Soil CO2 emissions are widely used to trace fluid circulation in the crust, as faults and fracture networks act as preferential pathways for fluid ascent from depth. Their spatial distribution may reveal tectonic lineaments controlling fluid migration, while temporal variations may reflect stress changes associated with seismogenic processes. In active volcanic systems, however, identifying tectonic influences is challenging because volcanic and hydrothermal activity can mask tectonically controlled signals. Vulcano Island is particularly suitable for investigating these interactions, as it is characterized by both persistent volcanic–hydrothermal activity and a tectonic setting shaped by major regional fault systems. In this study, we analyze continuous soil CO2 flux records and periodic surveys conducted over a fixed measurement grid during the last 20 years. Continuous records show that a clear tectonic signal is recognizable only at the Faraglione site, where the most pronounced increase in soil CO2 flux occurred after the 16 August 2010 M 4.8 earthquake. Spatial analysis reveals two anomalous phases following this event, in September 2010 and January 2011, both showing a NNW-SSE alignment consistent with the regional structural framework. Analysis of data collected during the 2021 unrest confirms that the tectonic framework exerts strong control on fluid release both during quiescence and during phases of enhanced volcanic activity.

The TROPOMAG project investigates the possible effects of changes of the Earth’s magnetic field on the atmosphere and weather conditions with the aim to better quantify the natural sources of the atmospheric variability. This need raises to assess the observed climate trends more correctly, with a consequent better understanding of manmade effects on climate. Specifically, this work explores possible connections between atmospheric pressure anomalies and the occurrence of geomagnetic storms. To accomplish this task pressure data, recorded over some Italian volcanic areas, are analysed according to different methods and considering geomagnetic indexes. This work describes and discusses corresponding preliminary results.

Lipari Island, the largest of the Aeolian Archipelago in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, is a natural laboratory for investigating the intricate interactions between active volcanism, extensional tectonics, and hydrothermal processes. Spanning over 270,000 years of volcanic history, the island's evolution has been strongly influenced by the Tindari-Letojanni Fault System (TLFS), a major strike-slip fault that controls the emplacement of volcanic centers and the migration of hydrothermal fluids. Geological and geophysical studies, including ambient noise tomography (ANT) and high-resolution magnetic anomaly surveys, have revealed the complex subsurface structure of Lipari. High shear wave velocity (Vs) anomalies correlate with older volcanic buildings and active hydrothermal systems (e.g., San Calogero). At the same time, low Vs regions align with N-S trending faults, younger rhyolitic conduits, and ongoing volcanic processes. These findings highlight the crucial role of tectonics in shaping the island's geothermal and volcanic dynamics. Geochemical analyses further emphasize the influence of fluids in driving Lipari's hydrothermal systems. Elevated CO₂ fluxes, exceeding 2000 g/m²/day at key fault intersections, and distinctive isotopic signatures (e.g., helium and carbon) indicate a mantle-derived magmatic contribution to the hydrothermal activity. Sites such as Cave di Caolino and San Calogero demonstrate advanced argillic alteration, characterized by silica- and sulfate-rich minerals, driven by acidic steam condensates. This alteration reflects ongoing fluid-rock interactions and provides critical insights into the geothermal reservoirs' chemical and thermal conditions. Leveraging Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, this study utilizes the Thermal Anomaly Index (TAI) to detect and quantify thermal anomalies across Lipari Island, overcoming the limitations of a dedicated thermal band. The TAI integrates Near Infrared (NIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands to identify moderate and extreme thermal variations associated with volcanic and geothermal activity. The SWIR 1 band is effective in detecting moderate heat anomalies, while the SWIR 2 band excels in capturing extreme thermal events, such as fumarolic activity and hydrothermal alteration zones. Enhanced Thermal Anomaly Indices (TAIE) further refine this analysis, enabling precise identification of active volcanic zones and areas under thermal stress, such as those prone to drought or water scarcity. Combining TAI-based thermal insights with geophysical and geochemical data identifies shallow basaltic intrusions as primary heat sources fueling Lipari's geothermal systems. These systems exhibit characteristics consistent with low-to intermediate-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs, with temperatures estimated between 170°C and 200°C. The TLFS is a primary conduit for fluid migration, facilitating geothermal fluid circulation and heat transfer. Such integrated findings underline Lipari's substantial potential for sustainable geothermal energy exploitation. This research advances our understanding of volcanic island processes by linking lithospheric-scale tectonics, hydrothermal circulation, and remote sensing methodologies. The insights gained hold significant implications for managing volcanic hazards and optimizing renewable energy resources, offering a robust framework for continuous monitoring and sustainable development.

