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Objective To understand the pattern of expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3A in chorionic villi and decidua of the patients with early spontaneous abortion.Method Expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3A in chorionic villi and decidua of early spontaneous abortion and normal pregnancy were detected using immunohistochemistry.Findings Immunoreactive staining of DNMT1 and DNMT3A were predominantly located in the nuclei of syneytiotrophooblast, cytotrophoblast cell of chorionic villi, decidual cell, and glandular epithelium cell of decidua.The intensity of DNMT1 staining in the chorionic villi and decidua of early spontaneous abortion was significantly lower than those of normal pregnancy(P﹤0.05).The intensity of DNMT3A staining in the chorionic villi of early spontaneous abortion was lower than that of normal pregnancy, and the difference was statistically significant (3.17 ±0.99 vs 4.10 ±1.18, P ﹤0.05).However, no significant difference was found in the decidua(P>0.05).Conclusion Abnormal expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3A in chorionic villi and decidua may have an important influence in the process of early spontaneous abortion.

子宫内膜异位症（内异症）是一种妇科常见病,不孕是其主要临床表现之一。内异症不孕是多因素共同作用的结果。目前认为,内异症不孕的发生与盆腔内环境的改变密切相关,腹腔液中的多种细胞因子和自由基可能参与其中。另外,异常的表观遗传调控可能与内异症不孕的发生有关。

目的建立转染卵泡刺激素受体（FSHR）307和680位点突变的上皮性卵巢癌SKOV3细胞系和裸鼠动物模型。方法将人卵巢颗粒细胞（来自体外受精取卵时废弃的颗粒细胞）,行原代培养后用于FSHR RNA提取;FSHR和FSHR307、680位点突变重组蛋白构建;将FSHR和FSHR307、680位点突变蛋白转染SKOV3细胞株;将处理后的3组SKOV3细胞接种到裸鼠皮下,8周后处死裸鼠,并取瘤组织验证。结果建立了307和680位点突变的FSH受体高表达的上皮性卵巢癌SKOV3细胞系和裸鼠动物模型。结论成功地建立了307和680位点突变的FSH受体高表达的SKOV3上皮性卵巢癌细胞系和裸鼠移植瘤模型,为FSH在上皮性卵巢癌中的作用和治疗提供了一种新的细胞模型和动物模型。

子宫内膜异位症是一个妇科常见病,其发病机制目前尚不明确,目前认为它与表观遗传改变有密切关系。组蛋白乙酰化修饰是表观遗传调控的重要机制之一。现结合国内外文献报道,对组蛋白去乙酰化酶及其抑制剂与子宫内膜异位症的发病及治疗前景做一综述。

Endometrial carcinoma is a common gynecologic malignant tumor,but the pathogenesis mechanism has not been clearly understood so far.Studies showed that the development of endometrial carcinoma is related to epigenetics.Histone acetylation is a crucial epigenetic modification,which involves the control of cell-cycle progression,proliferationand apoptosis.This paper discusses the relation between HDACs and endometrial carcinoma and the therapeutic effects of HDACIs on endometrial carcinoma.

Modern higher medical education pays increasingly great attention to training students'academic thinking and creative ability.Inquiry - based teaching is to cultivate creativity for the purpose of teaching the students,who are the main - body of this process.Introduction of inquiry - based teaching into the education of obstetrics and gynecology can stimulate students' interest in learning,and help to improve their comprehensive quality and innovation.

