ObjectivesNutrition, lifestyle factors, and awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk are vital tools for preventing or delaying its development and progression in Black American (BA) males. Few published studies assess awareness of CKD risk in BA male college students despite being at high risk. This study aimed to 1) assess the awareness of CKD risk among BA male college students and 2) identify dietary and lifestyle habits related to CKD risk.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional online survey utilizing a network sampling technique. Inclusion criteria were self-identification as a Black American male and current enrollment in a university. Participants were recruited through publicly available social media sites and emails. The online questionnaire contained demographic, health status, and food security items. Pearson’s correlations explored associations between continuous variables; independent samples t-tests compared mean scores of responses between perceived risk of disease groups.ResultsSixty-seven participants completed the survey. Only 22.4% perceived they were at increased risk for kidney disease, while 49.3% felt at increased risk for developing hypertension (HTN). More respondents (32.8%) also felt at increased risk for developing diabetes than kidney disease. Dietary sodium restriction was reported by 34.3%, while only 14.9% had been advised to do so by a healthcare provider. Half of the respondents were deemed food insecure, and 17.86% were categorized as experiencing very low food security.ConclusionAwareness of CKD risk is low for BA male college students and lags behind awareness of HTN and diabetes risk. There may be a lack of knowledge regarding CKD as a long-term complication of HTN and diabetes. Dietary sodium restriction is marginal, and food security is a significant challenge in this high-risk group. Educational initiatives are needed to increase awareness of CKD risk among BA male college students.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence and characteristics of food insecurity among female collegiate athletes. PARTICIPANTS:NCAA Division I female athletes attending a public university located in East Texas in 2018. METHODS:A prospective cross-sectional online survey was employed to gather quantitative and qualitative data regarding food security status. Participants were instructed to complete the 26-item questionnaire, including the six-item USFSSM. RESULTS:Participants (N = 78) were 18-22 years of age, largely white (75%). Despite most (89.74%) receiving some form of scholarship and 80% reporting provision of some meals, 32.10% were classified as food insecure. Barriers to food intake were two-fold higher among the food insecure (88% vs 43%, p < .001); limited time (43.6%) and finances (23.1%) were the most frequently reported barriers. CONCLUSIONS:Despite university support, food insecurity exists in female collegiate athletes. Outcomes warrant screening for food insecurity, referral to support resources throughout matriculation, and tailored intervention programs.

Introduction: The collegiate environment may exacerbate body image issues and eating disorders (EDs) among dancers. This study seeks to evaluate the complex relationships between body image perceptions, risk of EDs, and nutrition knowledge among collegiate dancers. Methods: A convenience sample of collegiate dancers was recruited via announcements, flyers, and email to complete the Body Image Assessment Scale-Body Dimensions (BIAS-BD), anthropometrics, and an electronic survey evaluating ED risk (Eating Attitudes Test; EAT-26), nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits. Body distortion (perceived vs actual size) and dissatisfaction (perceived vs ideal size) were measured. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and t-tests for group and gender-specific data. Results: Thirty-eight collegiate dancers (82% female, 79% with a healthy BMI) participated in the body image assessment. Females (n = 31) exhibited body distortion (P = .006) with a mean BMI = 22.05, mean perceived BMI = 23.27, and a mean ideal BMI = 21.78. Body dissatisfaction was identified but not statistically significant. Males' perceptions of females' ideal BMI = 25.16 were significantly higher than the females' own perceptions (BMI = 21.78, P = .033). No significant body distortion or dissatisfaction was observed among males (n = 7). Female perceptions of the ideal male BMI = 23.96 aligned closely with males' self-views. On the EAT-26, females (n = 28) average score was 11.82, indicating higher risk than males (n = 4), whose average score was 7.75. High ED risk was identified in 18.75% of participants (EAT-26 scores ≥ 20). Nutrition knowledge was limited, with <50% correct responses. The majority sought dietary advice from peers (65.7%) or friends (57.1%), with 37.1% following restrictive diets (eg, vegan, pescatarian, lactose-free). Conclusion: Collegiate female dancers demonstrated body distortion and ED risk despite maintaining a healthy BMI. The limited nutrition knowledge, reliance on non-expert nutrition advice, and tendency towards restrictive eating patterns observed with increased ED risk is worrisome. Thereby necessitating educational interventions focused on nutrition and body image to maintain the dancers' health.

