Abstract Children with intellectual disabilities have limitations in performing self-care activities independently, such as bathing, dressing, and using the toilet. Although training has been implemented at SLB Negeri Pati, most children still show a high level of dependence on others. To describe the level of self-care independence among children with intellectual disabilities at SDLB Negeri Pati. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 61 respondents were selected from 72 students using simple random sampling. The instrument consisted of a 15-item questionnaire on a 4-point Likert scale (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.924). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The findings showed that 34.4% of the children were independent, 52.5% were less independent, and 13.1% were not independent. Higher independence was observed in children with mild intellectual disabilities, aged ≥10 years, in upper grades, and with parents aged ≥40 years. Most children with intellectual disabilities at SDLB Negeri Pati were still less independent and require continuous self-care training both at school and at home.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Bank BRI KCP Brawijaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik sampel jenuh, melibatkan 30 pegawai sebagai responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner yang telah dinyatakan valid (r hitung > 0,2960) dan reliabel (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0,60), serta diolah menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan taraf signifikansi α = 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan memiliki koefisien regresi sebesar 0,195 dengan nilai t hitung 1,454 dan nilai signifikansi 0,158 (> 0,05), sehingga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Sementara itu, Motivasi memiliki koefisien regresi sebesar 0,541 dengan nilai t hitung 3,272 dan nilai signifikansi 0,003 (< 0,05), yang berarti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Secara simultan, Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan nilai F sebesar 5,875 dan signifikansi 0,008 (< 0,05).Temuan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan sebagai faktor dominan, disertai pengembangan gaya kepemimpinan yang efektif untuk mendorong kinerja optimal. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah manajemen Bank BRI KCP Brawijaya perlu memprioritaskan strategi peningkatan motivasi kerja, seperti pemberian penghargaan, pengembangan karier, sistem insentif yang adil, melakukan evaluasi dan pelatihan kepemimpinan untuk mendukung peningkatan kinerja karyawan secara berkelanjutan.

Every human being is endowed with emotions that can be well-controlled, as evidenced by the ability to regulate emotions. The gap relates to the understanding of emotional regulation in the context of drug addiction by addiction counselors, especially for Muslim clients who face emotional conflict, social pressure, and spiritual dynamics during the recovery process. Because the ability to regulate emotions in Muslim addicted clients actually impacts self-recovery, but its measurement hasn’t yet been used with relevant assessments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity and reliability of the emotional regulation scale for Muslim drug-addicted clients undergoing rehabilitation. The study used a sequential explanatory design with a qualitative form content validity stage for construct development through theoretical review, validation by three experts (religion, psychology, and addiction counseling), and readability testing. Then, the quantitative stage was completed by testing the instrument on 49 rehabilitation clients to test construct validity and reliability. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis using Aikan-V, product-moment, and Cronbach's alpha. Logical validity in content validity showed a CVI value of 0.917, indicating very high feasibility. All items correlated with the minimum limit (value>0.2329) were declared empirically valid. Reliability testing using the Rasch model with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.71 and item reliability of 0.94, indicating good internal consistency. The results of the study confirmed that the regulation emotions scale is suitable for use as an assessment to support addiction counseling services.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational communication in improving the effectiveness of educational institutions. Organizational communication is understood as the process of information exchange, coordination, and interaction among organizational members, which serves to support the optimal achievement of educational goals. This study employed a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach through analysis of various books, national journals, and relevant previous research findings from the past 10 years. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a crucial role in improving the effectiveness of educational institutions through clarity of information, strengthening work coordination, and creating a conducive work environment. Effective communication also influences teacher performance, learning quality, work motivation, and faster and more accurate decision-making. Furthermore, vertical, horizontal, and diagonal communication patterns are crucial factors in facilitating the flow of information within the school environment. Therefore, effective and structured organizational communication is key to creating professional, adaptive educational institutions capable of continuously improving the quality of education.

Learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn), particularly on the topic of Pancasila, remain unsatisfactory because many students experience difficulties in understanding concepts through conventional teacher-centered instruction. Therefore, innovative learning models supported by engaging instructional media are needed to promote active participation and improve students' understanding. This study aimed to improve students' learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) on the topic of Pancasila through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the Smart Box Pancasila learning media for fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Kanigoro. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 15 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by Smart Box Pancasila effectively improved students' learning outcomes and classroom participation. The percentage of students achieving the minimum mastery criterion increased from 33% in the pre-cycle to 67% in Cycle I and reached 100% in Cycle II. In addition, students became more actively involved in discussions, expressed their opinions more confidently, collaborated effectively with peers, and demonstrated better problem-solving skills related to Pancasila. The Smart Box Pancasila media also created a more engaging, interactive, and student-centered learning environment. Therefore, the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by Smart Box Pancasila was proven to be effective in improving the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Pancasila and Civic Education.