Objective:To study the pathophysiological roles and clinical significance of HDAC1 protein in chorionic villi and decidua of patients with early spontaneous abortion.Methods:The expression of HDAC1 in chorionic villi and decidua of early spontaneous abortion and normal pregnancy was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western-blot.Results:Immunoreactive staining of HDAC1 was predominantly located in the nuclei of syneytiotrophooblast,cytotrophoblast cell of chorionic villi,and decidual cell,glandular epithelium cell of decidua.The intensity of HDAC1 staining in the chorionic villi of early spontaneous abortion was lower than that of normal pregnancy,while the intensity of HDAC1 staining in decidua was higher than that of normal pregnancy,and the differences were significant(P<0.05).Western-blot showed that HDAC1 protein level in the chorionic villi of early spontaneous abortion was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy(1.38±0.63 vs 1.92±0.82,P<0.05).HDAC1 protein level in the decidua of early spontaneous abortion was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy(1.02±0.53 vs 0.71±0.36,P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of HDAC1 in the chorionic villi and decidua may play an important role in the process of early spontaneous abortion.

目的探讨DNA甲基转移酶1（DNMT1）和组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（HDAC1）在子宫内膜异位症患者子宫内膜中的表达及其两者在子宫内膜异位症发生、发展中的作用。方法选取子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜18例,无子宫内膜异位症的对照子宫内膜20例,应用免疫组织化学法测定DNMT1的分布,应用免疫印迹法检测内膜组织中DNMT1和HDAC1蛋白的表达。结果免疫组织化学提示,DNMT1主要分布于子宫内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞的胞核;子宫内膜异位症在位内膜中DNMT1的表达强度显著高于对照组子宫内膜（P＜0.01）。免疫印迹发现,子宫内膜异位症在位内膜DNMT1和HDAC1蛋白的表达高于对照组子宫内膜,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且两者的表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论 DNMT1和HDAC1在EMs患者的高表达可能在子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展中起着重要作用。

Objective To investigate the expression of histone deacetylase1(HDAC1) in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Methods The expression of HDAC1 in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of 20 cases of women with endometriosis,and the expression of HDAC1 in the endometrium of 20 cases with hysteromyoma were mesured by immunohistochemical technique and Western blotting. Results HDAC1 was located in the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells.The expression level of HDAC1 in eutopic endometrium was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.01).In Western blotting, semi-quantitative analysis showed that the relative expression of HDAC1 protein in eutopic and ectopic endometrium were significantly higher than that in the control group(2.67±0.69;2.55±1.36 vs 1.63±0.93,P0.01,P0.05).But there was no significant difference between eutopic and ectopic endometrium(P0.05).Conclusion The higher expression of HDAC1 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium with endometriosis indicates that it may play an important role in the pathophysiology and development of endometriosis.

目的 观察雌激素受体、孕激素受体在宫内节育器下移子宫内膜中的表达,探讨宫内节育器下移后异常子宫出血的机制.方法 采用免疫组化的实验方法检测30例宫内节育器位置下移患者(20例有异常阴道出血,10例无异常阴道出血)和20例宫内节育器位置正常妇女子宫内膜组织中雌激素受体、孕激素受体的表达情况.结果 宫内节育器下移伴异常出血组子宫内膜组织中雌激素受体的表达显著高于宫内节育器下移无出血组及宫内节育器正常组(t分别为2.24、3.42,均P<0.05);而孕激素受体在各组子宫内膜中的表达无显著性差异(t分别为1.70、1.59,均P>0.05).结论 雌激素受体在宫内节育器下移伴异常出血子宫内膜中的高表达可能参与了宫内节育器下移后子宫异常出血的发生.

Objective To identify their expressions of Ezrin,atrix metalloproteinases-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2(TIMP-2)in human cervical carcinoma,to clarify their relationships between these expressions and invasion,metastasis of human cervical carcinoma.Methods Ezrin, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were detected immunohistochemically in 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,in 20 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix,in 29 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and 16 cases of normal cervices.Results Immunohistochemical staining of tumor cells for Ezrin, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were noted in intracytoplasm.There were significant differences for Ezrin,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix,CIN and normal cervices respectively(P0.01).The positive rates of Ezrin and MMP-2 in lymph node metastasis were obviously higher than that in without lymph node metastasis(P0.01),but for TIMP-2 it was contrary. The expressions of Ezrin between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 protein were positively correlated in cervical lesions respectively(r_S=0.422,P=0.000;r_S=0.294,P=0.002).Conclusion The expressions for Ezrin,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix are higher than that in control group.The overexpressions of three markers possibly play a key role in invasion and lymph-node metastasis of carcinoma of the cervix.Ezrin,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 might play a synergistic action for their positive correlation in CIN and cervical carcinoma.

