Хронический миелолейкоз (ХМЛ) — редкое заболевание, число впервые выявленных больных которым в год составляет приблизительно 1 : 100 000 населения. В Российской Федерации в настоящее время насчитывается около семи тысяч больных ХМЛ. Внедрение в течение последнего десятилетия в клиническую практику препаратов, направленно блокирующих активность опухолевой тирозинкиназы BCRABL изменило прогноз у больных ХМЛ, увеличило выживаемость больных с 3–4 лет до более 15 лет, привело к полному восстановлению трудоспособности с перспективой отмены терапии у значительной части больных. Настоящие клинические рекомендации представляют собой разработанный на основании принципов доказательной медицины протокол, включающий все этапы диагностики и терапии больных с хроническим миелолейкозом, в том числе мониторирования минимальной остаточной болезни. Предназначены для врачей-гематологов, онкологов, педиатров, организаторов здравоохранения.

AIM To reveal prognostically significant factors affecting efficacy of glivek therapy in untreated (duration of the disease < or = 6 months) and pretreated (duration of the disease > 6 months) patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in a chronic phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 338 patients (64 untreated and 274 pretreated) with a chronic-phase CML on glivek therapy entered the trial. RESULTS Five-year survival on glivek was high (89, 98 and 88% in untreated and pretreated patients, respectively). Incidence of transformation in the acceleration phase and blast crisis was low both in untreated and pretreated patients (1.6 and 11%, respectively) and correlated with the rate of a complete cytogenetic response (CCR). Untreated patients had no factors affecting treatment efficacy negatively, CCR probability was 96%. Blastemia, thrombocytosis and splenomegaly reduced CCR probability significantly in pretreated patients. Slow reduction of the tumor mass, late achievement of a complete hematological response and a cytogenetic response decreased probability of CCR. CONCLUSION Glivek is a drug of choice for patients with chronic-phase CML. High probability of CCR both in untreated and pretreated patients lowers the risk of the disease transformation into the phase of acceleration/blast crisis and raises overall survival in both groups.

AIM:To find out if the RBC ferritin elevation can serve as an additional criterion of inefficient erythropoiesis during progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and in various types of refractory anemia.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study group consisted of 56 MDS patients and 73 patients at various stages of CML. 20 healthy donors and 105 patients with verified inefficient erythropoiesis (20--with B12 deficiency before and after the treatment, 85--with beta-thalassemia) were the controls. A ferritin level was measured by radioimmunoassay in RBC hemolysates.RESULTS:The RBC ferritin level in all types of refractory anemia was elevated throughout the disease course, increasing with the development of transfusion dependency. The CML progression was also accompanied by RBC ferritin level elevation associated with abnormal erythroid cell accumulation and elevation of intracellular PAS-positive substance (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION:RBC ferritin level elevation can be considered as an additional biochemical criterion of inefficient erythropoiesis that may be useful in differentiation of anemias, adequate therapy selection and follow-up of erythropoiesis.

AIM:Evaluation of clinical effectiveness of two regimens of induction therapy of an early chronic stage of Ph'-positive chronic myeloid leukemia including interferon-alpha 2b (intron-A, "Schering Plough") in a cooperative randomised trial on the protocol CML MIG-97.MATERIALS AND METHODS:42 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were treated either with intron-A in standard doses (5 IU/m2/day) alone or in combination with monthly 10-day courses of low-dose cytosine-arabinoside (10 mg/m2/twice a day). The effect was assessed by the international criteria of a complete and partial hematologic remission and the cytogenetic response.RESULTS:Intron-A therapy in standard doses produced a pronounced cytogenetic response in 28.6% of the patients. In low-dose interferon-alpha-2b (reaferon and intron-A, 1-3 IU/m2/day) in combination with various regimens of chemotherapy only minimal cytogenetic response was achieved.CONCLUSION:A pronounced cytogenetic response in early chronic stage of CML to standard doses of intron A holds promise in prolongation of CML patients survival and design of new effective therapy programs.