Digitization has immensely impacted our education system and the career planning of students. Generally, career counselors/experts play an important role in evaluating and assisting students in choosing appropriate careers for themselves. These conventional methods and practices are no longer very impactful and after a point, they have proved ineffective. Hence many educational institutions have started using advanced automated solutions that are developed through artificial intelligence. Automation of the counseling system saves effort as well as time and has the potential to reach a diverse group of people. This paper explores the various machine learning algorithms used for providing effective career guidance and counseling. The study works on real-time students’ data using machine learning techniques and considers different attributes to find out which factors play a major role in choosing career students. Decision tree provides the highest accuracy for both datasets.

Abstract Background Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is an effective management strategy in stricturing Crohn’s disease (CD). While adult studies showed a high success rate of improved symptoms and avoiding surgical intervention, very little has been published in children. We thus present a multi-centre retrospective cohort study of EBD in paediatric CD from 9 centres affiliated with the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN. Methods Demographics, imaging, serological data, clinical indices (including the newly-developed modified CD obstructive score (mCDOS)), post-EBD complications and need for surgical intervention were recorded on electronic case report forms. Results Thirty-nine balloon dilatations were performed on 34 children (20 (59%) male, mean age 14.3 ± 3.4 years, median disease duration 3.5 years (IQR 1.1–5.8)). Successful avoidance of surgical intervention was recorded in 26 (76%) children, during a median follow-up period of 24 weeks (IQR 8–24). There was an increase in number of patients in clinical remission (wPCDAI < 12.5) following EBD from 20% pre-dilation to 36% (ns), 53% (p = 0.017) and 57% (p = 0.015) at weeks 2, 8 and 24, respectively. There was a trend to reduced mCDOS, from 5 (IQR 0–15) at baseline to 5 (0–6.25) (ns), 5 (0–5) (p = 0.04), and 0 (0–7.5) (ns), respectively. The stricture was primary in 31 (79%) children (17 in the ileocecal valve (ICV) region, 3 in the terminal ileum, 9 in the colon and 1 in the duodenum), 7 of whom had multiple strictures. Eight (21%) children had an anastomotic stricture. Median stricture length was 3 cm (IQR 2–4.7), bowel wall thickness 7 mm (IQR 5–8) and median pre-stenotic dilatation of 4.5 cm (IQR 4–5). Median maximal dilatation diameter was 15 mm (IQR 12–18) with the successful passage of the colonoscope in 26/39 (67%). There were 3 (8%) post-dilatation complications including one bleed following rectal dilatation (with spontaneous resolution) and 2 perforations (1 duodenal perforation managed conservatively and 1 ICV perforation requiring surgical resection). Conclusion EBD is an effective and safe technique in paediatric stricturing CD with over 75% avoiding surgery by one year and 8% complications. Further data are required to better identify optimal stricture features and dilatation diameter in children.

In recent years, a lot of data has been generated about students, which can be utilized for deciding the career path of the student. This paper discusses some of the machine learning techniques which can be used to predict the performance of a student and help to decide his/her career path. Some of the key Machine Learning (ML) algorithms applied in our research work are Linear Regression, Logistics Regression, Support Vector machine, Naïve Bayes Classifier and K- means Clustering. The aim of this paper is to predict the student career path using Machine Learning algorithms. We compare the efficiencies of different ML classification algorithms on a real dataset obtained from University students.

To investigate the aetiology of the 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza outbreak in India, 1,083 nasopharyngeal swabs from suspect patients were screened for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Of 412 positive specimens, six were further characterised by phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin (HA) sequences revealing that they belonged to genogroup 6B. A new mutation (E164G) was observed in HA2 of two sequences. Neuraminidase genes in two of 12 isolates from fatal cases on prior oseltamivir treatment harboured the H275Y mutation.

Frost induced freeze damage is the severest environmental stress faced by the subtropical plant species worldwide.Controlled environmental studies were conducted at Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Science Neri for using thermal hysteresis inducing chemicals as a tool for managing this stress in highly sensitive, medium sensitive and least sensitive subtropical fruit species.Foliar mist of 5 per cent 1, 2-Propanediol was found most effective treatment in reducing the relative electrolyte leakage in the experimental plants.Ingression of this chemical into plant system through hydrogel application in the effective root zone was found to give prolonged protection against frost.