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to assess the impact of a high-fidelity simulation interprofessional education (IPE) activity at a large, historically Black university (HBU) on perceptions of IPE.PARTICIPANTS:Student participants represented various allied health care professions; the majority were female and enrolled in the pharmacy professional program. Health administration, nutrition and dietetics, nursing, respiratory therapy, and clinical lab science programs were also represented.METHODS:Participants were randomly assigned to IPE teams of 6-7 individuals. The 1-day activity transpired at a high-fidelity simulation facility and included a pre-briefing, simulated scenario with high-fidelity mannequins, and a faculty-guided video-assisted debriefing session. The patient scenario was designed by subject area faculty experts and featured an adult patient on hemodialysis. Participants completed pre and post-activity questionnaires that included the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised (SPICE-R) instrument.RESULTS:Participants completed pre (n=107) and post-activity (n=81) questionnaires. There was a significant increase from the pre-event (M=3.90, SD 0.91) and post-event score (M=4.22, SD 0.84) for the SPICE-R item regarding understanding "the roles of other professionals within the interdisciplinary team"; t(186)= -2.471, p=0.01. The SPICE-R item score for "health professionals should collaborate in teams" also significantly increased from the pre-event (M=4.28, SD 0.80) to the post-event (M=4.53, SD 0.73); t(186)= -2.209, p=0.03.CONCLUSIONS:Participation in a 1-day high-fidelity simulation-based IPE activity at a HBU has the potential to positively change students' perceptions of IPE. Future studies should consider the impact of IPE on perceptions of diversity.

Assess Vitamin A (VitA)/carotenoid status of university students and describe associations with diet quality measures and BMI.

To explore the impact of background music on meal consumption of residents in a mental health facility. Meal intake of those with mental illness and dementia can vary. COVID-19 heightened social isolation in facilities. This study's purpose was to compare the meal intake of mental health facility residents during mealtimes with and without background music. A pre-test, post-test design was used to compare intake percentages of meals by mental health facility residents. Points were assigned for analysis: 0-25% (1 point), 26-50% (2 points), 51-75% (3 points) and 76-100% (4 points). Data was collected for eight lunches; the first two provided baseline data; no data collected for meals three and four; background music was introduced during meal five and continued through meal eight; intake data was collected during meals seven and eight. Meals were recorded (N=171) from five facility units. Age was significantly, negatively correlated with baseline meals and background music meals, r=-0.210, p=0.006 (M=3.053, SD=0.10 ) and r=-0.168, p=0.028 (M=3.243, SD=0.97), respectively. As age increased, intake decreased. Intake improved for 40.94% (n=70), 34.5% (n=59) remained the same, and decreased for 24.56% (n=42). Two-tailed, paired samples t-tests compared baseline to meals with background music; a significant increase (t (170)=2.354, p=0.010) was found for background music meals. No significance was found between male and female residents. Background music during meal service enhanced consumption of 41% of mental health residents, especially those with schizophrenia, schizophrenia affective disorder, and dementia. Further research is warranted to explore reasons for those with decreasing intake.