In the last decades, the volcanically active Aeolian Islands have been the focus of numerous geochemical investigations and monitoring activities, primarily focused on the islands of Vulcano, Stromboli and Panarea. However, relatively few studies have explored the geochemical characteristics of other islands, despite evidence of hydrothermal activity. Salina, for instance, hosts a shallow, cold, low-salinity aquifer that overlies a deeper warmer aquifer, with highly saline water. Additional noteworthy features include hydrothermal deposits on the seafloor and offshore submarine gas emissions. Similarly, Lipari hosts a thermal aquifer (e.g. Terme di San Calogero) and exhibits significant hydrothermal emissions along its western coast, particularly in areas of Valle del Fuardo and Caolino quarry. In this study we conducted detailed geochemical surveys on Lipari and Salina to investigate the origins of the fluids and their relationship with the geodynamic framework. The research is part of the Project CAVEAT (Central-southern Aeolian islands: Volcanism and tEArIng in the Tyrrhenian subduction system), which aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current geodynamics in the southern Tyrrhenian region, focusing on the interaction between volcanism and tectonic activity within the Tyrrhenian subduction system.On Salina and Lipari islands, soil CO2 flux measurement campaigns were conducted to examine the spatial distribution of soil CO2 emissions. Thermal surveys using an Unmanned Aircraft System were conducted over fumarolic areas to detect thermal anomalies associated with zones of preferential fluid emissions. These measurements helped define preferential pathways for fluid migration and identify active tectonic structures associated with areas of elevated soil CO2 emissions. At selected sites, isotopic composition of gas was analyzed to infer the gas origins. On Lipari, soil CO2 emission anomalies revealed a NNW-SSE alignment consistent with the area’s primary tectonic structures. Isotopic analysis confirmed a contribution of deep-origin fluids to these emissions. Thermal (up to 45.8 °C) and cold waters from Salina and Lipari were sampled and analyzed for their chemical and isotopic composition, as well as for dissolved gases. The isotopic composition of the water clearly indicates that the sampled groundwater originates from a mix of meteoric water and seawater, with varying degrees of mixing at each site. Gases dissolved in water exhibit an atmospheric component with a high content of CO2 in the most brackish samples. At Salina, the isotopic composition of dissolved helium reflects a mantle contribution. Collectively, the findings emphasize the significant influence of mantle and deep-origin origin fluids in shaping the geochemistry of both islands. They further highlight the critical role of geodynamic and tectonic processes in governing fluid emissions across the two islands.

The Earth’s degassing is an important factor in evaluating global carbon budget estimates and understanding the carbon cycle. As a result, numerous studies have focused on this topic. However, current estimates predominantly focus on subaerial CO2 emissions and CO2 deep submarine emissions, particularly along mid-ocean ridges (MORs), whereas very few and only spatially limited estimates of shallow submarine CO2 emissions have been reported, despite being widespread features of the seafloor. This study reports the results of measuring the dissolved CO2 concentrations in shallow submarine environments along the coast of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy). For the areas exhibiting the highest concentrations, we calculated the amount of diffuse degassing by computing the sea–air CO2 flux. The results revealed extremely high dissolved CO2 concentrations, reaching up to 24 vol.% in areas with visible hydrothermal activity, including one location far from the island’s main crater. Notably, elevated CO2 levels were also detected in areas with minimal or no apparent hydrothermal discharge, indicating the occurrence of diffuse degassing processes in these areas. In addition, the calculated diffuse degassing flux was comparable in magnitude to the CO2 flux directly emitted into the atmosphere from the island’s main bubbling pools.