Frost is the most devastating weather hazard for horticultural growth in the NW India. For mitigation of its impact the information on the process of freeze initiation a spread and the factors involved in aggravating the damage is of utmost importance. Studies were conducted at COHF Neri under controlled and radiation frost customized environment. REL was the measure adopted for accessing the damage. Two leaf surface wetness levels (wet and dry) along with three durations of low temperature (-2 0 C) exposure 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours were taken under a Completely Randomized Factorial experiment conducted on container grown ten subtropical fruit species. Leaf surface wetness was more critical in case of mango and litchi whereas in case guava, jamun, karonda, galgal, lime extrinsic ice nucleation was not very important in inducing internal damage to the leaf tissues. Duration of low temperature exposure aggravated the damage level in almost all the species. In case of papaya and jackfruit higher susceptibility of these species to frost induced freeze damage the impact of frost duration was not found to be significant. The relative order off susceptibility of different species was observed to be as: Loquat, galgal, lime, guava, karonda, jamun, litchi, mango, jackfruit, papaya in the increasing order.

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has become a major public health problem with marked expansion in recent decades. Dengue has now become hyperendemic in India with co-circulation of all the four serotypes. Herein, we report an unprecedented outbreak which occurred during August to October 2011 in Odisha, eastern India. This is the first report of a large epidemic in Odisha. Detailed serological and molecular investigation was carried out to identify the aetiology. Almost half of the samples were found to be dengue antigen (NS1) positive. Further molecular assays revealed circulation of mixed dengue serotypes (DENV-2 and DENV-3). Cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2 and -3 were identified as the aetiology by phylogenetic analysis. Interestingly, a new lineage of DENV-3 within cosmopolitan genotype was incriminated in this outbreak. The emergence of the unprecedented magnitude of the dengue outbreak with the involvement of a novel lineage of DENV in a newer state of India is a major cause for concern. There is an urgent need to monitor phylodynamics of dengue viruses in other endemic areas.

Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world, and as a larger proportion of the population is being affected, more unusual manifestations are being reported. Very few studies have documented unusual manifestations of dengue in South India. This prospective study was undertaken from July 2011 to June 2013 to document rare manifestations of dengue fever in 175 hospitalized patients. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of NS1Ag, dengue IgM, or IgG by ELISA and/or a RT-PCR and CDC real-time PCR for dengue virus (DENV) RNA. The daily profiles of the hematological and biochemical investigations were followed and recorded. Unusual and rare manifestations of dengue were documented for 115 patients (66 %). Hepatitis was observed in 70 % of the cases. Pleural effusion was seen in 11 %, acute renal failure in 10 %, neurological complications such as encephalitis in 7.4 %, myocarditis in 9 %, and bleeding gastric ulcers in 3.4 % of the cases. DENV serotype 2 was more prevalent in patients with unusual manifestations of dengue in our study. The WHO classification system does not include unusual and rare manifestations; hence, it is essential to be aware of these manifestations and closely monitor them for better clinical management and outcome of patients.

IC bond pads having thin pad aluminum (Al), less than 0.7μ thick, were probed multiple times by a variety of cantilever probe tips. Probe marks were created by an experimental high force probe card having various tip diameters. A finite element model of the probe tip was matched to the probe mark scrub length to gain a little more academic understanding of what to expect as probe parameters vary. Simulations using this model will be helpful in the future for situations where physical experiments are difficult or costly to run. Bond pads in the experiments include various ON Semiconductor circuit under pad (CUP) structures having Al metallization and silicon dioxide (SiO2) interconnect, previously demonstrated to be robust against cracking when compared against traditional IC bond pads. Smaller ball size and bond contact area are desirable as pads shrink on future products, but this will heighten any adverse effects of probe marks due to the relative % area increase beneath the bond. Experiment evaluations include bond pull strength (BPS), and bond shear (BS) for gold (Au) ball bonds of varying ball diameters over the wide range of probe marks, to begin checking the validity of a customary “probe mark area” maximum limit in wirebonding. Data indicates that large, deep probe marks can indeed bond ball lift fails, especially for non-optimized bonding recipes. It appears that probe mark depth, not area, is the most adverse factor in bond reliability. No issues relating to bonding over probe marks are expected in the more controlled and “gentle” manufacturing situations.

