Although Na4MnV(PO4)3 (NMVP) is regarded as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, low capacity and structural degradation upon cycling limit its practical application. Doping is an efficient way to enable Na+ migration and stabilize MnO6/VO6 octahedra during cycling. However, the potential roles of different-site dopants, especially how multi-site doping in NMVP works synergistically, remain elusive. Here, taking Na-site K dopant and Mn/V-sites Al dopant as a typical example, the distinct roles of K and Al dopants have been identified in enhancing Na+ diffusion and simultaneously ensuring structural stability of NMVP. Specifically, Na3.7K0.2Mn0.9Al0.1V0.9Al0.1(PO4)3 (NKMAVAP) has been developed in which such multi-site doping not only alters local chemical environments of Mn/V/Na sites for enhancing electronic/ionic conductivity, but also inhibits large structural strain of MnO6/VO6 octahedra upon cycling. Importantly, Al dopant at Mn sites plays a critical role in boosting Na+ migration and enhancing structural stability of NMVP, achieving an order of magnitude increase in chemical diffusion coefficient of Na+ in the second-step Na+ extraction/insertion processes. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental findings, NKMAVAP exhibits the optimized electrochemical performance with a rate capability of 72.2 mAh g−1 at 20C and a capacity retention of 92.1% after 2000 cycles at 15C.

Sodium iron sulfate (Na2.4Fe1.8(SO4)3, NFS) has attracted significant attention as cathode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high operating voltage (3.8 V), abundant iron resources, and relatively low manufacturing cost. However, low electronic conductivity, sluggish ion diffusion, and limited actual capacity severely hinder its commercialization application. Herein, a chlorine-regulated strategy is proposed to alter the local coordination environment of Na sites and simultaneously weaken Na-O interactions for realizing more and faster Na+ migration within NFS. In particular, the extraction of more Na+ ions at Na1/Na2 sites has been achieved, as Na+ ions at Na1/Na2 sites usually face greater difficulty migrating compared to those at Na3 sites, resulting in a higher high-voltage capacity. Based on theoretical calculations and material/electrochemical characterizations, the incorporation of chlorine can not only reduce the band gap of NFS from 2.23 to 0.04 eV but also lower the Na+ diffusion energy barrier. When evaluated as cathode for SIBs, the optimized Na2.4Fe1.8(SO4)2.95Cl0.1 cathode exhibits the best sodium storage performance with a specific capacity of 91.5 mAh g-1 at 0.1C, a rate capability of 70.0 mAh g-1 at 15C, and capacity retentions of 79.2% after 3000 cycles (25 degrees C), 96.6% after 500 cycles at -20 degrees C, and 79.4% after 1000 cycles at 50 degrees C. This work provides a facile and efficient anionic regulation strategy for designing high-performance iron-based sulfate cathodes.

Manganese-containing NASICON-type phosphate cathodes have shown a great potential for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to robust structure, 3D ion transport channels, and relatively low toxicity. However, their practical applications are limited owing to poor electron/ion transportation kinetics and large structural strain upon Na+ extraction/insertion processes. Herein, taking Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5(PO4)3 as an example, a Mn vacancy (VMn) regulation strategy has been developed for constructing VMn-containing Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5-x square x(PO4)3 in which VMncan not only efficiently alter the coordination environments of transition metals (TMs) in Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5(PO4)3 for facilitating Na+ migration and charge distribution, but also provide more flexible VO6/MnO6 octahedra environments for guaranteeing robust structural stability upon cycling. Based on theoretical calculation and characterizations, the optimized Na3.5V1.5Mn0.4 square 0.1(PO4)3 shows the optimized sodium storage performance than those of Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5(PO4)3 without VMn, and Na3.5V1.5Mn0.45 square 0.05(PO4)3, Na3.5V1.5Mn0.35 square 0.15(PO4)3. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of VMncan not only reduce the band gap from 0.89 eV to 0.53 eV, but also weaken the interaction of Na2-TM and lower the sodium ion diffusion energy barrier near VMn, thus leading to enhanced intrinsic electron/ion conductivity. Importantly, Na3.5V1.5Mn0.4 square 0.1(PO4)3 exhibits smaller distortions of TMO6 octahedra with VO6 reduced by 21.7% and MnO6 reduced by 47.1% compared to the counterpart without VMn. When evaluated as cathode for SIBs, such cathode delivers a reversible capacity of 119.7 at 0.1 C, a rate capability of 96.6 mAh g-1 at 20 C, and a capacity retention of 88% after 5000 cycles at 20 C.

