This study evaluated the safety of protein isolated from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed cake (SCOC) after three phase partitioning (TPP). Safety assessment was carried out through in vitro cytotoxicity testing using IEC-6 cells and a 28-day subchronic dietary feeding study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results of the cytotoxicity assay showed that SCOC protein at concentrations of 0–60 μg/mL had no significant impact on the viability of IEC-6 cells. In the sub-chronic feeding study, SD rats administered SCOC protein exhibited no obvious clinical signs of toxicity or adverse effects, as supported by clinical observations, body weight, food intake, behavioral parameters, hematological indices, serum biochemistry profiles, and post-mortem necropsy results. Collectively, these findings confirmed that TPP-extracted SCOC protein displayed no toxic or adverse properties, suggesting its safety and potential as a promising high-quality protein source for animal feed applications.

Cold stress has important effects on the growth and production of broiler chickens. Glutamine (Gln) is a conditionally essential amino acid that plays an important role in promoting intestinal development and enhancing immune function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Gln supplementation on the growth performance and health of cold-stressed prestarter broiler chicks. A total of 375 1-day-old male SZ901 broilers were randomly divided into five groups (CON, CS, GLN1, GLN2, GLN3). Birds in the CON and CS groups were provided with normal drinking water, while the GLN1, GLN2 and GLN3 groups were provided with water supplemented with 0.4

Climate change, characterized by rising global temperatures, has resulted in increased instances of heatwaves, posing significant public health threats. Among various health risks, heat-related illnesses are prevalent, exacerbated by environmental factors like high humidity and high-fat diet (HFD), which are known to impact metabolic functions in animals. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of heat and humidity stress on liver function markers and histological changes in rats fed a high fat diet, thereby enhancing our understanding of how environmental stressors impact liver health. A total of 180 albino rats (90 males and 90 females) were divided into 6 groups, with controlled environmental conditions, fed with their respective diets. Experimental rats were subjected to stress (4 h daily) in a temperature-humidity chamber for 30 days. Blood samples were collected at three intervals (each of 10 days) for biochemical analysis (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ALB, TP, and TB), and liver tissues were processed for histological examination. The study found significant alterations (P < 0.01) in liver enzyme levels, including elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT in HFD-fed rats under heat and humidity stress compared to RD groups. However, TP, ALB, and TB showed non-significant variations (P > 0.05). Histological analysis revealed structural damage in the liver, including inflammation and necrosis, particularly pronounced in male rats. Gender-specific responses were observed, with males generally exhibiting higher (P < 0.01) enzyme levels and liver injury compared to females. Heat stress led to disrupted hepatic cords and hepatocyte ballooning in RD-fed rats, while HFD-fed rats exhibited central vein disruptions with minimal ballooning. Humidity stress caused vacuolization in RD-fed rats and frequent central vein disruptions in HFD-fed rats. The findings suggest that a high-fat diet exacerbates liver damage under heat and humidity stress, emphasizing the need for dietary considerations in managing stress-induced liver injuries.

The effects of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have been investigated on human cells and various experimental animals. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of CuO-NPs specifically in Japanese quails. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the impact of a low and a high doses of CuO-NPs on the growth performance, DNA damage, and histological structures of the liver, kidney, and heart in Japanese quails. In this experiment 120 one-d-old Japanese quails, divided into three experimental groups (n = 40) as follows: Group 1 served as the control group and fed only basic feed, while Group 2 was fed with 6 mg/kg and group 3 received 18 mg/kg body weight CuO-NPs through oral gavage at weekly intervals until 35 days of age. Our findings revealed that, birds fed with 6 mg/kg body weight had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake and weight gain compared to the group receiving the higher dose (18 mg/kg body weight) during weeks 4 and 5 of the study. Both treatment groups indicated DNA damage and histopathological changes, but these effects were more severe in the higher dose group. These results suggested that the lower dose (6 mg/kg) may serve as a growth promoter, whereas the higher dose (18 mg/kg) is detrimental, leading to not only poor growth but also causing DNA damage and histopathological abnormalities in vital organs of the body.

Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs via oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (p < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (p < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (p < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.

