Energy poverty remains a critical global challenge demanding urgent solutions. This study investigates the alleviation effects of rural rooftop photovoltaic potential on energy poverty in China from 2010 to 2022, integrating ArcGIS analysis, panel quantile models, and machine learning techniques. The findings reveal a U-shaped distribution of photovoltaics' poverty-alleviation effects: at the 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % quantiles of energy poverty, a per unit increase in photovoltaic potential reduces energy poverty by 2.3 %, 1.4 %, and 9.1 %, respectively. Notably, regional disparities are pronounced: in Eastern China, photovoltaic deployment consistently mitigates energy poverty across quantiles by 10.7 %, 11.3 %, and 13.9 %, respectively, whereas Western regions experience aggravated energy poverty due to environmental constraints and policy gaps. Further mechanism analysis indicates that photovoltaic adoption initially suppresses rural per capita income by 28 %, 6.9 %, and 13.5 % at each quantile, compelling households to prioritize self-consumption of photovoltaic-generated electricity over costly traditional fuels. Projections based on Long Short-Term Memory models suggest that rural energy poverty disparities will narrow to below 50 % by 2030 under sustained photovoltaic deployment in the six regions. These results underscore the necessity of multi-sector collaboration, infrastructure modernization, and targeted subsidies to optimize photovoltaics’ dual role in advancing sustainable energy transitions and equitable poverty reduction.

Exploring the impact of cultivated land transfer on grain green total factor productivity is of great significance in promoting efficient and low-carbon utilization of arable land and green and high-quality development of grain production in China. Based on the panel data of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2006 to 2022, this study employed the EBM model, Tobit model and mediation effect model to measure grain green total factor productivity across provinces, analyze its spatiotemporal evolution trends, and explore the influence and mechanisms of cultivated land transfer on the grain green total factor productivity. The findings revealed that: (i) The overall level of China's grain green total factor productivity was relatively low, though it exhibited some improvement and regional differences during the sample period, with the highest level in grain-producing areas, followed by production-marketing balance areas, and the lowest level in grain-marketing areas. (ii) Cultivated land transfer had a significant positive impact on grain green total factor productivity. However, an excessively large scale of transferred cultivated land may also inhibit efficiency improvements. (iii) The impact of cultivated land transfer on grain green total factor productivity showed notable regional heterogeneity. In terms of coefficient magnitude, the impact was greater in production-marketing balance areas than in grain-producing areas, while it was not significant in major grain-marketing areas. The effect was stronger in the western region compared to the eastern and central regions. (iv) Cultivated land transfer could improve grain green total factor productivity through large-scale management of cultivated land, large-scale management of services and green production technology. Further analysis indicated a synergistic interaction between scale management and technological progress in green production within these pathways. To enhance grain green total factor productivity, it is essential to implement region-specific policies for cultivated land transfer and scale operations that account for local geographical and agricultural conditions. Specifically, policymakers should facilitate the integration of land scale management with service scale operation, while simultaneously promoting the coordinated advancement of scale operation and green production technology.

Unequal access to employment poses a critical challenge to urban social sustainability, particularly in migrant-receiving cities. Residential differentiation, as a spatial manifestation of inequality, may structurally constrain migrants' opportunities to enter formal labor markets and achieve social inclusion. Using survey data from rural migrants in Beijing's urban fringe areas in 2024 (N = 539), this study examines the impact of residential differentiation on labor market outcomes, with a focus on formal employment entry. Probit models and instrumental variable estimation are employed to address endogeneity and explore underlying mechanisms. The results show that higher levels of residential differentiation significantly reduce migrants' likelihood of entering formal employment. After accounting for endogeneity, residential differentiation is also associated with a higher risk of overtime work. Mechanism analysis further indicates that commuting distances serve as a core pathway through which residential differentiation affects employment outcomes, not merely as a matter of physical distance but by shaping the range of accessible job opportunities. In contrast, heterogeneous social networks function as an important moderating mechanism that can help individuals access employment information and opportunities beyond their immediate residential environment. These findings suggest that unequal access to employment is a key pathway through which residential differentiation undermines urban social sustainability, highlighting the importance of policies that promote inclusive labor markets and cross-group social integration.

