The effect of flaxseed oil on the biochemical, CA15-3 markers and organs' microstructures of female rats with breast cancer induced using the 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) against docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was assessed. 36 female rats were used. Breast cancer was induced in 30 rats using the DMBA. At week 19, a total of 23 rats had developed tumors. Amongst them, 18 were selected and assembled in three groups of six rats each: The negative control to which was administered 250 mg/kg of distilled water, the positive control that received 125 mg/kg of DHA, the test group which was given 1000 mg/kg flaxseed oil and the normal group made of rats that were not induced but received 250 mg/kg of distilled water for 28 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed and the blood collected to prepare the serum that was analyzed for the lipid profile, serum enzymes, breast cancer tumor marker, and creatinine levels. Histopathology of organs was done. Results showed that flaxseed oil and DHA increased the HDL and decreased the LDL, CA15-3, LDH, creatinine, AST and ALT compared to the negative control. Histopathological studies revealed protective properties of DHA and flaxseed oil on the organs.

Background:Xylopia aethiopica (XAE) fruit (Ethiopian pepper) is a culinary spice widely used in African countries. It has numerous biological properties including potent anticancer properties; however, there is a lack of data on its safety, which justifies this study. Methods:Animals were administered a unique dose of 2000 mg/kg for the acute (14-day) toxicity and three doses (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW) of the subchronic (90-day) oral toxicity of ethanol dry fruit of XAE extract guideline numbers 423 and 408, respectively. Behavioral, morphological (body weight and relative weight of the organs), biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters of toxicological interest were evaluated with organs, such as the lung, liver, kidney, breast, and testes, just to name a few. Results:An LD50 > 2000 mg/kg was found after an acute exposure to XAE in young female rats. After 90 days of administration, XAE induced no significant changes in body weight and relative weights of the organs. In both female and male rats, no significant changes were observed in the tested biochemical parameters (creatinine, total proteins, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST, and urea), except for the bilirubin levels, which slightly decreased in males at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW. No change was observed in the histological sections of organs of interest in toxicology (spleen, lungs, kidneys, liver, and heart) as well as in the reproductive organs (vagina, uterus, and ovary for females and testes, seminal vesicle, prostate, and epididymis for males). A significant decrease was observed in the level of hematological parameters, such as platelet levels in both female (p ≤ 0.001) and male (p ≤ 0.01) Wistar rats when compared to the control. This decrease in platelet concentration observed in experimental rats suggests that XAE may induce thrombocytopenia, possibly through an adverse effect on thrombopoiesis. Conclusion:Taken altogether, the observations therefore showed that long-term administration of XAE dry fruit extract might induce thrombocytopenia and anemia, particularly at higher doses, warranting caution regarding long-term use.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:According to a report published in 2025, Cameroon has the highest breast cancer mortality rate in Africa, with 91,300 deaths recorded in 2022 out of 198,300 new cases. Referring to the use of Acacia seyal Delile in Cameroonian traditional system to treat inflammatory conditions and cancer, we demonstrated that its hydro-ethanolic stem barks extract has anti-breast cancer potential in vitro and in vivo. AIM OF THE STUDY:To evaluate the modes of action (anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-estrogenic activities) of fractions (polyphenols, polysaccharides and residue) from Acacia seyal Delile. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Once the polyphenol-rich (ASpo), polysaccharides (ASsu) and residue (ASres) fractions were obtained, their total phenolic, and UPLC-HR-LC-MS fingerprints were determined and compared to those of the crude extract. Their in vitro anti-oxidant (DPPH, ABTS and total anti-oxidant capacity), anti-inflammatory (egg albumin denaturation and human erythrocyte membrane stabilization) and estrogenic/anti-estrogenic (MCF-7 cell proliferation/E-screen) activities were determined. Having demonstrated the best activities, the ASpo fraction was then evaluated for its in vivo anti-oxidant effect using the D-Galactose-induced oxidative stress rat model, anti-inflammatory activity via the carrageenan induced-inflammation rat model and estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity through the 3-day uterotrophic assay in rats. RESULTS:The Acacia seyal Delile polyphenol-rich fraction (ASpo) showed a higher total phenol content (6292.53 ± 282.03 μg Eq ascorbic acid/mg dry extract) with its UHPLC chromatograms presenting many peaks putatively detected in the range of flavonoids. It was the most potent fraction with potent anti-oxidative activities (EC50 of 0.05 mg/mL, 100 % free radical scavenging after 15 min in DPPH). It contents 2.9 mg Eq trolox/g dry matter of antiradical ingredients and 2803.92 ± 9.61 μg Eq ascorbic acid/g dry matter in ATBS and TAC, respectively. ASpo at 4 mg/mL had a highest percentage of membrane stabilization (97.9 %) and protected the egg albumin against denaturation induced by the heat with IC50 of 70.2 μg/mL. ASpo exhibited in vitro estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effect in MCF-7 cells in dose-dependent fashion. In vivo, ASpo exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction of the MDA levels, increase the GSH levels and SOD activity with a maximum effect (p < 0.001) observed at 150 mg/kg BW. However, at a dose of 75 mg/kg, ASpo had a similar effect to that induced by the crude extract (ASEH) at a dose of 150 mg/kg BW. The ASpo exhibited a dose-dependent protection against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by the D-Galactose in rats, as well as a dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the rat hind paws. It induced no estrogenic effect in vivo but a significant anti-estrogenic effect, which was abrogated when co-treated with an anti-estrogen, suggesting that its effects are mediated through estrogen receptors. CONCLUSION:Out of the three fraction of Acacia seyal Delile, the polyphenol-rich fraction (ASpo) have inherited the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-estrogenic potential of the crude extract, and appears to be a promising candidate in the fight against breast cancer.

