A new technique of infusional brachytherapy, developed by Order, using macroaggregated albumin followed by chromic phosphate 32P, allows the selective irradiation of the tumor at very high doses. In order to improve the treatment of locally advanced unresectable or recurrent head and neck cancer, this technique was studied to deliver a continuous extra radiation dose to the tumor, in addition to conventional fractionated radiotherapy. Nine patients were included in the study. Bremsstrahlung imaging, performed for direct tumor quantification and dosimetry, showed the 32P activity at the injection sites, up to 70 days post-injection 32P activity was found to be insignificant in the blood (<0.00001% ID/ml) as well as in the saliva (<0.001% ID/ml). Except for facial edema in 2 patients, regressing with corticosteroids administration, no acute treatment-related, hematological or mucosal, toxicity was observed. Significant tumor regression was noted for three out of five patients evaluable, treated by combined intratumoral colloidal 32P infusion and external irradiation. Thus, this technique of infusional brachytherapy by colloidal 32P may be a valuable adjunct to conventional radiotherapy to boost the dose in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Our phase I/II study is currently in progress. A new technique of infusional brachytherapy, developed by Order, using macroaggregated albumin followed by chromic phosphate 32P, allows the selective irradiation of the tumor at very high doses. In order to improve the treatment of locally advanced unresectable or recurrent head and neck cancer, this technique was studied to deliver a continuous extra radiation dose to the tumor, in addition to conventional fractionated radiotherapy. Nine patients were included in the study. Bremsstrahlung imaging, performed for direct tumor quantification and dosimetry, showed the 32P activity at the injection sites, up to 70 days post-injection 32P activity was found to be insignificant in the blood (<0.00001% ID/ml) as well as in the saliva (<0.001% ID/ml). Except for facial edema in 2 patients, regressing with corticosteroids administration, no acute treatment-related, hematological or mucosal, toxicity was observed. Significant tumor regression was noted for three out of five patients evaluable, treated by combined intratumoral colloidal 32P infusion and external irradiation. Thus, this technique of infusional brachytherapy by colloidal 32P may be a valuable adjunct to conventional radiotherapy to boost the dose in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Our phase I/II study is currently in progress.

The time-dose-volume relationship of external radiation is crucial for radiation therapy of head and neck cancers. Therefore, locoregional control is not easily achieved with standard radiotherapy for extended tumor volumes. Salvage therapy for locoregional recurrence; after surgery and radiotherapy, is even more difficult and often disappointing. So far, chemotherapy has not proved to be very effective, either in combination with radiotherapy for advanced disease or in the treatment for recurrence. In order to improve the treatment of locally advanced unresectable or recurrent head and neck cancer, a new technique of direct infusional brachytherapy, using macroaggregated albumin followed by chromic phosphate P-32, was studied to deliver selectively a continuous supplemental radiation dose to the tumor, in addition to conventional fractionated external radiotherapy. This preliminary report concerns our first three patients treated by this new radiation modality. Two patients were treated for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and base of the tongue, one of them had no response of the tumor after three courses of induction chemotherapy. One patient received the colloidal P-32 after failure of salvage chemotherapy for recurrent head and neck tumor previously treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and salvage surgery. No treatment-related, hematological or mucosal toxicity was observed. Significant tumor regression was noted for the two patients treated by combined treatment of intratumoral chromic phosphate P-32 infusion and external irradiation. We have now initiated a Phase I/II trial in such patients.