This study empirically analyzes the impact of land consolidation without ownership adjustment on the adoption of conservation tillage practices among 1813 micro-level farming households in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, utilizing a multivariate logit model. It delves into the mechanism of engineered cropland fragmentation and conducts a heterogeneity analysis of different types of land consolidation without ownership adjustment and subjects involved. Our empirical analysis reveals a critical policy paradox: Land consolidation without ownership adjustment significantly exacerbates engineered cropland fragmentation by physically partitioning plots for infrastructure construction. Contrary to the expected benefits, this engineered fragmentation significantly inhibits farmers' adoption of conservation tillage technologies. Mechanism analysis reveals that fragmentation increases mechanical operation costs and reduces economies of scale, thereby offsetting the benefits of improved facilities. Heterogeneity analysis shows that all types of consolidation (including production-oriented and function-oriented) and governance models (farmer-led, government-led, joint-contribution) exert a negative impact on adoption under the current rigid tenure system. Notably, even the 'Joint Contribution Model' fails to overcome the structural barriers imposed by fragmentation. Based on these findings, the study argues that engineering measures alone are insufficient. Policy focus must shift towards integrating ownership reforms to fundamentally resolve the fragmentation dilemma.

Clarifying the residential space differentiation in urban fringe areas and its influencing factors are crucial for land use planning and sustainable urban development. This study investigates residential space differentiation and its influencing factors in the urban fringe area of Beijing from the perspective of housing rent. Utilizing multi-source data, including housing rent statistics from the China Real Estate Price Platform, remote sensing imagery, and POI big data, we employ the residential dissimilarity index for tenants, geographical detector, and MGWR model to analyze spatial patterns and driving mechanisms. The results show the following: (1) The residential space differentiation in the urban fringe area of Beijing is obvious, showing an “X”-shaped fragmentation pattern, with the northeast and southwest regions forming high differentiation values, while the northwest and southeast regions form low differentiation values. (2) The residential space differentiation in the marginal area shows a strong scale effect, which originates from the historic “collage” development mode of Beijing. (3) The differentiation of residential space in Beijing’s urban fringe area is sensitive to the spatial accessibility of residential areas to other facilities, and is less affected by the spatial proximity, such as the number of facilities. (4) The central potential and traffic potential factors are still the core driving forces shaping the differentiation pattern of residential space in the marginal area; the role of leisure supporting factors has become increasingly prominent, and it has gradually become the key factor strengthening residential space differentiation; and the influence of medical and commercial supporting factors is relatively weak.

The unique Karst landforms in Southwest China led to fragile soil structures and erosion, compounded by the large-scale non-agricultural transfer of the rural labor force. This study employed a two-way fixed effects model to analyze the impact of rural labor mobility on the green utilization efficiency of cultivated land, controlling for unobservable individual and time-specific factors. Mediation analysis examined how changes in planting structure influenced this relationship, considering labor force structure heterogeneity. Results revealed a U-shaped relationship, with rural labor mobility initially causing a short-term decline in efficiency but leading to a long-term increase. The mechanism of action showed that rural labor mobility indirectly affected efficiency by altering planting structures; specifically, increased replanting frequency had a partial mediating effect (0.158), while a “grain-oriented” focus masked the effect (0.067). Additionally, an aging workforce and low education levels negatively impacted green utilization efficiency, complicating the situation in the Karst region. To enhance green utilization of cultivated land, it is essential to protect migrant farmers’ rights, improve agricultural labor quality, promote industrial upgrades, and adjust planting structures. These strategies will guide regional agriculture and ensure sustainable land resource use.