Carbon was deposited onto silicon nanowires (SiNWs) via pyrolysis to form a high-performance Carbon/SiNWs photocathode. Compared with pristine SiNWs, the carbon-modified photocathode exhibited substantially enhanced photoelectrochemical performance, achieving a photocurrent density of-13.45 mA·cm −2 at 0 V vs RHE and an onset potential of 0.597 V vs RHE, indicating a 0.413 V positive shift relative to unmodified SiNWs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a reduction in charge transfer resistance (R ct) from 1005 Ω (pristine) to 91 Ω (carbon-coated). These results demonstrate that carbon deposition is an effective strategy to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of silicon-based photocathodes, offering direct relevance for solar energy conversion and water-splitting applications.

Glucose detection is pivotal in healthcare, the food sector, and bioprocess monitoring. Developing low-cost, robust, highly selective, sensitive, and wide-linear-range catalytic materials is key to lowering the detection threshold. Non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors have emerged as a research focus due to their enzyme-free operation, high stability, and cost-effectiveness. Among various catalytic materials for non-enzyme sensors, nickel-based materials stand out for their abundant supply, favorable catalytic activity, and structural tunability, making them widely used in non-enzymatic glucose sensor construction. This review systematically examines the impact of synthesis methods (e.g., hydrothermal and solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrochemical deposition, acoustic chemical method, pyrolysis, calcination, microwave-assisted, and plasma-based synthesis) on nickel-based materials and their performance, and it also analyzes the sensing performance variations across various systems, such as nickel-based compounds, complexes, and derivatives. Optimizing material composition and nanostructures can markedly improve sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and linear range. Furthermore, device-oriented innovations, such as integrating flexible electrodes with smart monitoring systems, have proven viable for real-world sample detection. Future research should tackle challenges such as catalytic efficiency under neutral conditions, long-term stability, and anti-interference capabilities to facilitate the commercialization of nickel-based non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

In this article, a nonlinear non-enzyme glucose sensor based on the Langmuir relationship is designed. In terms of materials, the treated Ni3+-NiMOF@Ni3(PO4)2 material has a higher surface trivalent nickel content than the NiMOF@Ni3(PO4)2 material, and this simple surface valence state adjustment engineering improves the electrochemical activity of the electrode. In terms of device performance, the glucose sensor using the above strategy exhibits a typical Langmuir relationship, and its K and KA values are 1.4732 and 5.71556 x 10-4 (R2 = 0.99322), respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity curve of the Ni3+-NiMOF@Ni3(PO4)2 sensor as a function of concentration was calculated by the first order differential method. The corresponding sensitivity ranges from 40.3 to 1476.7 mu A mM- 1 cm- 2. This means that all test intervals (1-9000 mu M) of the Ni3+-NiMOF@Ni3(PO4)2 sensor can serve for later embedded programming. Moreover, our work may provide some ideas for the industrialization of non-enzyme glucose sensor, it only costs about $ 80 to manufacture a device that can be used for testing in the laboratory.

Electrocatalytic materials with dual functions of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have received increasing attention in the field of zinc-air batteries (ZABs) research. In this study, bifunctional CoNC@NCXS catalysts were prepared by anchoring Co and N co-doped CoNC on N-doped carbon xerogel sphere (NCXS) based on the spatially confined domain effect and in-situ doping technique. CoNC@NCXS exhibited excellent ORR/OER activity in alkaline electrolytes with the ORR onset potential of 0.99 V, the half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.78 V at 10 mA cm−2 and the OER overpotential of 360 mV at 10 mA cm−2. These excellent catalytic activities were derived from constructing composite active structures and enhancing electrocatalytic efficiency. The ZAB assembled with CoNC@NCXS catalyst had a discharge specific capacity of 710 mAh g−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which was superior to that of the Pt/C&RuO2 catalyst-assembled battery (667 mAh g−1). After running for 150 h, the charge and discharge efficiency of the CoNC@NCXS battery decreased by only 12.8%, which confirmed the excellent stability of the CoNC@NCXS catalyst. The free energy diagrams showed that, CoNC@NCXS has lower energy barriers and higher potential than CoNC in key reaction steps. This study provides a new perspective for the structural design of highly active composite catalysts in energy storage and conversion.