Understanding multi-scale chemical-physical processes, which control rock deformation, faulting, and seismicity, requires the examination of processes at the boundaries between different research fields, and the availability of multidisciplinary long-term series of data. The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (TABOO-NFO) located in the upper Tiber Valley within the inner sector of the northern Apennines (Italy) has been created to fulfill this aim. TABOO-NFO is a state-of-the-art monitoring infrastructure composed of an array of seismic, geodetic, strain, and geochemical sensors. The infrastructure, continuously monitors at a high rate and resolution a relatively small and actively deforming area (about 120 km × 120 km), and allows to study various parameters connected to the deformation processes, active along a crustal fault system dominated by the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF). It is a 60 km long normal fault dipping at a low angle (<15°–20°). The region is characterized by the presence of over-pressurised fluids trapped at certain depths in the crust and superficial manifestations associated with the emission of large quantities of fluids (mainly CO2).The ATF strongly influences the redistribution of CO2 -rich emissions at regional scale and represents a key pathway for gas transfers from crustal natural reservoirs of fluids to the surface.Indeed, the gases tend to escape from the overpressurised reservoirs via low-permeability zones mainly placed along tectonic discontinuities present in the upper crust. In this framework, the area of the ATF represents a natural laboratory to investigate the relationship between soil CO2 fluxvariations and tectonic crustal stress.To this aim within TABOO-NFO we deployed a network of four stations to continuously monitor the soil CO2 flux in the surrounding of CO2 -rich gas emissions and we performed periodic monitoring of the chemical and isotopic composition of gases emitted in main vents of seepage sites. The contemporary record of high-frequency geophysical and geochemical parameters, along with the periodic acquisition of more detailed geochemical data in the seismogenic area, is the key to building conceptual models that can describe the relationship between fluid emissions, seismicity patterns and faulting (Caracausi et al., 2023).Over the course of the TABOO-NFO activities, ongoing monitoring of high-frequency geophysical and geochemical parameters, will provide the basis for building robust conceptual models of the main processes along the fault zone that influence the chemistry of the fluids themselves. Thesemodels are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of fluid emissions, seismicity patterns and faulting processes.In summary, the TABOO-NFO stands as a cutting-edge research initiative that combines advanced monitoring technologies with a multidisciplinary approach. The project aims to enhance understanding of the fundamental processes driving rock deformation, faulting, and seismic activityin the region. References Caracausi A., Camarda M., Chiaraluce L., De Gregorio S., Favara R., Pisciotta F.A., (2023), A novel infrastructure for the continuous monitoring of soil CO2 emissions: A case study at the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory in Italy. Frontiers in Earth Science, DOI 10.3389/feart.2023.1172643

In September 2021, the La Fossa crater at Vulcano, in Italy, entered a new phase of unrest. We discuss a set of monitoring parameters included in the INGV surveillance network, which closely tracked the sequence of effects related to the crisis. The low-frequency local seismicity sharply increased, while the GPS and tiltmeter networks recorded the inflation of the cone, as an effect of fluid expansion in the hydrothermal system. Gravity variations were probably the effects of fast processes within shallow sources. The anomalies in soil CO2 flux, fumarole temperature, and in plume SO2 flux marked the strong increase in the vapor output from crater fumaroles. The signs of the impending crisis had been evident in the chemical and isotopic composition of fumarole gases since July 2021. These geochemical anomalies were clearly indicative of the enhanced input of gases from a magmatic source. In October, the massive degassing also influenced the areas at the base of the cone. In some areas, soil CO2 degassing and the thermal aquifer recorded strong anomalies. By early November, the crisis reached its acme. Afterward, the monitored parameters started a slow and discontinuous decreasing trend although remaining, some of them, sensibly above the background for several months. The multidisciplinary approach proved decisive for the interpretation of the underlying processes acting in the different phases of the unrest, thus allowing a consistent evaluation of the multiple hazards.

Static and dynamic stress, along with earthquakes, can trigger the emission and migration of crustal fluids, as frequently observed on the surface and within the upper crust of tectonically active areas such as the northern Apennines of Italy. To investigate the origin of these fluids and their interconnection with the seismogenic process, we complemented The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (TABOO-NFO), a multidisciplinary monitoring infrastructure composed of a dense array of seismic, geodetic, strain, and radon sensors, with a proper geochemical network grounded on four soil CO 2 flux monitoring stations and weather sensors, placed near the main vents of the superficial manifestations. The TABOO-NFO is a state-of-the-art monitoring infrastructure, which allows for studying various geophysical parameters connected to the deformation processes active along a crustal fault system dominated by the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF), which is a 60 km long normal fault dipping at a low angle (<15°–20°). The region is favourable for conducting geochemical studies, as it is characterised by the presence of over-pressurised fluids trapped at certain depths and superficial manifestations associated with the emission of large quantities of fluids. After describing the theoretical framework and the technological aspects based on which we developed the geochemical monitoring network, we described the data recorded in the first months. Over the studied period, the results showed that soil CO 2 flux was primarily influenced by environmental parameters, and that the selected sites received a regular supply of deep-origin CO 2 .