Profesi advokat memiliki kedudukan penting dalam sistem peradilan pidana sebagai penegak hukum yang berfungsi memberikan perlindungan hukum dan menjamin terpenuhinya hak-hak tersangka maupun terdakwa. Dalam praktiknya, pengaturan kewenangan advokat pada tahap penyidikan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) lama masih menyisakan berbagai persoalan, seperti dominasi penyidik dalam pemeriksaan, keterbatasan akses terhadap dokumen perkara, dan belum optimalnya perlindungan hak-hak tersangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer berupa KUHAP lama, Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang KUHAP, Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat, serta Kode Etik Advokat Indonesia, yang didukung oleh berbagai bahan hukum sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUHAP baru memberikan penguatan yang signifikan terhadap kedudukan dan kewenangan advokat pada tahap penyidikan melalui perluasan hak bantuan hukum, pendampingan aktif saat pemeriksaan, akses terhadap Berita Acara Pemeriksaan (BAP), hak komunikasi dengan tersangka, serta mekanisme keberatan atas tindakan penyidik yang melanggar hak-hak tersangka. Pengaturan tersebut mencerminkan pergeseran paradigma menuju sistem peradilan pidana yang lebih menjunjung perlindungan hak asasi manusia, fair trial, dan due process of law. Namun, efektivitasnya masih dipengaruhi oleh budaya hukum aparat penegak hukum, profesionalisme pelaksana, dan tingkat kesadaran hukum masyarakat

The issue of bullying and sexual violence in schools remains a serious challenge that requires structured educational interventions to create a safe learning space for students. This community service program aims to improve literacy and critical awareness among students at SMAN 2 Boyolali regarding the dangers and psychological impacts of such acts of violence. The program was implemented through an interactive outreach method involving 35 students as active participants. The focus of the material presented included definitions, various forms of physical and non-physical violence, long-term psychological impacts, and safe reporting mechanisms for victims. The program's success was measured through a question-and-answer session after the outreach, which demonstrated an increase in student understanding. As a concrete output, this activity succeeded in forming a group of students within one class who took the initiative to act as proactive anti-violence agents in the school environment. These results conclude that the interactive outreach method is an effective and applicable approach to strengthening student protection in educational units.

Studi ini berfokus untuk mengungkapkan keterikatan antara Self-Efficacy dengan Kemandirian Belajar pada siswa di SMP Global Prima Medan. Metode studi yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif korelasional dengan teknik Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Sampel sebanyak 174 siswa dipilih dari populasi sebanyak 331 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Self-Efficacy Scale dan Learning Independence Scale, yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik metode Corrected Item Total Correlation dengan bantuan program SPSS statistics 23 for Windows, hasil studi menunjukkan adanya keterikatan positif dan signifikan antara self-efficacy dan learning independence dengan nilai korelasi (r) sebesar 0.466 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.000 (p< 0.05). Ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi Self-Efficacy siswa, semakin tinggi pula tingkat Kemandirian Belajar mereka. Self-Efficacy memberikan kontribusi sebesar 21.8% terhadap variasi Kemandirian Belajar, sedangkan 78.2% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah bahwa Self-Efficacy merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar siswa. Studi ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi guru, orang tua, dan sekolah dalam mengembangkan program pendidikan yang mendorong kemandirian akademik siswa.

Penggunaan gadget yang berlebihan pada anak usia sekolah dapat menyebabkan kecanduan yang berdampak negatif pada kesehatan fisik, perkembangan sosial, dan prestasi akademik. Anak-anak masa kini cenderung menghabiskan banyak waktu di ponsel mereka. Anak dapat menjadi tergantung pada gadget jika penggunaannya tidak diatur dengan baik. Anak yang menghabiskan terlalu banyak waktu dengan gadget mungkin mengalami kurangnya interaksi sosial secara langsung yang sangat penting untuk perkembangan kemampuan komunikasi dan keterampilan sosial mereka. Upaya meminimalisir penggunaan gadget pada anak yaitu memberikan mainan dan kegiatan alternatif dengan mengajarkan permainan tradisional karena permainan tradisional merupakan salah satu alternatif agar anak tidak bosan dalam beraktivitas sehari-hari. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk menurunkan tingkat kecanduan gadget melalui terapi bermain tradisional pada anak usia sekolah. Upaya yang telah dilakukan dengan memberikan terapi permainan tradisional kepada anak di sekolah dan dilanjutkan pada saat waktu senggang di rumah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan tingkat kecanduan gadget dari 90,2% menjadi 74,5% setelah dilakukan terapi bermain tradisonal