Optimizing the green use efficiency of cultivated land in the karst region of southwest China is crucial for promoting sustainable development of land resources and achieving harmony between humans and nature. Based on the epsilon-based measure model and geographically and temporally weighted regression methods, this paper investigated the spatio-temporal variation and influencing factors of cultivated land green utilization efficiency. The results indicated that: i) Cultivated land green utilization efficiency had slightly increased from 0.842 in 2000 to 0.866 in 2020. ii) The spatial pattern of cultivated land green utilization efficiency showed a significant positive correlation, with a “hotspot-not significant-coldspot” from north to south. iii) Its spatial heterogeneity had increased during the observation period, with high-efficiency areas shifting from northeast to north. iv) The proportion of agricultural economy, general public budget revenue, per unit cultivated land value had a positive impact on the cultivated land green utilization efficiency, while urbanization rate, per capita cultivated land area, land replanting index, average altitude had a negative impact. Moreover, the driving factors exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Therefore, it is necessary to promote technological progress and scientific research, implement funds and policies, leverage the leading role of high-efficiency areas, formulate differentiated development strategies, and thereby improve the green use efficiency of cultivated land.

Since the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality have been established, forest carbon sinks have garnered significant attention. As a fundamental component of forest carbon sinks, the quality of forest land significantly influences the carbon sink capacity of forests. This study utilized Kaizhou District, Chongqing City, a typical forest area as a case study, and used the correction method, factor method, CASA model, landscape ecology indexes, and canonical correlation analysis to evaluate the level of forest land quality and reveal the spatial distribution pattern and influencing mechanisms of forest land quality. The results showed that: (i) The quality index of public welfare forest land was distributed in [37.89, 148.15], and each quality level was diversified in space. The quality index of commodity forest land was distributed in [40.00, 92.67], and some high-quality forest land appeared in the transition zone of each region; (ii) The forest land quality index and the amount of net primary productivity passed the correlation test. Primary net productivity was higher on forest land with a high-quality index and lower on forest area with a low-quality index; (iii) public welfare forest land was mainly positively affected by community structure, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, and soil moisture. Commodity forest land was mainly positively affected by average annual temperature, soil moisture, and slope aspect. However, landform had a significant negative impact on the two types of forest land. Given these findings, we also proposed a series of measures aimed at promoting the sustainable development of research on regional forest land.

基于喀斯特地区2019-2021年6219份农户样本数据,运用双向固定效应模型剖析农村劳动力流失对耕地绿色利用的直接影响,并进一步分析农村劳动力流失通过种植结构调整产生的间接影响.研究结果表明:农村劳动力流失对耕地绿色利用呈显著负向影响,且该结论在经过内生性检验后仍然成立.种植结构调整在农村劳动力流失对耕地绿色利用的影响中发挥了间接效应,其中复种指数下降和"非粮化"分别会强化和弱化农村劳动力流失对耕地绿色利用的影响.