The study investigated the effects of supplementing broiler diets with poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed meal (PSM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbiota, and blood profiles. A total of 250 unsexed 1 d old broilers were allocated to five distinct treatment groups. PSM was incorporated into the diets at varying levels: 0 % (PSM0), 5 % (PSM5), 10 % (PSM10), 15 % (PSM15), and 20 % (PSM20). The findings indicated that growth performance, including weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), was significantly improved (P<0.05) in the PSM20 group compared to the control. However, carcass weight experienced a notable decrease (P<0.05) in the PSM20 group. Regarding nutrient digestibility, PSM supplementation led to reduced crude protein digestibility. Nevertheless, apparent metabolizable energy and ash content were significantly enhanced (P<0.05) in the PSM15 and PSM20 groups. Notably, faecal microbiota also experienced substantial improvement (P<0.05) in the PSM20 group. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that incorporating poppy seed meal at a rate of 20 % in broiler diets enhances growth performance, improves nutrient digestibility, and positively influences faecal microbiota composition.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (p < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, Lactobacillus count was significantly (p < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.

The growing demand for poultry products has resulted in an increased reliance on antibiotic-free products. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions to ensure the continued productivity and effectiveness of poultry production. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the methanolic extract derived from onion and ginger against the In vitro and in vivo infection of E. coli in broiler chickens. A total of 540 one-day-old (Hubbard) broiler chickens were assigned to 6 treatments, and each treatment had 5 replicates. The treatments were designated as negative control/NC, non-infected and non-treated, positive control/PC, infected with E. coli, infected + antibiotic, onion and ginger methanolic extract (OGME) supplemented at the rate of 10 mg/kg (OGME10), 100 mg/kg (OGME100) and 1000 mg/kg (OGME1,000) of feed. Broiler chickens were reared in cages measuring 1.7 × 1.5 m and offered starter (1 to 21 d) and finisher (22 to 35 d) diets ad libitum with free access to water. Data such as feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield, and fecal E. coli were recorded.. The results indicated that mean feed intake was significantly greater in OGME100 and NC, while significantly lowest feed intake was recorded for PC. Weight gain of the treatment OGME100 and OGME1000 was significantly greater compared to PC. Similarly, the best FCR was recorded in OGME1000 compared to the PC treatment. Carcass yield was significantly greater for treatment OGME 100 and OGME 1000. Fecal E. coli was significantly lower in OGME1000 compared to PC. It was concluded that onion and ginger methanolic extract fed at the concentration of 1000 mg/kg was the most effective dose in maintaining the growth and carcass quality and reduction of fecal microbial load in broiler chickens infected with experimentally induced E. coli infection.

The Musca domestica is a serious hygienic pest of poultry, humans, and livestock facilities with the immense ability for resistance development against chemical insecticides.The current study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility and resistance status of M. domestica against different classes of insecticides.For this purpose, adult M. domestica populations were collected from five different localities of Sargodha division (Sargodha, Khushab, Jauharabad, Mianwali, and Bhakkar), Punjab, Pakistan, and tested against selected insecticides.The resistance ratios (RR) at LC 50 ranged from 10.32-35.37 folds for deltamethrin, 17.49-38.13folds for fipronil, and 10.70-18.81folds for chlorpyrifos.The RR values at LC 50 for imidacloprid and pyriproxyfen ranged from 4.35-28.0and 10.56-21.45folds, respectively.The study showed varying levels of resistance in M. domestica populations from area to area and from insecticide to insecticide.Therefore, to control resistance development in M. domestica from livestock facilities, inappropriate and excessive use of insecticides must be controlled through proper mechanisms and strategies.

Cold stress is a common environmental stress in broiler chicks. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a conserved cold shock protein that can regulate inflammatory response through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The mechanism that how CIRP involves in the regulation of cold stress in broilers remains unclear. In this study, 360 7-day-old healthy male SZ901 chicks were selected and randomly allocated to four groups, and then subjected to acute cold exposure at the ambient temperature of 12 ± 1 °C for 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h, respectively. After cold exposure, abdominall skin temperature, gene expression of CIRP–TLR4–IRE1 signaling pathway in ileum mucosa, and small intestinal structure were measured. The results showed that cold exposure decreased abdominall skin temperature, upregulated the gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers IRE1, inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in ileum of chicks compared with the control group with no (0 h) cold exposure. Compared with the control group, a long time cold exposure upregulated the gene expression of CIRP, TLR4, GRP78, NF-κB in ileum mucosa, and decreased the villus height and V/C of small intestine. The above results suggest that acute cold stress induces endoplasmic reticulum stress via upregulating the gene expression of CIRP–TLR4–IRE1 signaling pathway, and results in the structural damage of chick intestine.