Describe the accuracy of commonly used predictive energy equations for estimating resting energy expenditure among individuals diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) derived from predictive energy equations (PEE) to REE measured by a handheld indirect calorimetric devices (HICD) for identification of the PEE that best predicts REE in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Weight loss is the recommended frontline treatment for OSA. OSA is associated with metabolic derangements including increased REE. Thus, determining REE is important for developing approaches to weight loss as it is the largest, most stable component of total energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry is the "gold-standard" for measuring REE, but not practical in most clinical settings. PEEs and HICDs are alternative methods for determining REE. More information is needed on the accuracy of PEES in OSA. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected for overweight and obese individuals with OSA referred to a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) for weight management. REE was estimated by the Mifflin St. Joer (MSJE), Harris Benedict Equation (HBE), the Owen Equation (OE) and compared to the REE measured by the MedGem™ using Bland-Altman Plots with a ±10% band of acceptable agreement. The MSJE was the most accurate with 54.4% of values within the band of acceptable agreement. The OE and HBE produced 43.8% and 41.3% of values within the band of acceptable agreement, respectively. When unable to use indirect calorimetry, the MSJE should be considered for determining REE among individuals with OSA. The results of this study are limited due to the retrospective nature of the study.

Because FCS agents teach communities about dietary guidelines, it is important that they are aware of the latest nutrition research. This study assessed FCS agents' knowledge of popular fad diets (low-carbohydrate, intermittent fasting, detoxes and cleanses) and their potential adverse effects, and its relationship among location, certifications, years of experience, professional association memberships, and education. Agents in Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi were emailed a survey. RDN, DTR, and CHES certifications had significant associations (p = 0.03) with knowledge of adverse effects of fad diets. Agents who hold these credentials may have more knowledge about adverse effects of fad diets.

Breastfeeding is the optimal source of infant nutrition, yet the motherModified Letter Turned Commas decision to breastfeed is complex and influenced by factors including social support and breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes. This study employed a two-group pretest-posttest design to examine whether brief, online video presentations (<2.5 minutes in length) could improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitude among males and compare the outcomes between a knowledge-based and attitude-based intervention. Collegiate male participants (N = 213, 18-40 years of age) demonstrated high breastfeeding exposure (90.1% had friends/family breastfeed) and positive attitudes (89.2% accepted women could breastfeed and work outside home) yet knowledge deficits concerning breastfeeding health benefits were identified. Breastfeeding exposure was positively associated with baseline attitude (r(212)=.186, p = .006 and knowledge (r(212)=.229, p = .001. Both intervention groups reported similar gains in attitude scores; only the knowledge-based intervention reported significant gains in knowledge (M = 1.5, SD = 2.63 vs M = -.07, SD = 1.44, (t = -5.496, df = 211, p < .05). Brief online video presentations may constitute an additional exposure to or nudging toward breastfeeding, and breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes can be positively influenced in young adult males with similar interventions that are affordable and require a minimal time commitment.

To highlight the importance of calcium consumption among young adults and the impact inadequate calcium intake can have on bone health during the critical years of developing peak bone mass. Dairy product consumption has declined with increasing intake of plant-based substitutes. Osteoporosis and bone fracture risk are prominent public health concerns, yet few studies have studied the relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among total calcium, dairy and non-dairy calcium consumption, and bone mineral density in college students. A convenience sample of undergraduate nutrition students at Louisiana Tech University were recruited. Data collection included demographics, a 24-hour recall, a modified food frequency calcium score, and an ultrasound bone mineral density test. Participants’ age ranged from 17 to 48 years (N=66), were mostly female (77%), and white (74%). Non-dairy calcium intake of whites (M=349.25, SD=274.32) was higher than non-whites (M=208.99, SD=168.60), t(40.05)= 2.33, p <.05. There was a difference in dairy calcium intake between those who did not meet the RDA (M=293.43, S=249.36) and those who did (M=940.98, SD=618.89) t(15.54)=-3.95, p <.01, and a difference between males (M=.00, SD=.00) and females (M=.62, SD=1.21) for bone density z-scores, t(37)= -3.17, p<.01. There was a difference between males (M=126.27, SD=22.44) and females (M=110.21, SD=21.55), t(60)=2.49, p <02 and between whites (M=109.60, SD=20.67) and non-whites (M=129.27, SD =22.86) in stiffness index scores t(58) -3.11=, p <.01. This study indicates that college students who did not consume dairy calcium, did not meet the RDA for calcium as the deficit was not met by non-dairy sources. It remains important to advocate for dairy sources of calcium and to address inadequate intake of plant-based sources of calcium.

