The construction sector is putting a lot of effort in reducing its energy, carbon, material, and water footprints, as well as taking steps toward a more sustainable built future. The building materials such as cement, aggregates, masonry units like bricks and blocks constitute to dominant percentile utilization in the construction of building. The activities involved in the production of construction materials will consume large amounts of energy. Hence time has arrived for an effective, environmental friendly, sustainable building material with judicious use of energy. It is therefore important to identify and modify the existing process of manufacture of building construction materials and compute the energy associated with manufacturing process. Production of these materials is a major cause for global warming due to release of carbon-di-oxide (CO2) and other gases. Hence there is a need to think, act and adopt low energy consuming, locally available building materials, reducing the transportation energy (TE) to provide alternatives which is both cost effective and environment friendly. The whole energy expenditure involved in the material manufacturing, including all upstream activities such as raw material extraction and transportation, is referred to as embodied energy (EE). This paper examines the energy efficiency of a few masonry building materials used in large quantities in the Indian construction sector. The key stages of production, consumption of excessive energy and the importance locally available raw materials are studied. The study focuses on the various stages of production and measuring the associated embodied energy of masonry building materials of Hassan. These EE figures were calculated by personal visits and survey data to industrial production plants. EE of burnt brick masonry is found to be 2.8 times the EE in comparison with AAC block masonry wall.

This work presents the machinability study of copper alloys using Electro-chemical Micro-Machining (EMM) for conicity and material removal rate (MRR). Applied voltage (AV), duty cycle (DC) and electrolyte concentration (EC) is chosen as the control parameters. Experiments trails were investigated based on L9 Orthogonal Array (OA). The mathematical equation for conicity and MRR are developed using MINITAB software. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is performed for finding the most significant factor. Based on ANOVA, contribution for parameters A, B, and C on MRR are found to be 60.88%, 14.40%, and 13.30% respectively. The significant factor on MRR is AV which is found to be 60.88%. For conicity, contributions of factors A, B, and C were found to be 65.54%, 18.63%, and 03.37% respectively. The significant factor on concity is AV which is found to be 65.54%.

The austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L is remarkable for its disintegration restriction, fitting to high pitting and stress hindrance. The materials to improve the wear lead of the material. Carbonitriding treatment is picked to help the mechanical properties of AISI 904L austenitic stainless steel. The models experience carbonitriding treatment, at low temperatures, one of them being honoured to get quite far. For assessment reasons, one model is kept as untreated. A pin on circle wear testing gadget will be aimed at a steady speed and variable weight. Wear test is done to assess the capacity of utilizing a specific surface structure headway to decrease wear for a particular application and to examine the impact of treatment conditions on the wear execution, so updated surface treatment conditions can understand it. At long last, all models were knowledgeable about Scanning Electron Microscope assessment.

AISI 304 stainless steel is a austenitic stainless steel which has good corrosion resistance and resistance to pitting. But this metal lacks hardness and it has very poor wear resistance. To improve the mechanical properties of AISI 430 cyaniding process is chosen, which is a case hardening process which improves hardness as well as wear resistance of the material. Here the specimen is shaped in the form of bullets with diameter 10 mm and length 40 mm. Four sets of specimens are taken and out of which three are subjected to liquid cyaniding and the remaining set is kept untreated for comparing the properties with treated specimen. The specimens were treated to 60 min, 90 min, 120 min respectively. The properties of treated and untreated specimen is compared by doing wear test using pin on disc apparatus and also by comparing the microstructures of treated and untreated specimens, which is obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM images). (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials, Processing & Characterization.

The Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) have been becoming suitable materials for many devices in the application of various fields like heavy equipment’s industry, automobile, aeronautics and etc. because of its excellent physical and structural characteristics. The research on AMMC dealt the effect of reinforcement such as fly-ash, SiC, Al2O3, Graphite, B4C, Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) on aluminium in different percentages. Every reinforcement has its own characteristics that enhance the base aluminium characteristics when added. By adding these types of reinforcement to metal base led to enhance the properties like wear resistance, stiffness, creep, tensile strength, fatigue, toughness, thermal conductivity, hardness in comparison with traditional approach on materials engineering. This review paper was aimed to give the detailed information about the impact of various reinforcements incorporated in matrix by illustrating its benefits and drawbacks. This extensive survey on AMMC could be useful to develop farther.

The present study considers the tribological behaviour of Cu-Al-Be-Mn Shape memory alloys which were prepared by ingot metallurgy route using an induction furnace. The experiment was carried out based on taguchi technique by using L27 orthogonal array in dry sliding and room temperature condition. Sliding Speed, Applied Load and Sliding Distance were considered as testing factors and the weight loss was considered as the response. The optimal parameter combination for minimal wear rate was obtained at the Speed of 160 rpm, Load of 5 N and a Sliding Distance of 250 m. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to study the effect of each factor on weight loss of this alloy. From the ANOVA results Sliding Distance is found to be major significant factor which influences on the weight loss with a contribution of 63.63% and the wear rate was significantly influenced by increasing the applied load and sliding distance. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the type of wear mechanism undergone during the test.