Grape by-products represent outstanding alternatives to replace conventional and unsustainable feed sources, given the substantial quantities generated annually by the winery industry. Regrettably, the majority of these by-products are wasted, resulting in significant environmental and economic repercussions. This study was conducted to assess the growth performance, feed efficiency, egg production and quality, lipid peroxidation, fertility and hatchability of reproductive laying hens during their early production stage. A total of 720 golden laying hens, all approximately 25 weeks old and with similar body weights, were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (six replicates) as follows: control group receiving only the standard diet, (2) a group receiving the standard diet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 250 g/kg (GSE1), (3) a group receiving the standarddiet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 500 g/kg (GSE2), and (4) a group receiving the standarddiet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 750 g/kg (GSE3). There were no significant change (P > 0.05) in feed intak, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the control and the experimental groups. Egg weight, egg shell thickness and egg shell weight were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in GSE250 GSE500 and GSE750 compared to the control. The results showed that hen day egg production was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in GSE500 and GSE 750 compared to the control. Fertility level of GSE 500 and GSE750 was significantly (P < 0.5) higher compared to the control. The MDA level decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the GSE supplemented birds compared to the control. From these findings, we concluded that GSE 750 had positive impact on egg production, reducing lipid peroxidation and improving fertility in golden laying hens.

The present study was designed for biomonitoring of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) at three selected wildlife parks of Punjab. Soil, water and feed samples analysis revealed the high heavy metals contents in feed (21.59 & PLUSMN; 27.39 and 12.67 & PLUSMN; 23.13) followed by soil (11.80 & PLUSMN; 25.84 and 4.96 & PLUSMN; 10.95) and water (2.93 & PLUSMN; 4.48 and 1.11 & PLUSMN; 1.23) samples at Jallo Wildlife Park and Wildlife Park Bahawalnagar, respectively. At Wildlife Park Murree, heavy metals contamination was recorded highest in feed (10.45 & PLUSMN; 16.35), followed by water (6.26 & PLUSMN; 11.35) and soil samples (5.75 & PLUSMN; 9.54). Feathers samples at all sites showed the highest levels of heavy metals concentrations as 12.21 & PLUSMN; 25.69 at Jallo Wildlife Park, 11.50 & PLUSMN; 25.63 at Wildlife Park Bahawalnagar and 3.35 & PLUSMN; 4.81 at Wildlife Park Murree. Interspecific variation of heavy metals among samples and sites was recorded at P < 0.01, and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the feathers of captive birds was found in high concentration, making them a good indicator of biomonitoring. In captivity, the birds feeding on homogenous diets and particular environmental conditions can better allow us to understand the bioaccumulation of polymetallic contamination, which can further be generalized to predict the risk of these toxic pollutants on public health.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol（DON）and T-2 toxin on intestinal barrier function,endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response of laying hens under heat stress. Ninety-six 36-week-old Jinghong No.1 laying hens with similar body weight were randomly divided into4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 3 hens per replicate. Broilers in the control group（CON group）were fed a basal diet,and others in DON group,T-2 group and DON+T-2 group were fed basal diets supplemented with 3.00 mg/kg DON,0.50 mg/kg T-2 toxin and 1.50 mg/kg DON+0.25 mg/kg T-2 toxin,respectively.The pretrial period lasted for 3 days,and the trial period lasted for 28 days. The average daytime temperature and humidity index was 84.87. The results showed as follows:1)compared with CON group,the duodenal and jejunal crypt depth in T-2 group was significantly increased（P＜0.05）,the jejunal crypt depth in DON+T-2 group was significantly increased（P ＜ 0. 05）,the duodenal villus height/crypt depth（V/C）value in DON,T-2 and DON+T-2 groups was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）,the jejunal V/C value in T-2 and DON+T-2 groups was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）,and the ileal crypt depth in DON group was significantly increased（P＜0.05）. 2)Compared with CON group,the serum lipopolysaccharide（LPS）content in DON,T-2 and DON + T-2 groups was significantly increased（P ＜ 0. 05）,and the serum diamine oxidase（DAO）content in DON+T-2 group was significantly increased（P＜0.05）. 3)Compared with CON group,the ileum mucosal interleukin-6（IL-6）content in DON,T-2 and DON+T-2 groups was significantly increased（P＜0.05）. 4)Compared with CON group,the ileum mucosal Occludin mRNA relative expression levels in T-2 and DON+T-2 groups was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）. 5)Compared with CON group,the mRNA relative expression levels of glucose regulatory protein 78（GRP78）and X-box binding protein 1（XBP1）in ileum mucosa in DON+T-2 group were significantly increased（P＜0.05）,and the ileum mucosal activated transcription factor 4（ATF4）mRNA relative expression level in DON group was significantly increased（P＜0.05）. In conclusion,under the condition of summer heat stress,dietary supplementation of 3.00 mg/kg DON and 0.50 mg/kg T-2 can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in small intestine tissues of laying hens,and damage mucosal morphology and barrier function,and the two have detailed cumulative effects.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35（4）:2296-2305]