Frost is devastating, especially in the northern Sub-Himalayas and adjoining plains. Extent of damage usually comes into knowledge of the growers when winters are over. Early damage assessing techniques are rare and costly. Regional Horticultural and Forestry Research Station, Bhota/Neri, Himachal Pradesh has conducted studies for standardization of technique for visualization of frost or freeze damage through a cheap and reliable method. It has been observed that drying and rehydration method for visualizing the frost induced damage to the leaves has given excellent visual clarity and reproducibility. The method was compared to the relative ion leakage method (REL) and thereby its acceptance was confirmed. The relative susceptibility of different subtropical species worked out on the basis of this new method has been presented and was found in the close proximity with susceptibility level of these species observed under natural frost conditions.

SUMMARY Dengue is an emerging arboviral disease and currently poses the greatest arboviral threat to human health. In recent decades, there has been a substantial increase in dengue outbreaks in many parts of the world including India. We performed an in-depth investigation of a major dengue outbreak in Andhra Pradesh, southern India in 2007 by serology, virus isolation, RT–PCR and genotyping. The results revealed an unusual emergence of dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) along with the prevailing DENV-3. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete envelope gene of 182 globally diverse DENV-4 isolates demonstrated the involvement of a unique clade of genotype I of DENV-4 in the outbreak. This study also demonstrated a clear shift in the dominant serotype from DENV-3 to DENV-4 in India. This is the first report regarding the molecular characterization of Indian isolates of DENV-4, which has the potential to be involved in future outbreaks.

Studies were conducted during 1994–96 on Royal Delicious apple spaced at 7–8 m in private orchards with uniform cultural practices in Kotkhai region of Himachal Pradesh (1500–2000 m above mean sea-level). The tree yield of selected age groups (15–20, 20–25 and >25 years) was found to be influenced significantly by number of secondary scaffolds, trunk girth, tree volume and flowering intensity. Yield forecasting regression equations developed on the basis of these variables, for different age groups, through principle component regression gave better precision of the estimate and showed good forecasting performance.

Studies were carried out for rationalizing nutrient requirements of peach orchards in Himachal Pradesh. Peach orchards were surveyed for their nutrient status and were found to have optimum nutrient status compared to other nutrient ranges. When diagnosed through DRIS approach Mg followed by N was found to discriminate between low and high yield.

Hypoxia results in body weight loss due to anorexia and hypophagia and reduced human performance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of oral glutamate administration with food and water in improvement in hypoxic tolerance, if any. The placebo controlled study revealed that supplementation of optimal dose of glutamate (Glu) promoted hypoxic tolerance in male Sprague Dawley Albino rats fed one dose daily for 5 days and exposed to continuous intermittent hypoxia of 6 hrs per day at 10,668m in an animal exposure chamber. Effect of varying dose of Glu on body weight (bw),food intake and water uptake were studied which revealed the optimal dose of Glu to be 27mgKg bw. Oral feeding of Glu resulted in improved tolerance of combined stress of cold and hypoxia as measured by fall in rectal temperature from 37’C to 23’C and faster rewarming. It enhanced 5.8 times hypoxic tolerance 36% bw gain and 24% food intake in hypoxia possibly by acting as a conditionally essential amino acid under hypoxia.

Evaluation of nine high yielding pearl millet hybrids or composites along with a local variety of Nagaur district, for proximate principles, namely, crude protein, crude fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrates and energy contents, and minerals, namely, calcium and iron contents, revealed that the varieties differed significantly with respect to all the characters. Though none of the high yielding varieties exceeded the local in all the components, the varieties namely ICTP-8203, MP-179, RHB-30, MP-171, WC-C75 and HHB-67 were superior than the local check with respect to proximate principles. Among the varieties, MP-171, MP-254, WC-C75, ICTP-820, and MH-179 were also superior in mineral contents. Excepting fat with carbohydrate content and ash with calcium content, rest of the characters were either positively correlated or the correlation coefficient was nonsignificant, suggesting a possibility of their simultaneous improvement. Since a wide variability for quality traits has been reported to exist in germplasm, there is scope for development of varieties with better nutritional quality.