Water-gas interaction is an ordinary process occurring in volcanic areas because of gases released from magma reservoir at depth interact and dissolve in groundwater and/or are discharged from the soils or fumaroles. At the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands), both thermal and geochemical anomalies in groundwater were detected along lines of structural weakness in the volcanic edifice behaving as preferential pathways for up-flows of heat and fluids discharged by the deep magmatic system.The interaction between deep volcanic/hydrothermal gases and groundwater can develop at various extent due to both local hydrogeological conditions and volcano-tectonic setting, resulting in different dissolved gas concentrations. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of chemical and stable isotope composition of dissolved gases in thermal groundwater at island of Vulcano.The data were acquired with systematic sampling in four selected well since 2010, and include data on dissolved helium isotopes and carbon isotope composition of dissolved CO2. The chemistry and isotopic data (C and He) of dissolved gases reveal the magmatic origin of the gas interacting with the aquifer and point out as the pristine magmatic composition varies upon gas ascent because of either dilution by a soil-atmospheric component or fractionation processes during interaction with groundwater. Further we discussed dissolved gases variations recorded during the period of unrest which onset at Vulcano on September 2021 and is still ongoing. The period of unrest was characterized by huge increase, orders of magnitude over the background, of degassing activity both from main crater and in pericrateric area. The variations detected in the chemical and isotopic composition of the dissolved gases occurred at different times and intensities in relation to the location of the wells.

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano (Pacific Ocean) generated a cataclysmic explosion on 15 January 2022, triggering several atmospheric disturbances at a global scale, as a huge increase in the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere, and a pressure wave travelling in the troposphere. We collected and analysed data over the Mediterranean to study these disturbances, and in particular, (i) data from the barometric and infrasonic stations installed on Italian active volcanoes by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for investigating the tropospheric pressure waves; (ii) barometric data from the INGV-TROPOMAG and SIAS (Sicilian Agro-meteorological Information System) networks, for investigating the interaction between the orography and pressure waves; (iii) ionograms from the Advanced Ionospheric Sounder-INGV ionosonde at Gibilmanna (Sicily, Italy); (iv) data from the RING (Rete Italiana Integrata GNSS) network, to retrieve the ionospheric TEC; (v) soil CO2 flux data from the INGV surveillance network of Vulcano Island. The analysis of the ground-level barometric data highlights that pressure waves were reflected and diffracted by the topographic surface, creating a complex space–time dynamic of the atmospheric disturbances travelling over Sicily, driven by the interference among the different wavefronts. The ionograms show that a medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID), with a horizontal wavelength of about 220 km and a period of about 35 min, propagated through the ionospheric plasma in the correspondence of the first barometric variations. Moreover, comparing detrended TEC and barometric data, we further confirmed the presence of the aforementioned MSTID together with its close relation to the tropospheric disturbance.

Periodic surveys for the measurement of the soil CO2 flux are regularly performed in three peripheral areas of the Mt Etna (Paternò, Zafferana-S. Venerina and Vena-Presa) for a whole of 140 measurement sites. It is widely demonstrated that anomalous emissions of CO2 in these areas are linked to magma supply dynamics. Herein we report the data of soil CO2 flux periodically recorded in these areas from 2015 to 2022. We processed and analyzed the data to reconstruct the magma supply dynamics over the considered period and showed as variations are related to the most significant eruptive phases which occurred through the investigated period.One of the hallmarks eruptive episode occurred on 24th December 2018, from an eruptive fissure which opened on the New Southeast Crater (NCSE) flank. During this event both ash-rich plumes from the summit craters and intense strombolian activity along the fissure were observed. This episode was associated with intense seismic swarms. Mild strombolian activity, ash emission at summit craters, and constant inflation of the volcano edifice during autumn 2018 preceded the eruptive episode. The soil CO2 flux measured in the more distal peripheral areas reveal that, at least three episodes of magmatic supply into the deep system (7-13 km b.s.l.) occur in the Etna feeding system, since 2016. After November 2018, a remarkable increase in the soil CO2 emissions was recorded at Vena-Presa area, along the Pernicana fault, suggesting magma transfer into the shallower portions of the feeding system. The volcanic origin of this degassing event was confirmed also by isotopic signature of carbon of CO2.Another notably eruptive phase occurred on 2021 at the NSEC, with a sequence of seventeen lava fountains from 16 February to 1 April 2021. Some of these events were the most intense among those which occurred at Mt. Etna in the last ten years. A few months earlier (July-December 2020) we detected a huge increase of CO2 emissions in the Paternò area, with the highest value ever recorded over the last 15 years.