BACKGROUND:Breast cancer remains a topic of interest due to its high mortality rate among Cameroonian women. The barks of Erythrina excelsa are traditionally used for medicinal purposes in the management of various conditions including cancer. AIMS:This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer effects of Erythrina excelsa bark extract in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS:Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP) were conducted to determine secondary metabolite content and free radical scavenging capacity. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. In vivo chemopreventive efficacy was evaluated using a DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in 42 female rats aged 55 to 65 days (~100 g), except the normal group (n = 7). The normal (NOR) and negative (DMBA) groups were treated daily with the vehicle (2% ethanol in distilled water) while the positive (Tamox) and test groups received tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg) and Erythrina excelsa extract (75, 150, 300 mg/kg BW), respectively for 20 weeks. Tumor parameters, serum biomarkers (CA 15-3, cytokines), oxidative stress markers, hematological and biochemical indices, and organ toxicity were assessed. As results, both aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of E. excelsa inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h, induced apoptosis, and promoted G2/M cell cycle arrest. In vivo, E. excelsa aqueous extract (AE) significantly reduced tumor incidence, volume, and weight in a DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis rat model, while lowering serum CA15-3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12). Treatment also enhanced antioxidant defenses (SOD, catalase, GSH), reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA), improved hematological and biochemical parameters, and mitigated DMBA-induced hepatic and renal toxicity, without evidence of systemic side effects. CONCLUSION:Erythrina excelsa barks exhibited an anticancer potential mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and cell cycle-modulating effects, and support its further investigation as a promising natural source for cancer therapy.

The chemical investigation of the stem bark of Ficus iteophylla Miq. has resulted in the isolation of three previously undescribed compounds: iteophylupeol (1), iteophenylcoumarin (2), and iteophylisoflavone (3), alongside 12 known compounds (4-15). The structures of these compounds were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and HR-ESI-MS analysis. The isolated compounds and crude extract were evaluated for their anticancer activity using an in vitro MTT bioassay against oestrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and ZR75-1), triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806), and non-tumor fibroblastic cell lines (TO34). Compounds 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, and 12 demonstrated very low activity to inhibit cancer cell growth. Compounds 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10 demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 27.75 µM to 183 µM. Compound 2 demonstrated notable levels of cytotoxicity, with a CC50 value of 13.34 and 21.26 µM in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cells, respectively, suggesting its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Abstract The influence of flaxseed oil on tumor size, hematological and oxidative stress markers in female rats with 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐Induced Breast Cancer in comparison to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was evaluated. 36 female rats were used. Breast cancer was induced in 30 rats using DMBA. At week 19, a total of 23 had developed tumors; 18 of them were selected and randomized into three groups: the negative control, the positive control and test groups that respectively received distilled water (0.25 mL/kg), DHA (125 mg/kg) and flaxseed oil (1000 mg/kg) by gavaging every day for 28 days. The six rats that were not induced served as normal control. Tumor size was measured. The rats were sacrificed and the blood collected. Hematological markers were measured in the blood. The serum was used to measure the molecular tumor marker and total protein. Organs were collected and their homogenates prepared. Both serum and organ homogenates were analyzed for their protein and oxidative stress markers. Results revealed lower tumor sizes, cancer antigen marker CA15‐3, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde level and increased white blood cells, platelets, serum protein level, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase activities in rats taking DHA and flaxseed oil compared to the negative control.