Objective To determine the routes for obtaining A/H1N1 influenza knowledge by the undergraduates as well as their current awareness on the disease for providing reference for making effective preventive and control measures. Methods 428 undergraduates,who were freshmen,junior or senior in our college,were surveyed using a questionnaire. Results A/H1N1 influenza knowledge was obtained through various routes by students of different grade: the junior and senior undergraduates learned the knowledge mainly from school education and TV,while the freshmen mainly from TV and internet.The knowledge of clinical symptoms and treatment of A/H1N1 influenza of the junior and senior undergraduates were significantly higher than that of the freshmen(91% versus 71%,χ2=27.704,P=0.000;83.4% versus 70.5%,χ2=10.021,P=0.002).The knowledge of spread ways and precautionary measures of A/H1N1 influenza of female undergraduates were significantly higher than that of male undergraduates(P0.05). Conclusion School health education is the main way for undergraduates to learn A/H1N1 influenza knowledge and enhancement of students' awareness of A/H1N1 influenza is one of effective precautionary measures.

<正>外阴鳞状细胞癌(vulvar squamous cell carcinoma,VSCC(以下简称鳞癌)是较少见的恶性肿瘤,多见于60岁以上妇女其浸润转移是一个多因素、多步骤、多基因参与的复杂过程。研

Objective To study the role of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1)and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis.Methods The expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in the eutopic endometrium of 30 patients with endometriosis(endometriosis group)and 30 with adenomyosis(adenomyosis group)was detected immunohistochemically by SP method.Twenty-six normal endometrium served as controls.Results Ang-1 and Ang-2 were located in the cytoplasma of endothelium,epithelial glands and stroma.The expression of Ang-1 in endometriosis group was higher than that in normal endometrium(P0.01).The expression of Ang-2 in endometriosis and adenomyosis groups were higher than that in normal endometrium(P0.01).Conclusions The increase of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in eutopic endometrium in patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis indicates that they might play a critical role in the pathophysiology and development of endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Objective To identify the expressions and distributions of aquaporin-1(AQP 1) and microvessel density(MVD) in human cervical carcinomas and their relationship,and investigate the roles of AQP1 and MVD in human cervical carcinomas. Methods The expressions of AQP1 and MVD in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma(46 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,28 cases of in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix),in 34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and in 15 cases of normal cervices by immunohistochemical technique.Results The expression of AQP1 was found in vascular endothelial cell of CIN,squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix,with the largest amount in adenocarcinoma and a same amount in CIN and squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.There was distinct difference in the intensities of squamous-cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and control groups.The expression rates of MVD gradually increased with the progress of cervical lesion.There were significant differences between the above 4 groups for MVD(P0.01).The expression of MVD was higher than that of AQP1 in squamous cell carcinoma,in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and in the control group,but they were the same in CIN.The expression rates of AQP1 and MVD in lymph node metastasis were obviously higher than those in non-lymph node metastasis.Conclusion AQP1 mainly expresses in vascular endothelial cell of CIN,squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.Its expression is lower than that of MVD.AQP1 may play a key role in the growth,invasion and lymph-node metastasis of human cervical carcinoma together with microvessel.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of aquaporin-8 (AQP8) and apoptosis associated bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma and their relationship.METHODS:The expression of AQP8 and bcl-2 protein in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma (46 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 28 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix), 34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 15 cases of normal cervices were detected by immunohistochemical technique, and their clinical significance were analyzed.RESULTS:The expression of AQP8 and bcl-2 protein were detected in intracytoplasm of atypia cells in CIN, squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The positive rates of AQP8 and bcl-2 in squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, CIN and normal cervical epithelium were 98%, 74%; 61%, 71%; 71%, 53% ; 53%, 20% respectively. There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and other groups in AQP8 (P < 0.01), but no significant differences were found in any other groups. There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and CIN or normal cervical epithelium in bcl-2, so were between adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The expression of AQP8 was positively correlated with bcl-2 in human cervical carcinoma( r(s) = 0.463, P = 0.000).CONCLUSIONS:There is a close relationship between high expression of AQP8 and development of human cervical carcinoma. The expression of AQP8 protein is positively correlated with bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma. AQP8 protein may have anti-apoptosis function, although the detailed mechanism in human cervical carcinoma remains to be clarified.