本试验旨在研究复合吸附剂(CA)联合谷氨酰胺(Gln)对夏季饲喂脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)和T-2毒素蛋鸡生产性能、免疫功能、内质网应激和炎症反应的影响.选择72周龄京红1号蛋鸡96只,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复3只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,DON+T-2组在基础饲粮中添加1.50 mg/kg DON+0.25 mg/kg T-2毒素,CA组在基础饲粮中添加1.50 mg/kg DON+0.25 mg/kg T-2毒素+0.50 g/kg复合吸附剂,CA+Gln组在基础饲粮中添加1.50 mg/kg DON+0.25 mg/kg T-2 毒素+0.50 g/kg 复合吸附剂+4.00 g/kg Gln.预试期 3 d,正试期28 d.试验期每天09:00、14:00、19:00的平均温湿指数分别为83.43、88.08、86.70.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,DON+T-2组的平均日采食量和产蛋率显著或极显著下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),料蛋比显著升高(P＜0.05).与DON+T-2组相比,CA组和CA+Gln组的产蛋率极显著升高(P＜0.01),CA+Gln组的料蛋比显著下降(P＜0.05).2)与对照组相比,DON+T-2组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量和回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).与DON+T-2组相比,CA组和CA+Gln组的血清IgA含量极显著升高(P＜0.01),CA+Gln组的回肠sIgA含量显著升高(P＜0.05).3)与对照组相比,DON+T-2组的回肠黏膜白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量极显著升高(P＜0.01),白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量极显著降低(P＜0.01).与DON+T-2组相比,CA组和CA+Gln组的回肠黏膜IL-1β含量极显著降低(P＜0.01),IL-10含量极显著升高(P＜0.01).4)与对照组相比,DON+T-2组的回肠黏膜蛋白激酶受体样内质网激酶(PERK)、活化转录因子4(ATF4)mRNA相对表达量极显著升高(P＜0.01).与DON+T-2组相比,CA组和CA+Gln组的回肠黏膜葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、肌醇需求酶1(IRE1)、PERK、ATF4、X盒结合蛋白1(XBP1)mRNA相对表达量极显著降低(P＜0.01).与CA组相比,CA+Gln组的回肠黏膜IRE1、PERK mRNA相对表达量极显著降低(P＜0.01).由此可见,复合吸附剂与Gln联合可以有效缓解DON与T-2毒素暴露对夏季蛋鸡生产性能、免疫机能、内质网应激和炎症反应带来的负面影响,两者联合可以作为一种有效脱毒剂添加到蛋鸡饲粮中.

Current study was carried out to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with maggot meal in broilers ration (Ross-308, n = 200) for 1-28 days. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenic broiler rations were prepared comprising of control diet-1 (Mag-0) having 100 % soybean meal and 0 % maggot meal, Diet-2 (Mag-70) having 30 % soy bean meal and 70 % maggot meal, Diet-3 (Mag-80) having 20 % soybean meal and 80 % maggot meal, Diet-4 (Mag-90) 10 % soybean meal and 90 % maggot meal and Diet-5 (Mag-100) containing 0 % soybean meal and 100 % maggot meal. The results showed that weekly as well as overall body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found similar (P>0.05) for all the chicks fed with different replacement diets. Protein efficiency ratio, dressing percentage, apparent metabolizable energy and antibody titer observed showed no significant (P>0.05) differences at the end of the experiment among the different substituted and control groups. Similarly, no significant (p>0.05) effect was observed on the digestibility of amino acids for different replacement diets of soybean meal with maggot meal. Statistically similar effects were also observed for organoleptic study, intestinal morphometry, hematological and serum parameters. It was concluded from the current study that up to 100 % soybean meal can be substituted with maggot meal in poultry ration without any adverse effects on the health and performance parameters of the broiler chicks.