IntroductionBreast cancer killed 665,684 patients globally in 2022 despite government efforts and conventional therapies. The hydro-ethanolic extract of Acacia seyal, a sub-Saharan African ethnomedicinal plant, showed moderate cytotoxicity, significant anti-migration and in vivo preventive effects against breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to propose an improved traditional extract and to evaluate its efficacy and potential mechanism of action.MethodsTo achieve this, A. seyal hydro-ethanolic extract (ASHE) was fractionated in polyphenol-enriched (ASpo), polysaccharides (ASsu) and residue (ASre) fractions. Fractions along with the crude extract were tested for their ability to inhibit cell growth (MTT) and proliferation (CCK-8). The promising fraction (ASpo) was further investigated on clone formation, caspase-3, wound healing, chemotaxis and cell adhesion to understand its underlying mechanisms of action. Moreover, ASpo at 18.75 and 37.5 mg/kg, p.o compared to standard drugs (tamoxifen and letrozole) and control (distilled water) were assessed in a 20-week preventive study of DMBA (50 mg/kg, s.c)-induced breast cancer by considering tumor incidence, tumor volume, organ mass, histopathological, hematological, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory markers.ResultsAmong the 3 fractions, ASpo compared to control, inhibited (p < 0.01) MDA-MB 231 cells growth, proliferation and clone formation at 50 μg/mL. It increased caspase-3 and inhibited cell migration and invasion (p < 0.01) with increase (p < 0.01) adherence to collagen and fibronectin. In vivo, comparable to reference drugs, ASpo reduced tumor incidence (50%), and tumor volume from 7827.30 mm3 (adenocarcinoma SBRIII, 10% lymphocytes infiltration) in DMBA to 804.32 mm3 (adenocarcinoma SBRII, 30% lymphocytes infiltration) at 37.5 mg/kg. It increased femur and thymus’mass, lymphocytes and monocyte levels (p < 0.001) in serum, reduced (p < 0.001) TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, EGF, nitrites levels whereas increased SOD, catalase and major IFN-γ cytokine (p < 0.001). ASpo additionally showed a safety profile on toxicity organs.ConclusionOverall, ASpo mainly contributed to anti-breast cancer activities of total crude extract and involved immunomodulatory effects to consider with optimized bioactivity to further investigate it as a promising natural and inexpensive alternative to costly and efficient current immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT Background Terminalia macroptera (Combretaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the traditional pharmacopeia in most tropical areas, where its different parts are used in treating illnesses including cancer. Aims In this study, two oleanane‐type triterpenoids: terminolic acid (TM32) and arjungenin (TM34), together with three saponins: arjunglucoside I (TM35), 24‐deoxysericoside (TM36) and chebuloside II (TM37) from T. macroptera, were screened for their cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell lines. Methods and Results The compounds were isolated using column chromatography and characterized from their NMR data. Their cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against estrogen non‐sensitive (MDA‐MB 231) and estrogen sensitive (MCF‐7) breast cancer cell lines were evaluated. Against estrogen non‐sensitive (MDA‐MB 231) cancer cell lines, deoxysericoside (TM36) was profoundly active compared to the control. Terminolic acid (TM32), arjungenin (TM34), and arjunglucoside I (TM35) were also active. Against estrogen sensitive (MCF‐7) breast cancer cell lines, deoxysericoside (TM36) exhibited significant activity (p < 0.05) compared to control experiments. The most active compound had an optimum concentration of 30 μg/mL. Deoxysericoside (TM36) showed concentration‐dependent inhibition percentages at 15 and 30 μg/mL, and MDA‐MB 231 breast carcinoma cells were more susceptible. MDA‐MB 231 treated with 15 and 30 μg/mL of deoxysericoside (TM36) showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) in clone formation after 48 h when compared to untreated controls, suggesting that it can restrict cancer to a preliminary stage. The deoxysericoside (TM36) reduced cell migration with dose‐dependent improvement in wound healing at 15 and 30 μg/mL, revealed by the micrographs. Molecular docking indicated that the compounds fit well into hERα and PI3Kα receptor binding sites, forming stable complexes with binding energies in ranges of −9.04 to −5.02 kcal mol−1 (hERα receptor) and −8.84 to −5.97 kcal mol−1 (PI3Kα receptor). The compounds exhibited appreciable drug likeness predicted using SwissADME. Conclusion The studies showed that the isolated compounds could be used for the development of anticancer therapies.