&lt;p&gt;In retreating subduction zones the proposed lithosphere tearing processes at slab edges are typically related to segmentation of subducting plate. A direct response to lithosphere tearing is the channeling of new asthenospheric mantle that can initiate magmatism. Tearing mechanisms have also been proposed for the Calabrian Arc, where slab migration led to the formation of the southeastern Tyrrhenian basin and was progressively accommodated by inherited and newly formed vertical tear faults whose oldest (~2 Ma) and youngest (~0.8 Ma) tectonic expressions in the upper plate are the Sisifo-Alicudi and the Aeolian-Tindari-Letojanni fault systems, respectively. The Western and Central-Southern Aeolian Islands nested along these structures as highlighted by a large number of geological and geophysical studies in the last decades. CAVEAT aims to apply a multidisciplinary approach to study in detail the local lithospheric structure, the pattern of crustal deformation and the geochemical signature of the Central-Southern Aeolian Islands. The acquisition of new data will provide a broad overview of the ongoing geodynamics of the southern Tyrrhenian region and will allow us to properly study the interplay of present-day tectonics and volcanic deformation and the related role and nature of the fluids and the hydrothermal activity.&lt;/p&gt;

The identification and characterization of seismogenic structures in southwestern Sicily is an open debate both for the geological-structural complexity of this sector and the scarce seismicity as well. In addition, clear morphological evidence of tectonic structures is limited. Besides the geophysical methods, the study of the spatial distribution of soil CO2 flux is a valid methodology to investigate the position and geometry of buried active faults. Indeed, active tectonic structures are channels with high permeability through which deep fluids can migrate toward the atmosphere. Therefore, the alignment of high degassing areas can reveal the presence of preferential ways of rising fluids (i.e. faults). We applied this methodology in SW Sicily in the surrounding of the area hit by the 1968 seismic sequence and in three other areas where evidence of active deformation has been recognized. Furthermore, to investigate the origin of emitted fluids, we measured the carbon isotopic composition of the soil CO2 in some high emission sites. The results showed high spatial variability of soil CO2 fluxes with values ranging from 1 to 430 g m(-2) d(-1). The areal patterns of soil CO2 fluxes in all the areas reveal a strong influence of the main tectonic structures and active deformations on soil CO2 emissions. The range of isotopic data and the distribution of soil CO2 fluxes suggest a supply of deep fluids through the active tectonic structures.

The partitioning of carbon dioxide (CO2) released by soils at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) was performed by combining the CO2 flux and the carbon isotope measurements. Based on this method, the amount of CO2 of volcanic origin was quantified six times during the period 2015–2018. The data analysis allowed us to establish the correlation between CO2 soil degassing and changes in the contribution of volcanic fluids. Carbon isotope determinations were performed in situ to enhance the coverage of data collection in space and time. These data were combined with both the CO2 contents in the ground gases and the soil CO2 flux. The amount of volcanic CO2 was distinguished from that of biogenic origin by implementing a three-component mixing model. The results of this study indicate that the increase in CO2 output in September 2018 reflects the increase in volcanic gas emissions. The measurement method and analysis presented in this work are sufficiently general to be applicable to the monitoring programs of active volcanoes.

Natural soil CO2 emissions constitute a substantial portion of the carbon emitted in the atmosphere, particularly in volcano-tectonic areas where deep CO2 supply is also present because of the Earth's degassing. Hence, these emissions are considered of fundamental importance in the study of global CO2 budget estimates. Furthermore, in recent years, soil CO2 emissions have played an important role in the realm of seismic and volcanic studies as well as in the mitigation of gas-hazard-related risks. Although many methods are available for monitoring soil CO2 emissions, the comprehension and use of monitoring data can be challenging. This is because soil CO2 emissions are influenced by numerous processes and as consequence exhibit high spatio-temporal variability. In this framework, understanding the processes behind the variability of soil CO2 emissions is instrumental in improving their investigations. In addition, more suitable management of the monitoring data series is another crucial aspect of soil CO2 emission studies. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the processes that affect soil CO2 emissions and outline their impacts as functions of different features of the measurement sites. In particular, we examine the processes driven by both exogenous and endogenous factors and explain the origin of the observed variations. This study is based on the data acquired via eight monitoring stations on the island of Vulcano (Italy) from 2009 to 2017. The monitoring sites exhibited different features and covered a wide range of the soil CO2 emission values, thereby allowing a broad application of the obtained results.