As key materials in high-efficiency clean energy technologies, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) and metalorganic gel (MOG) materials have shown great potential. However, they suffer from issues such as insufficient electrical conductivity, stability, and active sites. To enhance the comprehensive performance of electrocatalytic materials, In this study, electrospinning technology was adopted to in-situ embed the ZIF-MOG precursor during the formation process of nanofibers. A graphene conductive fiber network was constructed through the high temperature carbon ring closure of organic fibers, resulting in the fabrication of the efficient catalyst of ZIF-MOG derived carbon nanofibers (ZM-CNF) with dual functions of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Raman spectroscopy and BET tests indicate that the ZM-CNF material has a high specific surface area, an appropriate degree of graphitization, and a mesoporous distribution. Electrochemical analysis indicated that the ORR half-wave potential for this catalyst is as high as 0.80 V, and the overpotential for OER is 396 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. By means of a balanced design of defect engineering and conductive networks, ZM-CNF achieved a synergistic optimization of catalytic performance and charge transfer efficiency. In the application test of zinc-air batteries, the battery assembled with ZM-CNF achieved a maximum power density of 115.7 mW cm-2 and an open-circuit voltage of 1.442 V, which is comparable to the performance of the battery assembled with the commercial Pt-RuO2 catalyst. During the 180 h charge-discharge cycle test, the chargedischarge efficiency of the ZM-CNF battery did not exhibit significant attenuation, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic performance and cyclic stability. This study broadens the perspective for the structural regulation design of high-performance composite catalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.

In recent years, there has been an urgent need for more efficient, lower-cost, and more stable Zinc-Air Batteries (ZABs) devices to meet the increasing demand for energy storage technology. Therefore, improving the air cathode catalyst is an unavoidable problem. This paper discusses the synthesis and application of cobalt phosphide materials, especially in ZABs air cathode catalysts (from 2019 to early 2024). The selected literature briefly evaluates the synthesis scheme and purpose of cobalt phosphide and its derivatives. Additionally, it reviews the performance of ZABs devices assembled with air cathode catalysts. Finally, it describes recent developments and provides prospects for future development. This work may provide some guidance for future studies on cobalt phosphide and its derivatives as air cathode catalysts.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to the excellent optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials. The energy consumption and high cost issues of metal electrode evaporation should be addressed before large-scale manufacturing and application. We developed an effective metal electrode evaporation procedure for the fabrication of high-efficiency planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs, with an inverted device structure of glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA)/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/(E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP)/Ag. The effect of the evaporation rate for an evaporator with a small-volume metal cavity on the performance of PHJ-PSC devices was investigated systematically. Through controlling the processes of Ag electrode evaporation, the charge dynamics of the devices were studied by analyzing their charge recombination resistance and lifetime, as well as their defect state density. Our findings reveal that the evaporation rate of an evaporator with a small cavity is favorable for the performance of PHJ-PSCs. As a result, PHJ-PSCs fabricated using a very thin, non-doped PTAA film exhibit photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.21%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.132 V. This work showcases the great potential of rapidly evaporating metal electrodes to reduce fabrication costs, which can help to improve the competitiveness in the process of industrialization.

A rice-husk-derived carbon electrocatalyst (RHFeN) with oxygen reduction catalytic activity are obtained by the synergism of iron and nitrogen co-doping.

In recent years, flexible photodetectors (FPDs) have received increasing attention due to their applications in electronic eyes, flexible sensing, terminal devices, and wearable devices. In addition, metallic halide perovskite materials are considered as future materials for FPDs due to their compatibility with flexible substrates, low cost, simple synthesis methods, and superior optoelectronic properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant cutting-edge research in the field of flexible perovskite photodetectors (FPPDs) from 2020 to 2022. First, the evaluation criteria for FPPDs are discussed and the development of perovskite stability criteria is emphatically described. Afterwards, the synthesis methods and device construction processes of metal halide perovskite materials commonly used by researchers in the past three years are described. These include single crystals and low-dimensional materials. Moreover, we have elaborated on the research of self-powered FPPD and its contributions in wearability, terminals, and portability. Finally, a summary of developments and possibilities in the field of FPPDs from 2020 to 2022 is provided.

In the low temperature and high pressure hydrothermal reaction system designed in this paper, urea is used as the reducing agent and nitrogen source of graphene oxide (GO), and ammonium source of NH 4 NiPO 4 at the same time. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used as both ammonium source and phosphorus source, and nickel nitrate is used as nickel ion source. We used UPS, XPS valence band spectroscopy, and UV–VIS to characterize the energy band structure of NH 4 NiPO 4 sample without rGO addition. Moreover, NH 4 NiPO 4 @rGO powder was characterized by SEM, BET, TEM, EDS, XPS, and XRD. It is worth noting that the NH 4 NiPO 4 @rGO/GCE with smooth modified layer was prepared by drop coating method and ethanol atmosphere drying. Also, the electrochemical properties of NH 4 NiPO 4 @rGO/GCE were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric i–t curve (IT). To confirmed that the NH 4 NiPO 4 @rGO/GCE has high sensitivity to glucose (328 µA mM −1 cm −2 ), low practical quantitation limit (PQL), low limit of detection (LOD), wide linear range (1–5000 µM), reliable stability, and strong glucose selectivity.