Over 1.4 million new cases of prostate cancer (PCa) and 375,304 deaths were recorded in 2020. Piper guineense Schum and Thonn is used to treat various diseases including cancer. Three triterpenoid saponins namely guineenosides (Guin) A, B C were recently isolated from this plant. This study marks the initial documentation of the anticancer potential of these compounds. Anti-cell growth (MTT), proliferation (CCK-8), clonogenic assays were evaluated. Furthermore, the most potent compound (Guin-B) was investigated for its potential to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell migration/invasion as well as cell adhesion. Some key proteins in cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. Out of the 3 saponins isolated from P. guineense, Guin-B exhibited significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of PC3 (IC50 =10 µg/mL or 4.82 × 10− 6 µM) and LNCaP (IC50 = 8 µg/mL or 3.86 × 10− 6 µM) cell growth and proliferation as well as a potent inhibition (p < 0.001) of PC3 cell clone formation. Guin-B induced a potent (near 50

Background Ficus umbellata Vahl is one of the plants used in Cameroonian empirical system to treat cancer. Previous studies have shown its cytotoxic potential on mammary and ovarian cancer cells, and its chemopreventive potential against ovarian cancer in rats. The aim of this work was to determine the bioactive constituents of F. umbellata Vahl and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action of the promising one. Methods F. umbellata stem bark extract was partitioned and bioguided-fractionation was performed using MTS assay on breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and ovarian (Hey, Hey-Cis, PA-1 and OAW-42) cancer cell lines. Further, isolates were purified, characterized and tested. The most active compound was investigated on cell growth, cell proliferation, formation of clones, cell death mechanisms, caspase-3 activity, wound healing, chemotaxis and cell adhesion. Moreover, the expression of proteins related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and MAP-kinase were also measured using Western blot. Results Out of the 4 isolates, C1 (alpha-amyrin-acetate) had significant cytotoxic potential on MDA-MB-231 (similar to 10 mu g/mL), Hey-Cis (10.59) and PA-1 (13.18 mu g/mL). Further, it reduced MDA-MB 231 cell growth (p < 0.01) and proliferation (p < 0.05), as well as clone formation (p <0.001) at 10 g/mL. C1 increased the number of apoptotic cells by 50 % at 5 mu g/mL and 65 % at 10 mu g/mL, accompanied by an increase (p < 0.05) in caspase-3 activity. It inhibited cell migration/invasion (p < 0.01) and increased their adherence to collagen and fibronectin. It promoted the cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, increased E-cadherin, and significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited both vimentin and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated activation. Conclusion In sum alpha-amyrin-acetate is at least partly responsible for F. umbellata cytotoxic effect mediated through proapoptotic response and protection against Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

