Purpose Commercial property development builds floor space in anticipation of potential, but unknown, future demand, making it particularly prone to risk and uncertainty. The research explores the degree to which property developer decision-making is objective and rational and the degree to which it relies on behavioural instincts and intuition. Decision-making theory, including heuristics, is considered and its prevalence in the field of commercial property development is examined. Design/methodology/approach A “dual-processing” decision-making model, comprising intuitive System 1 and objective System 2 processing, is proposed and tested. Inductive research using template analysis of interviews, with “high status” commercial property developers, explored whether the model offers an accurate representation of developers' behaviour and effective lens through which to examine decisions made under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Findings Participants believed they adopted objective and rational approaches to complex commercial property development decisions. Analysis of interviews reveals that System 1 heuristics and intuition play significant roles in decision-making behaviour, leading to potential bias and systematic error. The research concludes that the dual-processing model provides a useful lens through which to better understand the decision-making approach adopted by commercial property developers. Originality/value The research represents the rare application of behavioural theory to the realm of commercial property development and provides new and original insight as to how important investment decisions are made under conditions of risk and uncertainty, with implications for professional practice.

This paper seeks to investigate the timing of land value uplift associated with an extension to an existing light rail transport system. It seeks to understand the amount of land value increase on residential properties at different stages of the infrastructure delivery process of the Tyne and Wear Metro (TWM) system in the North East of England. This is to shed light on the potential use of land value capture methods for subsequent extensions. Whilst there has been substantial international research into transport related land value capture methods, this tends to take place in atypical capital cities with buoyant land markets and/or entire transport systems. This is reflected in England, where research is less frequent in major conurbations outside of Central London, which are more typical of urban areas in this country. In response, the intention is to shed new light on this situation by updating historical research into the impact of the TWM. Its primary focus is the longitudinal performance of the 2002 Sunderland Metro Extension (SME). This historical appraisal of impact is significant because it is important to understand when and how much uplift is generated. This in turn helps to evidence any justifications for subsequent extensions and funding via Land Value Capture. This study uses a novel time based analysis to quantify differences in property prices before, immediately after and fifteen years after the Sunderland Metro Extension (SME) was constructed. The original results show that property values increased immediately after the extension becomes operational, though no significant results were found 15 years later.

In this article, we present the rationale, development and preliminary evaluation of a novel set of materials to encourage and improve the consideration of users and their needs during the process of architectural design. Our focus is specifically on two areas: user-centred design principles and spatial cognition research. To this end, we developed two decks of flash-cards, termed the Architectural Strategies Cards (72 cards) and the Spatial Cognition Cards (111 cards). We conducted preliminary evaluations of the cards in the design studio and in design thinking workshops with multidisciplinary groups of students and with architectural practitioners. Our results suggest that the cards improve designers' immersion into the perspective of building-users in a playful way and introduce scientific concepts effectively. In conclusion, we argue that serious-games and card-based methods should be part of the multiple approaches necessary to encourage and improve user-centred thinking, and integrate research findings into evidence-based design at large.

The research tests a proposition that a more diverse range of new build housing improves absorption rates. Land registry house sales for four Planning Authorities in Leeds City region in the UK, over an 11-year period, were used to calculate Brillouin's Index of diversity and perform Pearson and ANOVA tests to determine strength and significance of the correlation between absorption rates and diversity by type, size and tenure of new housing. The significant findings are that residential developments with higher diversity have lower absorption rates, conversely, developments with lower diversity have higher absorption rates and smaller sites are built-out faster.

Burnout is a multidimensional syndrome that occurs primarily in professions where practitioners are subjected to stress associated with direct interpersonal contact with clients. Previous research indicates that working as a real estate broker is a particularly stressful form of work. Considering the potentially harmful effect of burnout on real estate brokers, resulting in a range of negative impacts, it is important to identify those factors emanating from either the individual or their work environment that contribute to this syndrome. The paper presents a study that used a questionnaire survey to determine the individual demographics, work and intrapersonal characteristics that affect burnout in real estate brokers. A sample of 305 real estate brokers was obtained in Western Australia. Hierarchical regression was then employed to identify predictors of burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal accomplishment) and sense of coherence (SOC). The analysis revealed the following: emotional exhaustion was associated with lower age, higher numbers of hours worked, and lower SOC; higher depersonalisation was associated with lower age and SOC; higher personal accomplishment was associated with a greater number of visits to clients per week, the presence of postgraduate qualification and a high SOC. The results provide insight to guide health promotion for real estate brokers so as to enhance their psychological and physical well-being, thus making a contribution to improving their overall performance levels and effectiveness. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate development competitions in England in order to uncover any shortcomings and point to improvements. A “development competition” is a sale by tender of publicly‐owned land with development potential where bidders also submit designs.Design/methodology/approachFirst, an interview survey of local authorities in north‐east England; second an interview survey with developers in north‐east England; third a questionnaire survey of local authority estates officers and fourth an interview survey with London based property consultants.FindingsDespite their theoretical attractions, some competitions have problems. Conflict exists between professions and agencies. Development competitions encounter difficulties between developer appointment and construction which may lead to delay or the developer pulling out.Research limitations/implicationsThe data collected are biased in favour of the financial/property perspective. Further research is therefore still required.Practical implicationsDespite its practical significance, no literature exists on this specific topic. The results reveal delays, disputes and sub‐optimal use of resources. Further research is needed leading to new official guidance covering all aspects of this process.Originality/valueLarge numbers of competitions are held in the UK each year. The disposal of sites in this way has become more significant due to the concentration of activity on brown‐field land. In future, the need to assemble urban land using compulsory purchase powers is likely to make competitions more frequent. These results, which highlight best practice, will be of interest to all professional people involved.