The research aims to 1) find out meaning of stimulating cognitive development for children aged 5-6 years 2) find our the meaning of the traditional congklak game 3) find out the rules of the traditional congklak game 4) find out the influence of congklak in developing cognitive children aged 5-6 years. This type of research is research using a qualitative descriptive method (library research) which relies on library data collection activities by reading, taking notes and processing information in written form. The results of this research are 1) stimulation is an important factor in the development of the quality of human brain cells that have been present simce in the womb. Stimulation for child development includes 6 aspects, one of which is the cognitive aspect. This aspect is very important in the stimulus because it is releted to thinking power 2) the traditional game of congklak is a game that has been passed down from generation to generation and is the result of the regional culture ehich contains educational and cultural values with the rules of the game, namely being played by 2 people facing a board. Congklak uses 2 tools, namely a board and congklak seeds 3) the influence of congklak in the cognitive development of children aged 5-6 years is to train the childs left brain in thinking, the left and right brain are active through numerical calculations, and develop and from the right brain.

This study was motivated by the low level of emotional wellness among some junior high school students, characterized by difficulties in recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions adaptively, thereby impacting social behavior and learning processes at school. Previous studies have shown that emotion regulation-based interventions are effective in improving adolescents' emotional well-being. However, counseling interventions in schools that specifically target emotional regulation patterns to improve students' emotional wellness are still relatively limited in guidance and counseling services. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of group counseling using the Mode Deactivation Counseling (MDC) model in improving the emotional wellness of junior high school students. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. The research subjects consisted of five eighth-grade students from a junior high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, selected using purposive sampling based on the criterion of low emotional wellness. Data were collected using an emotional wellness scale that had been tested for content validity through expert judgment and reliability. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to determine differences in scores before and after treatment. The results show a significant difference between pretest and posttest emotional wellness scores after participating in MDC group counseling (p = 0.043 < 0.05). These findings indicate that MDC group counseling is effective in improving emotional wellness among junior high school students.

This study aims to determine 1) Description of Teacher Teaching Variations 2) Description of Learning Outcomes, 3) Is There a Significant Relationship Between Teacher Teaching Variations and Student Learning Outcomes of Employment Material in class XI MA Khoirul Ulum. This study uses a quantitative method with a population of 32 people and a sample of 32 people, the sampling technique used is the total sampling technique. The data collection technique is observation and test data analysis technique One group pretest posttest analysis. Based on the data analysis, it is known that the Description of Teacher Teaching Variations on Economic Learning Outcomes in Class XI MA Khoirul Ulum obtained a value of 65.16 in the "Less" category. The Description of Student Learning Outcomes of Employment Material in class XI MA Khoirul Ulum obtained an average value of 82.34 in the "Good" category. Based on the results of the calculation of the data obtained using SPSS Through the paired sample t test, the calculated t value was found to be -12.771 while the t table was 1.695 with a significant value of 0.000, it is known that the Sig (2-tailed) value <0.05 means "there is a significant relationship between Teacher Teaching Variations on Student Learning Outcomes of Employment Material in class XI MA Khoirul Ulum.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes and maternal behavior in caring for stunted children aged 24-35 months. Additionally, it examines how demographic variables are related to these independent variables. A cross-sectional study design was employed, focusing on mothers of stunted children aged 24-35 months in an area of a developing country (n = 56). We utilized a modified version of a previous knowledge and attitude assessment tool. The instrument measuring maternal behavior in caring for stunted children remained unmodified. The study commenced in April 2025, following the acquisition of ethical approval. Data collection included demographic questionnaires, respondent identity forms, informed consent, knowledge assessments, attitude surveys, and evaluations of maternal behavior regarding the care of stunted children. The analysis revealed no significant relationship between maternal knowledge and behavior in caring for stunted children (p = 0.268; p > 0.05). However, there was a significant positive correlation between maternal attitudes and maternal behavior (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). As maternal knowledge decreases, the behavior of caring for stunted children tends to improve. Conversely, an increase in knowledge correlates with a decrease in caring behavior. On the other hand, an increase in positive attitudes towards caring for stunted children leads to an improvement in maternal behavior, while a decrease in attitudes results in poorer care behavior. Behaviors related to caring for stunting include four essential domains, which can serve as a framework for independent assessments of mothers caring for stunted children aged 24-35 months.

Kegiatan kuliah praktek bermasyarakat dilakukan pada UMKM Defa, Campaka Purwakarta, yang bergerak dalam produksi akar kelapa dan keripik cireng sejak tahun 2022. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada UMKM, seperti pencatatan keuangan yang tidak terstruktur dan tidak konsisten serta pemanfaatan pemasaran digital yang belum optimal, sehingga dapat memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan mencakup observasi lapangan, wawancara, analisis SWOT, analisis USG, serta pelatihan dan pendampingan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pencatatan keuangan sederhana dan optimalisasi strategi pemasaran digital dapat membantu meningkatkan kinerja keuangannya dan jangkauan pasar UMKM Defa.