OBJECTIVES:The incidence of cancer, a second leading cause of death globally, continues to rise steadily, and could reach 28.4 million cases by 2040, if no action is taken. Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer in men globally following lung cancer, accounted for 1,414,259 new cases and led to 375,304 deaths in 2022. Chemotherapy and surgery remain the major treatments however, they are associated with side effects. In this study, the anticancer potentials of ten (10) isoflavonoids from Millettia griffoniana Bail was explored. METHODS:Anti-cell growth (MTT), proliferative (CCK-8) and clonogenic effects of these isoflavonoids were investigated. Furthermore, the most potent compound (isojamaicin) was investigated for its potential to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell migration/invasion and cell adhesion. RESULTS:Out of the 10 isoflavonoids isolated from M. griffoniana, isojamaicin significantly inhibited PC3 and LNCaP cell growth and proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. It also significantly (p<0.001) inhibited PC3 cell clone formation. It induced a potent (near 40 %) increment of apoptotic cell population in PC3 cells at both 30 and 60 μg/mL; which was followed by a notable increase in caspase-3 activity. Isojamaicin induced potent inhibition of PC3 cell invasion/migration and increased adhesion of PC3 cells to the extracellular matrix (collagen). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides an unprecedented report of the anti-prostate cancer potential of isojamaicin and its possible underlying mechanisms. It merits further in vivo research to support the in vitro findings.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Regardless of recent research on cancer treatment, the incidence and mortality are still increasing. PCa is the most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of death in men worldwide. Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridl.) K. Schum. is traditionally used in Cameroon to treat various illnesses including inflammatory diseases and cancer. Previous experiments in vitro have indicated that the crude extract possesses cytotoxic properties against multifactorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the plant is rich in diterpeniods, which are potential candidates in cancer treatment. However, there is no scientific investigation on the preventive effects of its leaf essential oil against prostate cancer in Wistar rats. AIM OF THE STUDY:To investigate the preventive effects of A. alboviolaceum leaf essential oil against benzo(a)pyrene -induced PCa in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS:49 male rats were used in this experiment and PCa was induced in 35 rats by successive administration of bicalutamide(oral), testosterone(subcutaneous) and benzo(a)pyrene(intraprostatic), except those in the sham operated and pharmacological group. The rats were distributed into the normal (SHAM) and negative (BENZO) control groups which received 0.1 % tween 80, positive control group (CASO) was treated with casodex. Three therapeutic groups were treated with A. alboviolaceum leaf essential oil at doses of 10, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. To evaluate the toxicity of the oil, a pharmacological group treated exclusively with A. alboviolaceum leaf essential oil without carcinogen at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW was added. Animals were treated for 210days, after which tumor incidence, tumor burden and volume, Serum PSA' level, antioxidant and inflammatory status, liver and kidney biomarkers and histopathology were assessed. The acute toxicity of the oil was assessed using the classical oral toxicity test for 14 days. RESULTS:After 210 days of treatment, six out of seven animals in the negative control group (treated with B(a)P) developed tumors, corresponding to a tumor incidence of 87 %. Similarly, a significant increase in the concentrations of pro-oxidants (MDA and nitrites) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and TGF-β1) was observed compared to the normal control group. A. Alboviolaceum, just like Casodex, prevented B(a)P-induced tumorigenesis by significantly reducing tumor incidence to 14 % at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Similarly, it was observed that this essential oil led a significant decrease in the levels of pro-oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with an increase in the concentrations of antioxidants (SOD, Catalase and GSH) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and GM-CSF) cytokines. No major signs of toxicity were observed throughout the experiment. No significant variation in the masses of the liver, spleen, ALAT and activities as well as creatinine levels were observed.

Phytochemical analysis of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract from Sclerocarya birrea inner bark led to the identification of three compounds: a novel glycoside, 3α-sorbithoxyglucose (1), and two known compounds, retusasterol (2) and β-sitosterol-3-O-D-glycoside (3), isolated for the first time from this plant. Structural elucidation via NMR confirmed their identities. Cytotoxicity studies against MCF7 breast cancer and DU145, PC3, LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines revealed that compounds 1 and 2 lacked inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, while retusasterol exhibited cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 38 μg/mL (DU145), 40 μg/mL (PC3), and 32 μg/mL (LNCaP). However, further analysis indicated that retusasterol promoted tumour cell proliferation. Antimicrobial screening of 3α-sorbithoxyglucose against Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed MIC values of 15.625-250 μg/mL, suggesting potential as an antimicrobial agent compared to standard antibiotics.

A previously undescribed isoflavone derivative, abyssinicanone (1), and two known flavonoids, including abyssinoflavanone V (2) and sigmoidin C (3), were isolated from Erythrina abyssinica stem bark. Abyssinicanone's structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses and x-ray crystallography. The isolated compounds were screened against bacterial and fungal strains. Moreover, antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH free radical test, and a 3-day uterotrophy assay was employed to assay estrogenic activity in rats. Abyssinicanone showed moderate inhibitory activity against a spectrum of bacteria with a MIC of 125 mu g/mL. Compound 1 incubation with three fungi inhibited their growth with MIC values of 31.25, 62.50, and 125 mu g/mL, respectively. Abyssinicanone exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH free radicals with a radical scavenging percentage of 6.41% at 40 mu g/mL. The treatment of ovariectomized rats with 2.5 mg/kg of abyssinicanone restored the hormonal decline caused by ovary ablation prior to treatment. The uterine weight loss and the vaginal epithelial height were also restored as compared with the negative control group. Rats treated with compound 1 did not induce an estrogenic response in the endometrium and in mammary glands. Overall, these results demonstrate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and estrogenic activities of abyssinicanone, a novel compound from Erythrina abyssinica stem bark.