为研究呕吐毒素(DON)和T-2毒素对热应激蛋鸡产蛋性能、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响,试验选择96只36周龄健康京红1号蛋鸡随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复3只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,DON组、T-2组和DON+T-2组分别在基础日粮中添加3 mg/kg DON、0.5 mg/kgT-2和1.5 mg/kg DON+0.25 mg/kgT-2.预试期3d,正试期4周.于试验结束采集蛋鸡血清、十二指肠、空肠、回肠用于抗氧化及免疫指标检测.结果显示:①与对照组相比,DON+T-2组36～37、38～39、36～39周龄蛋鸡平均日采食量显著降低(P＜0.05),38～39周龄、36～39周龄蛋鸡平均蛋重显著降低(P＜0.05).②与对照组相比,DON组十二指肠丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P＜0.05);DON+T-2组十二指肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著下降(P＜0.05);DON组和DON+T-2组十二指肠总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著下降(P＜0.05);T-2组和DON+T-2组十二指肠、空肠丙二醛含量显著升高(P＜0.05);DON+T-2组回肠超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著下降(P＜0.05).③与对照组相比,T-2组血清IgG含量显著降低(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,DON组、T-2组、DON+T-2组回肠sIgA含量均显著降低(P＜0.05).综上所述,饲粮添加3 mg/kg DON和0.5 mg/kg T-2毒素对热应激条件下36～39周龄产蛋鸡的产蛋性能、肠道抗氧化及免疫功能产生明显的负面影响,且两者存在一定的累加效应.

Teleost fishes, which are the largest and most diverse group of living vertebrates, have a rich history of ancient and recent polyploidy. Previous studies of allotetraploid common carp and goldfish (cyprinids) reported a dominant subgenome, which is more expressed and exhibits biased gene retention. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to observed ‘subgenome dominance’ remains poorly understood. Here we report high-quality genomes of twenty-one cyprinids to investigate the origin and subsequent subgenome evolution patterns following three independent allopolyploidy events. We identify the closest extant relatives of the diploid progenitor species, investigate genetic and epigenetic differences among subgenomes, and conclude that observed subgenome dominance patterns are likely due to a combination of maternal dominance and transposable element densities in each polyploid. These findings provide an important foundation to understanding subgenome dominance patterns observed in teleost fishes, and ultimately the role of polyploidy in contributing to evolutionary innovations.

饲料工艺与设备是农林高校畜牧类专业重要的专业课程,有利于提升学生专业素质和综合竞争能力.综述该课程教学中存在的问题、教学内容优化、教学手段与方法改革,以期为该门课程的本科教学提供参考依据.

饲料工艺与设备是农林高校畜牧类专业重要的专业课程,有利于提升学生专业素质和综合竞争能力。综述该课程教学中存在的问题、教学内容优化、教学手段与方法改革,以期为该门课程的本科教学提供参考依据。

Little is known how L-arginine (Arg) affects the ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs) redox status induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study aimed to examine the impact of Arg on IOECs subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative damage, intestinal barrier injury, and inflammatory response. The IOECs were incubated for 16 h then classified as four groups (n = 6/group) and cultured in corresponding media including (1) control (CON) group, in which IOECs were cultured in Arg-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s F12 Ham medium (DMEM) containing 100 μM Arg; (2) Arg group, in which IOECs were cultured in Arg-free DMEM containing 350 μM Arg; (3) H2O2 group, in which IOECs were cultured in CON group plus 150 μM H2O2; (4) Arg + H2O2 group, in which IOECs were cultured in Arg group plus150 μM H2O2. After culturing for 24 h in media, some characteristics of cells in the four groups were measured. Arg administration decreased the H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared with the H2O2 group (p < .05). Compared with H2O2, adding Arg to H2O2 increased (p < .05) transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), but decreased (p < .05) tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) within the IOECs. Compared with H2O2, adding Arg to H2O2-induced injured IOECs increased (p < .05) glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and epithelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) protein levels, and decreased (p < .05) TNF-α levels within cells. Arg inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative damage, intestinal barrier injury, and inflammatory response by NO pathway within IOECs.HIGHLIGHTSArg inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative damage of IOECs.Arg inhibits H2O2-induced barrier injury of IOECs.Arg inhibits H2O2-induced inflammatory of IOECs.Arg modulates the antioxidant activity by a NO pathway in IOECs.