Boosting the coordination and symbiosis of urbanization and forest ecological security is notably critical for promoting regional green and sustainable development and achieving emission peak and carbon neutrality goals. However, there was still a lack of in-depth analysis of the coupling coordination relationship between urbanization and forest ecological security and its impact mechanism. On the basis of the data from 844 counties in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper explored the spatial differences and influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and forest ecological security. The results manifested that: i) There were apparent spatial disparities in the urbanization index, forest ecological security index, comprehensive index, coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Among them, the spatial pattern of coupling coordination degree had a strong consistency with urbanization index, that is, areas with higher urbanization index also had higher coupling coordination degree. ii) Based on coupling feature identification, it was found that 249 'problem areas' were mainly located in Yunnan Province, southeastern Guizhou Province, central Anhui Province, and central and eastern Jiangsu Province. The main factor for the formation was due to the lag of urbanization in coordinated development. iii) Among the socioeconomic indicators, population structure (0.136), per capita year-end financial institutions loan balance (0.409) and per capita fixed asset investment (0.202) all had a positive impact on coupling coordination degree, while location conditions (-0.126) had a negative impact. Among the natural indicators, soil organic matter (-0.212) and temperature (-0.094) had a negative impact on coupling coordination degree. iv) During the process of coordinated development, it was necessary to increase financial investment and financial support, actively formulate policies to attract talents, enhance the education and publicity of ecological civilization, and develop a green circular economy. The above measures can promote the harmonious development of urbanization and forest ecological security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Exposure to forest environment is beneficial to human health and has complex physiological and psychological effects. Here, we synthesized the results from 40 peer-reviewed publications, and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the general responses of 15 variables related to physiological and psychological functions to forest exposure. We summarized the evidence that forest exposure was beneficial to health, such as reducing systolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.27), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.28), heart rate (SMD = -0.27), sympathetic nervous activity (SMD = -0.24), salivary cortisol (SMD = -0.26), and increasing parasympathetic nervous activity (SMD = 0.23). Evidence showed that lower levels of systolic blood pressure and sympathetic nervous activity, and higher levels of parasympathetic nervous activity were associated with duration exposure to the forest, while lower levels of heart rate and higher levels of parasympathetic nervous activity were associated with methods of intervention with forest environment. When exposed to the forest, it was positive in terms of comfortable - uncomfortable (SMD = 2.07), natural - artificial (SMD = 2.56), and soothing - awakening (SMD = 2.01). Our results also showed that significant, moderate-sized reductions in negative emotions, such as anger, confusion, depression and fatigue (SMD = - 0.73-- 1.28), but large-sized improvements in vigor (SMD = 0.64) following exposure to forest environments. Subgroup analysis of duration and intervention methods showed that the psychological effects of forest exposure had no significant difference among different groups except for the effect of duration on tension-anxiety. Publication bias was detected in some parameters. Further large-scale clinical trials should be conducted to identify the mechanism of forest exposure to human health.

Based on first-hand data from the forest resources inventory of five representative forest farms in Beijing, this study quantitatively evaluates forest ecosystem health at sub-compartmental level for the years 2004, 2009 and 2014, using GIS technology, spatial statistical methods and mathematical modelling. The spatio-temporal pattern and evolution features of the health conditions of forest sub-compartments are explored, taking into account different forest types, forest age groups and forest categories. Our results indicate that the health condition of forest sub-compartments improved significantly between 2004 and 2014. The area and number of forest sub compartments at the "healthy" level showed obvious increases, and most forest sub-compartments that were classed as "unhealthy" and "morbid" improved to a "sub-healthy" level. Most of the forest sub-compartments above the "healthy" level were part of middle-aged forests, near-mature forests, mature forests and over mature forests, while the sub-compartments below the "unhealthy" level were mainly young forests. The health conditions of the categories shelter forests and special-purpose forests were found to be better than that of economic forests. Further analysis shows that the forest sub-compartments with better health conditions were mainly concentrated in the Ecological Conservation Zone of Beijing, while those in the New Urban Development Zone and the Functional Expansion Zone displayed relatively poor conditions. The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of forest health in the study area were shown to be mainly affected by geographical location, forest resources, socio-economic development, natural environment and forestry policies. We argue that the research can provide a scientific reference for the sustainable development and scientific management of forest farms in the process of implementing rural revitalization strategy in Beijing.

Green space is an important part of composite urban spatial systems. Therefore, reasonable planning strategies based on scientifically sound predictions of temporal and spatial changes in green space are critical for maintaining urban ecological environments, ensuring the health of residents, and maintaining social stability. However, existing forecasting models discount the impacts of urban social economy on green space. To address this gap, we constructed a system dynamics and cellular automata (SD-CA) coupling model that integrated the socioeconomic system and generated multiple scenarios. The results showed that at the current pace of socioeconomic development, Beijing’s central district will experience an overall reduction in green space and a decline in its integrity and diversity by 2035. If the population of this area reaches 9.29 million by 2035 and the GDP maintains an average growth rate of 6.1%, the areas of various land types will exhibit little change by 2035, and green space will be optimized to a certain extent. However, if the study area’s population decreases to 8.59 million by 2035 and the average GDP growth rate drops to 4.9%, the fragmentation, connectivity, and diversity index of green space will all increase significantly by 2035, and green space will be clearly optimized. We propose scientifically grounded strategies for maximizing the ecological functions and economic benefits of green space through optimized green space patterns, considered from a policy-oriented perspective of promoting socioeconomic development.