From co~nc~dence measurements between projecttle fragments or heavy residues and thetr assoc~ated Y-rays, we ave der' ed the angular momentum transfer In the incomplete fusion reactions of 310 MeV ''0 wtth 'Sm as a functton of !,near momentum transfer. The results have been compared with recent model predictions. Correlated measurements of linear momentum and angular momentum transfer in heavy ion collisions offer the possibility of delineating the part~al wave dependence of domlnant reaction mechantsms such as complete and incomplete fusion. Th~s allows one to test various theorettcal models which treat incomplete fusion such as the sum-rule model of Wilczynski(ll. the geometric overlap model of Harvey (2,3) and the more mtcroscoplc models, based on nucleon-nucleon ~nteractlons, proposed by Harvey (4) and by Cole (51. EXPERIMENTS: We have deduced the correlation bet een linear momentu transfer and angular momentum transfer in the reactions of 310 MeV '0 projectiles with m4Sm from two separate experiments performed at Texas AM (2) Measurements of the average y-ray multiplicity (using an 8-element Nal multiplicity filter) in coincidence with a microchannel plate - silicon detector time-of-flight system to measure the velocity of recoiling heavy residues. Linear momentum transfer was derived in the first experiment from the energies of the projectile-like fragments with corrections for missing momentum carried away by unobserved particles and in the second experiment from the residue velocities. Angular momentum transfer was derived from total gamma energy or gamma multiplicity, respectively. These two measurements taken together yield data that span the full range of fractional momentum transfer from 0 to 1. Details of the experiments will be given in a full article to be published elsewhere.

The α-particle spectra observed in coincidence with evaporation residues of 59Cu nuclei produced in the fusion of 214 MeV 32S with 27Al deviate at both high and low particle energies from the spectra calculated for spherical nuclei. The observed differences suggest large angular momentum induced deformations comparable to those predicted by rotating liquid drop model calculations.

Inclusive energy spectra and angular distributions for heavy ions (Z ≧ 3) produced in the reactions of 227 MeV and 310 MeV 16O with Ti were measured. Also measured at the projectile energy of 310 MeV were energy and angular correlations between light charged particles (Z ≦ 2) and heavy ions. From comparisons with statistical model calculations upper limits to the complete fusion cross sections of 647 mb and 265 mb were derived for projectile energies of 227 MeV and 310 MeV, respectively. At 310 MeV the cross section of incomplete fusion processes was estimated to be over 505 mb. Emission of fast, high-energy α-particles and protons was observed to be a characteristic feature of quasi-elastic, deep-inelastic and fusion-like reactions. Average multiplicities of fast light particles in coincidence with heavy ions at +20° and +40° were estimated to be of the order of 1. The prompt emission of light appears to be the principal mechanism which limits complete fusion. A second component of α-particles observed in coincidence with deep-inelastic projectile-like fragments and having an energy comparable to Coulomb energies of particles emitted from target-like and projectile-like fragments appears as an excess yield in the direction of the recoiling target-like fragments. This component cannot be accounted for in terms of sequential emission processes and may result from a mechanism other than the one which leads to fast particle emission.

Inclusive energy spectra of the H and He isotopes emitted in the reactions of 860-MeV $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ with Ni, Ag, and Ta provide evidence that a statistically dominated projectile fragmentation mechanism entirely analogous to that observed at relativistic energies occurs when the projectile velocity becomes comparable to the Fermi velocity in the projectile. Additional particle emission not characteristic of either a fragmentation or compound nucleus source is observed.

Energy and angular correlations between α particles and heavier products of the reactions of 310 MeV 16O with Ti reveal two non-equilibrium components in the particle emission observed in coincidence with heavy products.

Limits to the fusion of 310-MeV $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ with Ti were probed with both singles and coincience measurements of the heavy products and the emitted light particles. The upper limit to compound nucleus formation is found to be in accord with recent dynamic calculations, but the principal mechanism reducing the compound nucleus cross section below that predicted by critical distance models is not an increase in strongly damped processes, but the prompt emission of energetic light particles.

Differences in the kinetic energies of the fragments produced in the scission of the pairs of similar composite nuclei $^{59}\mathrm{Cu}$-$^{60}\mathrm{Zn}$ and $^{83}\mathrm{Y}$-$^{88}\mathrm{Zr}$ are interpreted as resulting from angular momentum fractionation. The energies indicate that some partial waves with angular momenta $10\ensuremath{\hbar}$ to $15\ensuremath{\hbar}$ below the sharp-cutoff fusion limit lead to strongly damped collisions.