In this paper, we synthesized a novel binuclear Ir complex [(Dfppy)(4)Ir-2(ecbtpd)] with a bis beta-diketone substituted carbazole derivative as the auxiliary ligand and 2-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl) pyridine as the main ligand. The thermal stability, UV-vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra, phosphorescent lifetime, electrochemistry, and luminescent mechanism of this Ir complex were investigated as well as the device fabricated in phosphorescent PLEDs through solution-process technique. The devices show yellow emissions with maximum current efficiency and maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.67 cd/A and 8.44%, respectively.

Perovskite materials have attracted extensive attention because of their superior performance in the fields of photoelectric detection, photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, metal–air batteries, etc. However, their development and application in the field of X-ray detectors have not been reviewed. In this paper, research on perovskite-based X-ray detectors is analyzed using the bibliometric method. This analysis sample includes the literature from 1997 to the present. In addition, the research status of perovskite-based scintillators and direct X-ray detectors under different crystallization conditions and different preparation methods is discussed. Finally, several problems that need to be overcome in the future of perovskite-based X-ray detectors are put forward.

Na3V2(PO4)(3) (NVP) has been considered as one of the most promising candidates as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIB), owing to its high structural stability and a three-dimensional (3D) ion diffusion channel. However, low electronic conductivity and limited intrinsic Na+ diffusion kinetics seriously restrict its practical applications, especially at high current rates. Herein, we report a unique 3D interconnected hybrid architecture assembled from Ca-doped NVP embedded in in situ-generated N-doped carbon nanosheet networks. Such hybrids combine the advantages of Na site regulations and a 3D interconnected conductive network in which the former can remarkably enhance Na+ migration capability, owing to the reduced Na+ diffusion barrier, while the latter can efficiently inhibit self-aggregation of nanobuilding blocks and afford intimate contact and an electronic connection between active materials and 3D carbon scaffolds, thus leading to abundant active sites and higher structural stability than each component alone. Benefiting from these merits, the obtained hybrids exhibit superior rate capability (83.0 mAh g(-1) up to 15C) and excellent cycling stability with capacity retentions of 93.1% after 5000 cycles at room temperature and 96.3% after 500 cycles at zero temperature. Such work provides a facile avenue for modulating and optimizing polyanion cathode materials with synergistically enhanced electron/ion transport kinetics at both the solid and electrode/electrolyte interface for energy-related applications.

A novel zinc complex Zn(PhCzKt)2 with beta-diketone unit as chelating group was synthesized, where PhCzKt is dehydrogenation 1-(4-(tert-butyl) phenyl)-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) propane-1,3-dione. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, MS and EA. Its UV-vis, PL, thermal stability, and electrochemistry were studied. The luminescent mechanism was also explored by calculations of DFT (density functional theory) and time -dependent DFT. Zn(PhCzKt)2-based electroluminescent devices were manufactured by using evaporation tech-nique. The devices present efficient luminescence with maximum EQE of 1.54 %, and the CIE(x,y)1931 of the EL spectrum is(0.1558, 0.0901), displaying a deep-blue emission.

High-quality CH 3 NH 3 PM 3 perovskite thin films in air via doctor-blading technology of in-situ heat treatment were prepared, the resulting perovskite film has the advantages of large crystal domains, good stability and repeatability. Based on the perovskite film, the perovskite photodetectors with such a simple structure of glass/ CH3NH3PbI3/Au were constructed, and the high resulting responsivity (R) of 5.70 AW −1 was achieved, the as fast as rise and fall response speed of 14.0ms and 13.4ms were showed, which indicates that the perovskite films via doctor- blading have a potential application prospect in constructing low-cost and large-area optoelectronic devices.

The hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention in the photovoltaic community during the last decade due to unique properties, such as high absorption coefficient, solutionable fabrication, and compatibility with roll-to-roll technology. A certified power conversion efficiency of PSCs as high as 25.2% has been obtained, approaching the levels of silicon solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar cells. However, the device area of a PSC is one of the biggest challenges for the commercialize applications. To fabricate large-area PSCs, various fabrication methods have been proposed, including spray coating, slot-die coating, vacuum deposition, and blade coating. Here, the blade-coating technique progress for the PSC fabrication has been reviewed. Moreover, the optimized ways during the solution fabrication process, the efficient strategy for improving the perovskite films' morphology, have also been summarized in this work. In the last part, the challenges and opportunities of PSC commercialization have also been proposed.

Using a simple dipping method, Cu2O nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the surface and the sidewall of silicon nanowires (Si NWs). As a photocathode, the Cu2O/Si NWs composites not only show a low reflectance of 10.75% in the 300–900 nm wavelength range, but also can enhance the separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs due to the junction formed by Cu2O and Si NWs. The Cu2O/Si NWs-20 min photocathode achieved a photocurrent of 3.5 mA cm−2 at −0.8 V versus AgCl/Ag and a photoconversion efficiency of 1.2%.