This study put forward an evaluation index system for measuring forest ecological security index (FESI). Taking the 1086 counties located in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a case study, we investigated the change and its spatial pattern of FESI, as well as the determining indicators (both natural and socio-economic), with the support of Arcmap and GeoDA software. The average FESI value of the study counties in 2010 and 2015 was found to be 0.4226 and 0.4990, increased by 18.08%. Spatially, an evident spatial gradient change was identified, with FESI values in the upstream areas of the Yangtze River being higher than those in midstream areas, and the values of midstream areas in turn being higher than those in downstream areas. The eight tributary basins within the economic belt witnessed significantly different FESI values. Based on the results of this evaluation of FESI and its sub-evaluation indexes, we identified 46.04% of the total counties as constituting "problem areas". These problem areas were mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, followed by counties around Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and in Sichuan province. A regression analysis was conducted in order to identify the determining indicators behind forest ecological security, with results indicating that the ratio of secondary industry, the urbanization rate, the per capita financial institution loan balance, accumulated temperature and wind speed all negatively impacted on FESI values, while population structure, soil organic matter and rainfall were revealed to play a positive role; all of these indicators were highly significant. Given these findings, we also set out a series of policy measures intended to promote the sustainable forest development of the study region. These include the vigorous development of tertiary industry and moves to reduce the proportion of the secondary industry in the national economy, the development of a circular economy, slowing the pace of urbanization, and continued increases in forestry investment in central cities particularly in problem areas.

Forestry policy plays an important role in China's collective forest areas in improving the management efficiency of forest land and promoting poverty alleviation amongst farmers. The data used in this study comes from the follow-up monitoring survey data for 454 households in the 10 counties of Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2016. We use a two-way fixed effect model to analyse the policy factors that affect the income and investment of non-poor and poor farmers. Besides, from the perspective of factors output elasticity, the impact mechanism of policies on forestry income is explored. Our results indicate that: i) in terms of forest land contracting policies, we verified that the clarification of forest land contract rights provides important guarantees for households to invest in productive inputs (especially for poor families). ii) Of the forestry fiscal subsidy policies analysed, the ecological benefits subsidies were found to promote forestry income and stimulate input. In particular, it has an incentive effect on the output elasticity of labour factors of poor farmers. Moreover, the under-forest economic subsidies can promote the increase in forestry income through improving the output elasticity of capital factors for non-poor farmers. iii) In the aspect of forestry financial insurance policies, the forest tenure mortgage loans can only increase the factor input of non-poor farmers, and the impact on farmers' forestry income was not significant. The forest insurance policy has a significant effect on the forestry income of all farmers because it can increase the output elasticity of capital factors of non-poor farmers and the output elasticity of capital and labour factors of poor farmers.

Rapid urbanization and the excessive human harvesting of forests have led to a continuous decline in the carrying capacity of forests in China. As a result, quantitative means of measuring forest resource carrying capacity are greatly needed, with a view to identifying problem areas and their causes and formulating effective response strategies. This paper puts forward a framework and methodology for constructing a forest resource carrying capacity index (FRCCI). To do this, we first calculate a forest ecological security index (FESI), using an evaluation index system. Ideal FESI values are then simulated by introducing a forest ecological location coefficient (FELC), and the FRCCI is obtained as the difference between the ideal FESI and the FESI. The study considers the 1086 counties that compose the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China, using forest and socioeconomic data for 2015. The resulting FRCCI values indicate that the forests of Yunnan province are generally in a state of "no overload," while Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces occupied a state of "critical overload" and Anhui and Jiangsu provinces experienced "general overload." The spatial pattern of the FRCCI in the study region presented significant centralization, with high FRCCI values mainly clustered in areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and low FRCCI values mainly clustered in areas in the midstream and downstream reaches of the River. The study identifies 416 counties identified as forest carrying capacity problem areas (38.31% of the study area); these areas were mainly concentrated in Shanghai and Anhui province. We argue that a number of measures would be helpful in improving FRCCI values, including promoting the forest state index by strengthening reforestation as well as afforestation, reducing the external pressure on forests by means of energy saving and emission reduction strategies, and formulating comprehensive policy measures to promote the carrying capacity of forests in the whole study area and in the problem areas.