In the past few decades, much attention has been posed on the natural degassing occurring far from volcanic systems, such as the Earth’s regions affected by continental rifting and active tectonics (Irwin and Barnes, 1980; Chiodini et al. 2000). Indeed, seismic regions are today worldwide renowned for being sites of extensive emissions of deep fluids (e.g., Italiano et al. 2009; Di Luccio et al. 2018). Furthermore, it has been proposed that the coseismic release of crustal-trapped over-pressurized fluids may represent one of the main triggering mechanisms of the aftershocks of large earthquakes (Miller et al. 2004). However, the primary composition of uprising gases can be modified upon migration to the surface as a result of solubility-controlled fractionation due to gas-water interactions. In a seismic region such processes have to be investigated and quantified in order to constrain possible modifications of the emitted fluids due to seismicity. Here we report the investigation of the chemical and isotope (He and C) signature of gas discharged in the earthquake-prone area of the Umbria region located in central Apennines (Italy). This region is strongly affected by widespread surface degassing (mainly CO2) and characterized by fluid over-pressure at depth (Chiodini et al. 2004). Taking into consideration the C isotope composition, we observe that the δ13CCO2 of the sampled gases tends to be more negative from south to north along with a gradual enrichment of the less soluble volatiles (He and N2) with respect to CO2 abundance. Our data also confirm a regional variation of the He isotopic signature in the outgassing volatiles. We show that fractionation processes affecting the carbon isotope composition of the investigated gases can be obtained through a Rayleigh-type condensation model to explain the measured carbon isotope values. This variability both in gas concentrations and isotopic values can be ascribed to fractionation effects due to difference in solubility of the gas components during water-gas interaction. Partial dissolution of uprising CO2 in circulating groundwaters can affect the primary δ13CCO2 of the gas phase leading to an increase of the He/CO2 and N2/CO2 vs. δ13CCO2 ratios in the residual gas phase. This study highlights the pristine sources of the emitted fluids and how water-gas interactions control their composition. The main goal of this investigation is to emphasize the physicochemical processes governing the concentrations and isotope signature of natural emissions in seismic regions. Moreover, this study is also aimed at the development of a hydrogeological model necessary to shed light on the possible relationship between crustal degassing, fluid flow-induced seismicity, tectonics and water-gas interaction at regional scale. Finally, we show that variations of the water-gas interaction can modify the gas chemistry furnishing new tools to understand the earthquake-related signals that fluids transport to the surface.

Crustal faults are complex natural systems whose mechanical properties evolve over time. Hence the understanding of the multi-scale chemical-physical processes, which control rock deformation, faulting and seismicity, requires investigating processes at the boundaries between different research fields and the availability of long term series of data. With this aim it was created the TABOO near fault observatory within the inner sector of the northern Apennines (Italy)to permanently monitor at high resolution a relatively small and actively deforming area (120km x 120km) by a multidisciplinary approach (Chiaraluce et al., 2014). In this area it is documented the existence of a 60km long extensional fault named Alto Tiberina Fault (ATF) that is recognized being an high seismicity structure even if there were not large historical events unambiguously associated with this fault. In contrast a set of synthetic and antitethic high angle faults generated moderate seismic events. The region is also characterized by high pressure fluids (mainly CO2) at depth and very high flux CO2 emissions (up to 5800 t/yr) on the surface in absence of any evidences of volcanism. The fluid over-pressure is proposed as one of the main triggering mechanisms of Apennine earthquakes (Chiodini et al., 2004). Recently, we deployed a network of 4 automatic permanent stations along the ATF to monitor the soil CO2 flux. Periodically we also collect fluids released in the region to investigate a) the origin of outgassing volatiles, b) the role of the tectonic discontinuities in the transfer of volatiles towards the surface. The geochemical network was in place also during the seismic sequence that hit the central Italy in 2016. We observed a variation of the CO2 fluxes in all the sites before the main faulting episodes (MW>5.9) of the seismic sequences. We recognized the increase even if the sites are located up to 140km away from the main shocks epicentres. The increase of the soil CO2 flux that anticipated the higher magnitude earthquakes from one week to one month, was observed firstly at the southernmost station (100 km from the epicentre) and then to the northernmost ones (140 km from the epicentre), mimicking sort of migrating pulse at about 1km/day. Moreover, the volatiles that we periodically collected, have shown that the increase of soil CO2 flux was not coupled to variations of the chemistry of the fluids emitted from the main vents in the region. This study indicates that crustal deformation associated with earthquakes preparatory processes, controls the gas transfer on regional scale along the Apennine and it also give new insights on the depth of the faults systems that are active to the transfer of volatiles towards the surface and are sensitive to deformation at regional scale.