Background: Food insecurity, the limited or uncertain availability of food, is reported in college students, but little is known about its prevalence in nursing students. Nursing students have extensive required clinical hours limiting their ability to work and spend money on academic and living expenses before spending on food. Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of food insecurity and characterize its relationship to social support and firstgeneration status among nursing students at a public university. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study design was used to assess food security and social support in full-time nursing students (n=55). Results: The prevalence of food insecurity reported by the survey respondents was 60%. Statistically significant correlations between food security and social support scores were found; as food security worsened, so did social support. Food-insecure students had lower grade point averages, and first-generation students (p=.001) reported food insecurity more frequently than did other participants. Conclusions: Findings support that food insecurity is negatively associated with academic performance, and level of social support may impact food insecurity in nursing students. Nursing programs should consider early assessments of cohorts to increase the potential for early intervention with food-insecure students. Collaboration with university-based food pantries and student engagement in hunger initiatives through the Student Nurses Association can support early interventions.

Describe steps DPD Directors can do to engage diverse students in the DI application process. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDN) are expected to service a diverse population but the profession does not reflect diversity. Barriers to diversification may include influences around the dietetic internship (DI) application and selection. The purpose was to examine preparation for the DI application, match rate, and influential persons among DI applicants. Researcher-developed online survey of DI applicants recruited through DPD and DI directors. Chi square, t-tests, and ANOVA were used for comparisons among the variables. Participants (N=541) were mostly white (83%), female (96%), and 20-24 years old (59%). The majority (68%) were introduced to the DI application as juniors or later; most felt this should occur earlier (75%). Hispanic participants were 2x as likely to begin the process <3 months before the due date. Most matched (96%), during the first round (84%), and to their first choice (66%). Females were more likely to match, χ2(2, N = 541) = 10.34, p=0.01. Hispanics were >3x as likely to not match. Applicants were not influenced by others (1=no influence to 5=heavily influence). Of influential persons, DPD directors rated highest (M= 2.65 +1.65). Influence of “friends applying to DIs” was different between females (M=1.67, SD=1.12) and males (M=1.30, SD=0.77), t(26.35) =-2.21, p=0.04; and “friends already in an internship” (females M=2.02 SD=1.32, males M=1.38 SD=0.92), t(27.58) = -3.27,p <0.01. Dietetic students may benefit from earlier exposure to the DI application process. DPD directors should consider strategies to engage diverse students earlier in the process to improve applications and increase selection.

BACKGROUND Interprofessional education (IPE) aims to prepare future nurses for collaboration with healthcare professionals. Army style lane training may be an effective pedagogical technique for delivering emergency care and mass casualty training while incorporating IPE. PURPOSE This study sought to determine attitudes toward IPE and teamwork in pre-licensure, undergraduate nursing students following a lane training simulation. METHOD Pre- and postsimulation surveys containing sociodemographic, reflection, and KidSIM Attitude Toward Teamwork in Training Undergoing Designed Educational Simulation (KidSIM) items (Sigalet et al., 2012) were conducted. RESULTS The KidSIM tool was deemed reliable (α = .98). Paired sample t tests resulted in significant increases for the KiDSIM and its subscales, with the exception of communication. However, communication, along with situation assessment and teamwork were reported to be most enhanced by students. CONCLUSION Results support using the Army lane training model in an IPE environment for teaching emergency care, triage, and mass casualty procedures.

