The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of psychological birth order, social interest, and coping strategies and their interactions on resilience in Turkish population (N = 247). The results indicated social interest, coping strategies of active planning, acceptance and cognitive restructuring, seeking external help and psychological birth order of the youngest and middle child were predictors of resilience.

Although the role of excessive efforts to exert mental control over one's unwanted intrusive thoughts has been successfully explained and documented in the cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), individual's beliefs regarding the controllability of events, that is, locus of control (LOC), have been largely ignored in recent cognitive formulations of OCD. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between these two control-related cognitions by comparing their roles in obsessive–compulsive (OC) and depression symptoms. Measures of LOC, obsessive-related beliefs, depression, anxiety and OCD symptoms were administered to a sample of 530 Turkish university students. Results showed that while external LOC was positively associated with depression symptoms, the relation was different for OC symptoms. The interaction of LOC with a high desire for thought control was significantly associated with general OC symptoms, particularly with checking symptoms. The findings suggest that beliefs regarding the controllability of events are critical factors in OC symptomatology, but only when there is also a high desire of thought control.

Interpersonal conflicts and misunderstandings are unavoidable in relationships. Sincehumans are social, relational beings, it is very natural that the problems about which clients seekhelp in counseling are rather interpersonal problems. In order for counselors to be effectivelyhelpful in the counseling process, it is important that therapists are knowledgeable in the conceptof forgiveness, processes of forgiveness and the use of forgiveness as a theraputic tool. This paperpresents the use of forgiveness as a therapeutic tool to help the clients to deal with a brokenheart, being hurt in interpersonal relationships and even dealing with traumatic experiences.The information provided are the concept and process of forgiveness, forgivingness as apersonality trait, and forgiveness and mental health. In addition, forgiveness is discussed in thecounseling process as a therapeutic tool to help clients deal with transgressions in interpersonalrelationships.

This study aimed to explore the relationships between Turkish university students' problem areas, problem levels and their preferences and willingness for help. The sample of the study included 5829 undergraduate students (2974 females, 2841 males, 14 unknown). In order to collect the data, Problem Concern Scale, Psychological Help Seeking Willingness Scale and Information Sheet were used. To examine the differences in students' scores, t-test, one way analyses variance, and Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test were administered. The results of analyses showed that there were significant differences between female and male students in problem areas and psychological help seeking willingness. Students from higher socio-economic status have more problems than others. Turkish university students experienced mostly emotional, academic and economic problems. Also, students were more willing to seek help from their family and friends. In general, students' willingness to seek help from professionals was at moderate level.

The aim of this research is to determine the variables that qualify the help seeking behavior (willingness to seek counseling) of Turkish university students. A total of 5829 college students (2974 females, 2841 males, 14 unknown) from eleven universities in Turkey have participated in the study. Personal Form, Self Concealment Scale, Willingness to Seek Counseling Scale, Problem Areas Scale, Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, Multi-Dimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Bem Sex Role Inventory have been used in the research. Moreover, the hierarchic regression analysis technique has been used in the analy- sis of the data. It is observed that the study has significantly predicated the points gathered from independent variables with the points related to willingness to seek help. This finding shows that independent variables can be regarded as explaining the 26 % variance related to the help seeking behavior points. The results show that the most significant predicator of college students' willingness to seeking psychological help level is positive attitudes towards seeking psychological help.

Interpersonal conflicts and misunderstandings are unavoidable in relationships. Since humans are social, relational beings, it is very natural that the problems about which clients seek help in counseling are rather interpersonal problems. In order for counselors to be effectively helpful in the counseling process, it is important that therapists are knowledgeable in the concept of forgiveness, processes of forgiveness and the use of forgiveness as a theraputic tool. This paper presents the use of forgiveness as a therapeutic tool to help the clients to deal with a broken heart, being hurt in interpersonal relationships and even dealing with traumatic experiences. The information provided are the concept and process of forgiveness, forgivingness as a personality trait, and forgiveness and mental health. In addition, forgiveness is discussed in the counseling process as a therapeutic tool to help clients deal with transgressions in interpersonal relationships.