Maladministration in tax services remains a significant challenge to legal certainty and the protection of taxpayers' rights in Indonesia, particularly within the rapid transition to digital taxation. This study examines the evolution of digital tax maladministration, culminating in the early 2025 implementation of the Coretax Administration System, which has sparked new operational issues such as system incompetence, procedural bugs, and server inaccessibility. Analyzing statistical trends from the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia from 2023 to 2025, this research evaluates how technical failures unjustly impose administrative and financial penalties on taxpayers without any fault on their part. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study analyzes the construction of government liability and the effectiveness of available legal remedies. The findings reveal that digital service failures (service failures) constitute a public authority tort (onrechtmatige overheidsdaad) under the category of faute de service. Consequently, the Directorate General of Taxes administrative responsibility to restore taxpayers' rights through correction, cancellation of unlawful administrative sanctions, and other administrative remedies in accordance with Indonesian administrative law. To ensure robust legal protection, this study recommends the formalization of a preventive "tax digital disaster protocol" via Ministerial Regulation and emphasizes the crucial repressive synergy between the Ombudsman RI and the Administrative Court (PTUN).

This study aims to examine the relationship between workload and work stress among employees at the Planning, Development, Research, and Development Agency (Bappelitbang). The research is based on increasing job demands and task volume that may contribute to psychological pressure among employees. A quantitative correlational design was employed in this study. The sample consisted of 119 employees selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using workload and work stress scales developed based on relevant theoretical frameworks and tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis using Pearson Product Moment correlation revealed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.614 with a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination indicates that workload contributes 37.7% to work stress. These results show a significant positive relationship between workload and work stress, meaning that higher workload is associated with higher levels of work stress among employees. Conversely, lower workload tends to be followed by reduced work stress. These findings suggest that workload management plays an important role in maintaining employees’ psychological well-being. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to distribute workloads more proportionally to minimize the risk of work-related stress.

ABSTRACT Millions of girls and boys in the world experience abuse and exploitation every year. The UNICEF data reported that between 2005 and 2022 at least 16,000 children experienced violence related to rape, forced marriage, sexual exploitation, and other forms of violence. Sexual violence against children can have long-term adverse effects on the physical health, social life, and psychological well-being of the victims. One of the efforts that can be made to protect children from the effects of sexual violence is to increase knowledge about the concepts and skills in preventing sexual abuse. This article aims to identify instruments to measure knowledge, attitudes, and skills regarding the prevention of sexual violence against children found in various literatures. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize this research. The CKAQ has been the most frequently used instrument in the prevention of sexual violence against children and has been translated into various languages to measure knowledge of prevention of sexual violence against children. An Illustrated Scale Measuring the Sexual-Violence Prevention Knowledge and PSQ are instruments that can be used to measure knowledge of the prevention of sexual violence against children with intellectual disabilities. This research has found that the SAQ has been the most frequently used instrument to measure attitudes on the prevention of sexual violence, while the WIST has been the most frequently used instrument to measure skills in preventing sexual violence against children. Keywords: instruments, knowledge, attitudes, skills, the prevention of sexual violence

The objective of this research was to identify the most dominant waste, calculate the average cycle time per unit at each work station, and provide suggestions for improving the production process. The approach used was Lean Manufacturing with the tools of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Waste Assessment Model (WAM). VSM was used to map the process flow and identify non-value-added activities, while WAM was used to assess the dominance of waste using the Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM) and Waste Assessment Questionnaire (WAQ). The analysis results showed that defects were the most significant waste, contributing 14.57%. The main causes were inconsistencies in boiling temperatures and printing errors. In addition, imbalances in cycle times between work stations were found. Proposed improvements focused on the Future State VSM, in the form of process standardization, temperature control, and rearrangement of work areas. The implementation of this method is expected to improve production efficiency sustainably.

This research aimed to ascertain the correlation between psychological well-being and burnout among personnel at the Medan District Court. This research is grounded on the significant work demands that may diminish psychological well-being and elevate the risk of burnout. The research used a quantitative methodology. A total of 142 workers were chosen as study participants via a purposive sample method. Data were gathered using surveys. The study's findings indicated a substantial negative correlation between psychological well-being and burnout, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.241 and a p-value of 0.004 (p < 0.05). These findings reveal a substantial inverse correlation, characterised by a strong and critical association between these factors. The coefficient of determination for the Psychological Well- being indicator was measured at 0.058, representing 5.8% of Burnout.