Food insecurity is a public health concern in the US. Collegiate student-athletes may be at increased risk due to the nutritional and physical demands of performance and, limited time for employment and food preparation/intake. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of food insecurity and its characteristics among The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes. A cross-sectional analysis of student-athletes attending a public university in rural East Texas in 2018 was conducted. A 26-item questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and the six-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM), adapted to reflect the prior six months while training, was administered electronically to NCAA student-athletes. Each affirmative response to the US-HFSSM was given a score of "1" and summed to create a raw score ranging from 0–6. Participants with a score of 0–1 were considered food secure; those with a score of 2–4 (low food secure) or 5–6 (very low food secure) were considered food insecure. Ninety-one student-athletes (27% response rate) representing 13 sports completed the questionnaire. Participants were 19.81 ± 1.3 years old, mostly female (85.7%), Caucasian (67%), and of normal weight (BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; 74.7%). Nearly half (39.6%) reported food insecurity despite receiving wide-ranging assistance via scholarship support (86.1%) and/or the possession of a meal plan (42.9%). Food insecure participants reported limited money (25%) and time (19.4%) as barriers to food intake. Independent-samples t tests were conducted to compare grade point average (GPA) and BMI of food secure and food insecure groups. GPA was lower in the food insecure (M = 3.26, SD = .52) than the food secure group (M = 3.58, SD = .41); (t(63) = 3.06, P = .003) while BMI was higher in the food insecure (M = 24.05, SD = 3.56) than the food secure group (M = 22.85, SD = 2.17); (t(52) = –1.807, P = .077). Despite the provision of scholarships and meal plans, the prevalence of food insecurity reported among NCAA student-athletes was similar to previous reports among the general collegiate population. Unique solutions that address the increased nutrient demands and time constraints associated with sport participation are warranted. N/A.

Describe the potential benefits of intermittent fasting.

Human milk is the preferred source of infant nourishment; yet, acceptance of human milk as the norm for infant feeding is debated. In the United States there is a disparity in breastfeeding rates, which are significantly lower in African Americans compared to Whites. Multiple variables appear to influence breastfeeding, including the male partner. To assess and compare breastfeeding exposure, attitude, and knowledge between African American and White college males with no biological children. A second objective was to explore the relationship between breastfeeding variables and educational attainment, academic major, and sibling presence. A subset of responses from a larger cross-sectional survey were analyzed. African American and White collegiate males aged 18–40 years without biological children were included in the study. The questionnaire included demographic, exposure, attitude, and knowledge items. A total of 117 African American and 713 White males were included and represented all academic colleges on campus. African American participants documented less exposure to breastfeeding, a more positive attitude, and similar poor knowledge scores compared to their White counterparts. Sibling presence was linked with exposure, and exposure was linked to attitude. Both African American and White science majors scored higher on all factors than humanities or business majors. Breastfeeding exposure influences males’ attitudes toward breastfeeding. Future research should consider types of exposure to identify the sources most influential. Furthermore, tailoring breastfeeding interventions to increase exposure and knowledge in core wellness courses may improve attitudes and social acceptance among collegiate males.

Context The focus of learning and working with professions outside of one's own is the essence of interprofessional education (IPE). Interprofessional education satisfies accreditation standards and is a high-impact teaching practice. Interprofessional education is often studied in nursing, medicine, and pharmacy; however, it has rarely been explored in athletic training. Objective To determine student perceptions of interprofessional valuing among a unique combination of disciplines. Design Survey. Setting Students were seated in interprofessional teams at round tables in a ballroom resembling a professional conference. Patients or Other Participants Forty prelicensure students participated in the tabletop simulation (athletic training = 12, dietetics = 9, nursing = 19). Of these participants, 36 completed the survey (athletic training = 9, dietetics = 8, nursing = 19). Main Outcome Measure(s) Student teams were given 2 cases and were prompted to discuss and complete accompanying tasks. Debriefing followed each case. Afterward, students were asked to complete the questionnaire. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale-24 (ISVS) was used to assess interprofessional beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Results The ISVS and factor means were near the top of the survey scale, indicating that students had positive perceptions of interprofessional roles and socialization. All disciplines reported strong beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors towards IPE. No significant differences on the ISVS or subscales were identified among the disciplines or between those with and without previous IPE experience. Analysis of items revealed low scores for athletic training students on being able to share and exchange ideas in a team discussion, an important interprofessional behavior. Conclusions A combination of factors including newness to IPE, fewer IPE experiences, and unequal ratios of professions represented in each group may explain why athletic training students reported more challenges with sharing and exchanging ideas. Conducting a tabletop IPE events may facilitate the development of interprofessional valuing and socialization.