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies, is described.

Results of the study of the K− → π0e−νγ decay at ISTRA+ setup are presented. 4476 events of this decay have been observed. The ratio of branching rati os (R), R = Br(K −→π0e−νeγ) Br(K−→π0e−νe) = (1.81± 0.03(stat.)± 0.07(syst.))× 10−2, has been obtained for E∗ γ > 10 MeV andθ ∗ eγ > 10◦. For comparison with previous experiments, the branching ra tio with cutsE∗ γ > 10 MeV, 0.6 < cosθ ∗ eγ < 0.9 is calculated,R = Br(K−→π0e−νeγ) Br(K−→π0e−νe) = (0.47± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.03(syst.)) × 10 −2. For the cutsE∗(γ) > 30 MeV andθ ∗ eγ > 20◦, used in most theoretical papers, we have obtained Br(K− → π0e−νeγ) = (3.13± 0.09± 0.14) × 10−4. For the asymmetryAξ we get Aξ = −0.015±0.021. At present it is the best estimate of this asymmetry.

Using data collected with the ISTRA+ spectrometer during the 2001 run of the U-70 proton synchrotron in Protvino, the first observation of the radiative kaon decay K − → µ−π0γν is reported. The ratio Br(K µ3γ, 5 < E*γ < 30 MeV)/Br(K µ3) is found to be [0.270 ± 0.029(stat.) ± 0.026(syst.)]% and the ratio Br(K µ3γ, 30 < E*γ < 60 MeV)/Br(K µ3) = [0.0448 ± 0.0068(stat.) ± 0.0099(syst.)]%. These ratios are consistent with the theoretical predictions 0.21 and 0.047%, respectively. The measured angular distribution asymmetry for the region 5 < E*γ < 30 MeV, A(cos ϑ*µγ) = 0.093 ± 0.141, is two standard deviations away from the theoretical prediction of 0.354. The measured asymmetry in the T-odd variable ξ = pγ · (pµ × pπ)/m K 3 is −0.03 ± 0.13.

Results of study of the K^ - →π ^0 e^ - νγ decay at the ISTRA+ setup are presented. We observed 4476 events of this decay. The branching ratio is found to be R = Br(K^ - →π ^0 e^ - ν_e γ )/Br(K^ - →π ^0 e^ - ν_e ) = (1.81±0.03(stat.)±0.07(syst.)) × 10 −2 for E * γ > 10 MeV and θ * eγ > 10°. For comparison with the previous experiment the branching ratio with cuts E * γ > 10 MeV, 0.6 < cos θ * eγ < 0.9 is calculated: R = Br(K^ - →π ^0 e^ - ν_e γ )/Br(K^ - →π ^0 e^ - ν_e ) = (0.47±0.02(stat.) ± 0.03(syst.)) × 10 −2 . For the cuts E * γ > 30 MeV and θ * eγ > 20°, used in most theoretical papers, Br = (3.06 ± 0.09(stat.) ± 0.14(syst.)) × 10 −4 . For the asymmetry we get A ξ = −0.015 ± 0.021. At present it is the best estimate of this asymmetry.

Using data collected with the ISTRA+ spectrometer during the 2001 run of the U-70 proton synchrotron in Protvino, the first observation of the radiative kaon decay K- --> mu(-) pi(0) gamma nu is reported. The ratio Br(K-mu 3 gamma, 5 < E-gamma* < 30 MeV)/ Br(K-mu 3) is found to be [0.270 +/- 0.029(stat.) +/- 0.026( syst.)]% and the ratio Br(K-mu 3 gamma, 30 < E-gamma* < 60 MeV)/ Br(K-mu 3) = [0.0448 +/- 0.0068( stat.) +/- 0.0099( syst.)]%. These ratios are consistent with the theoretical predictions 0.21 and 0.047%, respectively. The measured angular distribution asymmetry for the region 5 < E-gamma* < 30 MeV, A(cos theta*(mu gamma)) = 0.093 +/- 0.141, is two standard deviations away from the theoretical prediction of 0.354. The measured asymmetry in the T - odd variable xi = p(gamma) . (p(mu) x p(pi))/m(K)(3) is - 0.03 +/- 0.13.

Results of study of the \(K^ - \to \pi ^0 e^ - \overline \nu \gamma \) decay at the ISTRA+ setup are presented. We observed 4476 events of this decay. The branching ratio is found to be \(R = \frac{{Br(K^ - \to \pi ^0 e^ - \overline \nu _e \gamma )}}{{Br(K^ - \to \pi ^0 e^ - \overline \nu _e )}}\) = (1.81±0.03(stat.)±0.07(syst.)) × 10−2 for E*γ > 10 MeV and θ*eγ > 10°. For comparison with the previous experiment the branching ratio with cuts E*γ > 10 MeV, 0.6 < cos θ*eγ < 0.9 is calculated: R = \(\frac{{Br(K^ - \to \pi ^0 e^ - \overline \nu _e \gamma )}}{{Br(K^ - \to \pi ^0 e^ - \overline \nu _e )}}\) = (0.47±0.02(stat.) ± 0.03(syst.)) × 10−2. For the cuts E*γ > 30 MeV and θ*eγ > 20°, used in most theoretical papers, Br = (3.06 ± 0.09(stat.) ± 0.14(syst.)) × 10−4. For the asymmetry we get A ξ = −0.015 ± 0.021. At present it is the best estimate of this asymmetry.

Results of study of the K- -> pi(0)e(-)(v) over bar gamma decay at the ISTRA+ setup are presented. We observed 4476 events of this decay. The branching ratio is found to be R = Br(K- -> pi(0)e(-)(v) over bar (e)gamma)/Br(K- -> pi(0)e(-)(v) over bar (e)) = (1.81 +/- 0.03(stat.) +/- 0.07(syst.)) x 10(-2) for E-gamma* > 10 MeV, 0.6 < cos theta(e gamma)* < 0.9 is calculated: R = Br(K- -> pi(0)e(-)(v) over bar (e)gamma)/Br(K- -> pi(0)e(-)(v) over bar (e)) = (0.47 +/- 0.02(stat.) +/- 0.03 (syst.)) x 10(-2). For the cuts E-gamma* > 30 MeV and theta(e gamma)* > 20 degrees, used in most theoretical papers, Br = (3.06 +/- 0.09(stat.) +/- 0.14(syst.)) x 10(-4). For the asymmetry we get A(xi) = -0.015 +/- 0.021. At present it is the best estimate of this asymmetry.

The branching fraction for the decay $K^{-} \to \pi^{0} e \bar \nu$ is measured using in-flight decays detected with {\bf ISTRA+} setup working at the 25 GeV negative secondary beam of the U-70 PS:\linebreak $Br_{K_{e3}}= (5.124 \pm 0.009 (stat) \pm 0.029(norm) \pm 0.030(syst))%$. From this value the $|V_{us}|$ element of the CKM matrix is extracted, using previously measured $f_{+}(t)$ form factor: $|V_{us}|=0.227 \pm 0.002$. The results are in agreement with recent measurements by BNL E865, FNAL KTeV, KLOE.