农林经济管理专业是北京林业大学的特色专业、精品专业和优势专业,在健全培养制度、优化人才培养体系、开展创新创业教育、强化实验实践教学、探索校企协同育人机制等方面取得了一定的成绩.在此影响下,2013-2016年北京林业大学农林经济管理专业本科毕业生的就业竞争力逐渐增强,就业率保持在较高水平.为了进一步促进农林经济管理专业本科毕业生就业,北京林业大学主要采取了以下措施:一是加强一流学科建设,发扬农林经济管理专业特色;二是创新人才培养理念,全面实施导师制,改革课程考核方式,加强学生自主创新能力的培养;优化专业课程体系,从加强实习基地建设、完善专业实验室建设、增加实践教学环节入手强化实践教学,提高学生的创新、实践能力和专业素养;三是支持学生活动,培养学生的创业能力.在此基础上,针对大学生就业面临的新形势和新挑战,对促进农林经济管理专业本科毕业生就业进行了深入思考,提出下一步工作的思路:一是培育学院文化,增强对自由职业者的文化认同;二是提高专业选择的灵活性,将选择的权利交给学生;三是优化就业辅导体系,提高就业辅导的科学性和有效性;四是完善创新创业能力培养体系,提高学生的创新能力和实践能力以及创业积极性.

In this study, we analyzed changes in the spatiotemporal pattern and the dynamic evolution of a warning index for forest ecological security (the forest ecological security early warning index (FESEWI)). This was undertaken in order to provide a theoretical reference for decision making in relation to forest ecological security in Beijing, China. By analyzing spatiotemporal differences in the FESEWI values between 2009 and 2015 using system dynamics (SD) model, a prediction of the evolutionary trend for the ecological security of the forest from 2015 to 2030 was made. The results indicate that the overall forestry ecological security will continue the improvement that began in 2009 through to 2030. Whilst the warning index decreased slightly between 2009 and 2015, we predict that it will increase between 2016 and 2030. Regional differences were seen in the change characteristics of FESEWI values over time within the period studied. Spatially, the early warning index demonstrated an upward trend from the Functional Expansion Zone to New Urban Development Zone followed by Ecological Conservation Zone, and the low index range increasingly expanded with urbanization. The spatiotemporal evolution features of forest ecological security in Beijing were significantly affected by many factors, including forestry resources, socioeconomic activities, natural environment, and forestry policy, which resulted in periodicity and regional differences in the evolution of forest ecological security values.

农业地域功能是农业地理学的重点理论问题之一,也是关乎粮食安全和区域农业可持续发展的重要实践课题.以环渤海地区为例,通过构建评价体系开展农业地域功能划分及其演进分析,利用空间计量模型诊断农业地域多功能形成的影响因素.结果 表明:①环渤海地区生态保育功能的空间集中度较高,农产品供给、就业与社会保障、文化传承与休闲功能则较低,4种功能空间格局具有显著规律性.②农产品供给功能显著增强,主要分布区域向平原农区聚集;就业与社会保障高值区从内陆向沿海转移;山地丘陵生态保育功能有所增强;市辖区及周边的文化传承和休闲功能较显著.③农产品供给功能主导型县域集中于冀中南平原、鲁西北冲击平原、胶莱平原和辽河平原西部;社会保障主导型集中在燕山山麓平原、滨海平原、胶东半岛以及黄河三角洲;生态保育主导型集中在冀北坝上高原、燕山山地地区,以及辽西、辽东山地丘陵区和京津冀都市圈周边;文化传承与休闲功能集中于京津冀、辽中南和济南都市圈及周边;综合型位于鲁西南黄淮平原与鲁中南丘陵地区.④自然因素对农产品供给、就业与社会保障和生态保育功能的形成均具有显著影响;社会经济因素对4种功能的作用则具有较大差异.