In this study, the amount of time that school counselors devote for program development, implementation and evaluation processes for generating and implementing comprehensive counseling and guidance program, which is based on the School Counseling and Guidance Services Model, as well as the problems they encountered were explored. Total of 207 school counselors, 113 of which from elementary and 94 of which from high schools participated in the study. The Survey of Roles and Responsibilities of Counselors were administered to school counselors. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency distribution and qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive content analysis method. The findings indicate that, the implementation of comprehensive counseling and guidance program in schools, were evaluated positively especially in terms of ensuring the integrity of applications, meeting the developmental needs of students, and identity and visibility of school counselors are evaluated positively. However, some difficulties have been identified in terms of the school counseling program content and scope of competence of personnel in program implementation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the professional help-seeking attitudes of university students from their gender, gender roles, the perspective of socioeconomic level and self concealment. Professional Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale-Short Form, Self-Concealment Scale, Bem Gender Role Inventory, and personal information form have been used as data gathering tools. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test and one way anova. The results of the study show that professional help-seeking attitudes among female students are more positive than the male students; those in low or middle socioeconomic level has more positive attitudes; those with female gender roles and those with high androgens have more positive attitudes than male and ambiguous gender roles; and the students who have high levels of selfconcealment have negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help.

Bu arastirmanin amaci universite ogrencilerinin profesyonel yardim arama tutumlarini cinsiyet,cinsiyet rolleri, algiladiklari sosyoekonomik duzey ve kendini saklama duzeyleri acisindanincelemektir. Arastirma kapsaminda veri toplama araci olarak Psikolojik Yardim AlmayaIliskin Tutum Olcegi, Bem Cinsiyet Rolleri Envanteri, Kendini Saklama Olcegi ve KisiselBilgi Formu kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, t testi, tek yonlu varyansanalizi istatistik teknikleri uygulanmistir. Arastirmada kiz ogrencilerin yardim aramatutumunun erkek ogrencilere gore daha olumlu oldugu, dusuk sosyo-ekonomik duzeye ve ortasosyo-ekonomik duzeye sahip olan ogrencilerin yardim aramaya yonelik daha olumlu tutumasahip olduklari, kadinsi cinsiyet rolu ve androjen cinsiyet rolu yuksek olan ogrencilerin,erkeksi cinsiyet rolu ve belirsiz cinsiyet rolu yuksek olan ogrencilere gore yardim aramatutumunun daha olumlu oldugu ve kendini saklama duzeyi yuksek olan ogrencilerin yardimaramaya yonelik olumsuz tutuma sahip olduklari sonuclari elde edilmistir. Anahtar sozcukler: Yardim arama tutumu, kendini saklama, cinsiyet rolleri, universiteogrencisi.

The present study aimed to examine the mediator roles of psychological tendency to intimate relationship between attachment styles and depressive symptoms. A series of regression analysis indicated that while the negative relationship between secure attachment and depressive symptoms was mediated by relational satisfaction, relational monitoring mediated the positive relationship between preoccupied attachment and depressive symptoms. Results also revealed that different from secure and preoccupied attachment styles, avoidant attachment showed a direct and strong relation with depression.

The predictive power of attachment styles on subjective well being and coping with stress of university students. The purpose of this study was to examine how well attachment styles predict coping with stres and subjective well-being. The sample of the study consisted of 341 (159 female, 155 male) college students from Gazi University. Data collection instruments were Relationship Questionnaire, Self Esteem Scale, Life Fulfillment Scale, and Coping with Stres Scale. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that secure attachment style was the significant predictor of self esteem; preoccupied attachment style was the significant predictor of life satisfaction; secure attachment style was the significant predictor of active planning, seeking external help, turning to religion, acceptance/cognitive restructuring. Finally fairfull attachment style was the significant predictor of avoidance, preoccupied attachment style was the significant predictor of active planning.

Problem Statement: Emotional abuse in intimate relationships is a serious problem that might have devastating consequences for individuals who are subjected to it. Therefore, assessment of emotional abuse is critical for the identification, recognition, and study of this important problem in romantic relationships. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to translate and validate the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) in Turkish culture. Methods: Participants of this study included 95 college students. The EAQ was translated from English to Turkish with forward and reverse translation methods. In order to test the factor structure of each EAQ subscale (isolation, degradation, sexual abuse and property damage), principle component analysis was performed. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used to establish the validity of the criteria used. In order to control for social desirability, the short-version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale was used. Results: Examination of scree plot and initial analyses and communality scores for the EAG isolation and degradation subscales indicated that one-factor solutions were appropriate. The results yielded that a seven-item, one-factor solution best represents the sexual abuse subscale. Finally, a seven-item, one-factor solution emerged for the property damage subscale. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities suggest that the Turkish version of the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire has high internal coherence and high temporal stability. These reliability scores are comparable to those of the original version. The validity of the criteria for the Turkish EAQ was evaluated against the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. As hypothesized, Turkish EAQ scores were negatively correlated with scores on the Turkish Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Conclusion and Recommendations: The results of this study indicated that the EAQ's isolation, degradation, and property damage subscales are applicable to the Turkish culture. The sexual abuse subscale, on the other hand, did not demonstrate sufficient validity to justify its use in Turkish culture among university students. Consequently, the validity of this subscale should be further studied in diverse samples, including married couples.