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that affects women of childbearing age,and infertility is one of its major manifestations.The mechanism of endometriosis-associated infertility is still unclear.The latest study suggested that endometriosis may be an epigenetic disease.Abnormal DNA methylation and dysfunctional imprinting are major forms of epigenetic abnormality.Abnormal methylation,which presents in endometriosis,may be related to the endometriosis-associated infertility.Imprinted genes are particularly important for fetal and placental developments.Endometriosis related dysfunctional imprinting might influence embryonic implantation and development.In this review,we summarized progress in research on relationship of DNA methylation and gene imprinting with endometriosis-associated infertility,so as to provide a theoretical basis for searching for a new treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility.

Objective To investigate the infection of human papillomavirus 16/18(HPV16/18) and these expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2,9(MMP2,9) and their inhibitor-1,2(TIMP-1,2) in human cervical carcinomas and the relationship among of them. Methods The infection of HPV16/18 DNA in 67 cases of cervical carcinoma(40 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,20 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix,7 cases of glandular and squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix),in 29 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and 16 cases of normal cervices was detected by hybridization in situ.MMP-2,9 and TIMP-1,2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining(SP) in these five groups. Results The infection rates of HPV16/18 in squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,glandular and squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,CIN and in normal cervical epithelium,were 67.50%(27/40),35.00%(7/20),5/7,68.97%(20/29),6.25%(1/16) respectively.There were significant differences among these cervical lesion groups and the normal cervical epithelium(P0.001).There was significant difference between the squamous-cell carcinoma group and the adenocarcinoma group(P0.001),but no significant difference was found between the squamous-cell carcinoma group and the CIN group.The positive rates of MMP-2,9 and TIMP-1,2 in normal cervical epithelium,CIN,squamous-cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,glandular and squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix increased gradually.There were significant differences between these cervical lesion groups and the control group.MMP-2 expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than that in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix(P0.001),but MMP-9 expression was lower in squamous cell carcinoma than that in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix(P=0.048).The positive rate of TIMP-1 was higher in CIN than that in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix(P=0.042),and no significant differences existed among these cervical lesion groups for TIMP-2.There were no relationships among the infection of HPV16/18 and expressions of MMP-2,9 or TIMP-1,2.The positive rates of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lesion tissues with lymph node metastasis were obviously higher than those without lymph node metastasis(P=0.017,0.002),but the positive rate of TIMP-2 was contrary to those of MMP-2 and MMP-9.There was no significantly difference between TIMP-1 expression in lesion tissues with lymph node metastasis and that without lymph node metastasis.No significant correlation could be established between the infection of HPV16/18 and the expression of MMP-2 or 9 or TIMP-1 or 2 or the tumor diameter or clinical stage or pathologic grade or pelvic node metastasis. Conclusion The infection of HPV16/18 may play a role in the progress of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.The overexpression of MMP-2,MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 possibly play a key role in invasion and lymph-node metastasis of the human cervical carcinoma.

临床毕业实习是医学教育过程中的重要组成部分,提高实习质量是培养高素质临床医生的关键之一。目前的实习教学存在一定的困难和问题,本文针对这些问题提出一些改进的思路和建议。