Risk is an ever-present aspect of business, and risk taking is necessary for financial success and economic progress. To be successful, a business must consciously manage risk, accepting appropriate and well-judged risks and rejecting others. Rational decision makers should identify the sources of potential risks, classify their potential impacts, analyse the consequences of an impact and its probability of occurrence and apply their erisk attitude. Speculative property development is popularly perceived as a erisky businessi yet, like other entrepreneurs, a developer has opportunities to manage the risks it chooses to carry. These include pre-letting, phasing and joint- ventures. This paper reports the results of a survey of UK office development projects. The survey was carried out by a postal questionnaire of developers responsible for 200 office development projects across the UK. Respondents were asked about their perceptions of risk before and during their projects and the risk management techniques they had adopted. In depth interviews with office developers were then used to discuss the survey results and uncover the underlying processes.

In a patient with myelofibrosis, tense ascites refractory to conventional therapy resulted from extensive seeding of the peritoneum with colonies of extramedullary haematopoiesis. Whole abdominal radiation was found to be effective and well tolerated, and brought about prompt and lasting resorption of the exudate, with weight reduction and improvement in performance status from 50% to 90% on the Karnofsky rating.

New BlackfriarsVolume 69, Issue 814 p. 102-103 Civil disobedience—or shall we call it the gospel? RICHARD FINN OP, RICHARD FINN OPSearch for more papers by this authorGILBERT MÄRKUS OP, GILBERT MÄRKUS OPSearch for more papers by this authorIAIN MORTIMER OP, IAIN MORTIMER OPSearch for more papers by this authorSIMON ROBSON OP, SIMON ROBSON OPSearch for more papers by this author RICHARD FINN OP, RICHARD FINN OPSearch for more papers by this authorGILBERT MÄRKUS OP, GILBERT MÄRKUS OPSearch for more papers by this authorIAIN MORTIMER OP, IAIN MORTIMER OPSearch for more papers by this authorSIMON ROBSON OP, SIMON ROBSON OPSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1988 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1988.tb01313.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume69, Issue814March 1988Pages 102-103 RelatedInformation

New BlackfriarsVolume 68, Issue 811 p. 572-575 ‘Be of good cheer: I have overcome the world.’ Simon Robson OP, Simon Robson OPSearch for more papers by this author Simon Robson OP, Simon Robson OPSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1987.tb01297.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume68, Issue811December 1987Pages 572-575 RelatedInformation

A geological and physiographical interpretation of nearly 60,000 km2 of the continental margin of SE Africa (21°20′E to 31°E) has been made using GLORIA sonographs and seismic and bathymetric records. These data have enhanced our understanding of the structural complexity of basement and sedimentary features, in particular the marginal fracture ridge (MFR), which forms part of the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). Most of the 500 km long exposed section can be traced in the sonographs, and it is concluded that the MFR is not a single lineament, but consists of two en-echelon basement ridges that overlap by approximately 20 km in the vicinity of the Scrutton Ridge (23.5°E). The latter is an enigmatic basement sliver that may be a narrow upthrust block.

tion.5 The adrenal venous plexuses usually form a main adrenal vein, which enters the inferior vena cava on the right and renal vein on the left, allowing selective catheterisation for phlebography and venous sampling, techniques which have proved useful for tumour confirmation and localisation. Accidental adrenal infarction is a complication of phlebography and deliberate adrenal venous infarction to ablate adrenal function was first described by Lecky and Plotkin, who used it as a palliative measure for advanced metastatic carcinoma of the breast.2 Rosenstock et al successfully employed the technique to control Cushing's syndrome as a temporising measure before definitive surgery.3 The present case, in which adrenal infarction was used to control hyperaldosteronism, illustrates an important difference in technique from other reports. Instead of producing generalised intra-adrenal venous disruption and haemorrhage by a wedged catheter injection, a sclerosant fluid (absolute alcohol) was injected selectively into the tumour veins through a fine catheter. The procedure caused only minimal discomfort and has a potentially lower morbidity than previous techniques. This technique provides a new approach to the management of patients with Conn's syndrome. It should be of particular value in the poor risk surgical patient who suffers side effects of drug treatment.