Prostate cancer (PC) therapy is fraught with various limitations, underscoring the urgency for new therapeutic approaches. Cola lateritia K. Schum is a medicinal plant traditionally used against prostate ailments. This finding aimed to assess Cola lateritia isolates' cytotoxic potential and investigate their potential underlying mechanisms. Through column chromatography, the C. lateritia twigs dichloromethane-methanol extract of was fractionated, yielding eleven known compounds. The later were subsequently tested in cell growth, cell proliferation and/or cell migration/invasion. Among these, compounds (3) and (4) exhibited substantial, concentration-driven inhibition of cell growth [DU145 (CC50 of 25 and 22 mu g/ml), PC3 (CC50 of 22 and 21 mu g/ ml), and LNCaP (CC50 of 17 and 18 mu g/ml), respectively], cell proliferation (DU145 cells), and the formation of cell clones (DU145 cells). These compounds also induced an increased proportion of apoptotic cells at 2.5 and 10 mu g/ml in DU145 ( 25%) and LNCaP ( 35%) cells, as well as an increment in the G0/G1 phase arrested cells versus control. Both compounds (3) and (4) demonstrated an anti-migratory effect, decreased collagen and fibronectin cell adhesion. Compound (3) down-regulated proteins such as cdk1, cdk2, pcdk2, cyclin A, Bcl-2, and vimentin, while concurrently up-regulating p19, p27, p53, Bax, caspase-3, and E-cad proteins. Additionally, it elevated ,B-1 and ,B-4 integrins at 2.5 and 10 mu g/ml concentrations. The anticancer potential of Cola lateritia is attributed to oleanic acid (3) and maslinic acid (4), which exhibit the potential to impede cell growth by initiating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and exert an anti-migratory impact. (c) 2025 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is a major public health issue. In 2022, approximately 4,207 new cases and 2,285 deaths were reported in Cameroon. Given the limited accessibility and various issues associated with conventional treatments, herbal medicine has emerged as a promising alternative. AIMS:This study aimed to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of naturally occurring compounds isolated from Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. METHODS AND RESULTS:This was done by fractionating the methanolic extract of T. ivorensis and purifying the constituents obtained using conventional chromatographic techniques. Thereafter, the crude extract and its 5 isolates were subjected to in vitro MTT bioassay to assess their potential to kill human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the potential of the most active compound (arjunolic acid) to mitigate DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats was tested. Treatments were administered for a period of 121 days; the group of rats treated with arjunolic acid (1 mg/kg) was compared to the group that received tamoxifen at 3.3 mg/kg (standard), as well as to the normal and negative control groups. Key parameters assessed included survival, tumor burden, cytokine profiles, as well as hematological, hepatic, and renal functions. Out of the 5 isolates [lupeol (1), betulinic acid (2), Arjunolic acid (3), 3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) 3,3',4'-Tri-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (5)] from T. ivorensis, compound (3) had the most significant inhibitory effect against breast cancer cells growth with an average CC50 of 20 μg/mL. In vivo, a significant reduction (~89%) in tumor burden and favorable modulation of inflammation, characterized by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, VEGF) and an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 was observed. Moreover, treatment with arjunolic acid led to improved survival and maintenance of body weight, without inducing any notable adverse effects. CONCLUSION:Arjunolic acid should receive more attention as a candidate for an effective therapeutic option, combining anticancer effects with beneficial anti-inflammatory activity. We encourage further studies on this compound to better understand its mode and mechanism of action.

ABSTRACT Introduction. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), breast cancer has a prevalence of 54.5% and patients face difficulties in accessing healthcare facilities and medications. This study evaluated the prevalence, types, factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among breast cancer patients. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Oncology department of the Yaoundé General Hospital. A semi-structured survey was administered to breast cancer patients to collect sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic information, along with data on CAM use. Recent CA 15-3 data were extracted from patients' medical records and compared with measurements obtained during the study. Results. One hundred and forty-eight patients were recruited, with an average age of 47.7 ± 10.73 years; the age range of 44 to 54 years (35.81%) was the most represented. Invasive ductal carcinoma (62.16%) was the predominant histological type, chemotherapy was the most common treatment (58.09%), and adverse effects were reported by 68.91% (102/148) of participants. The prevalence of CAM use was 61.48% (91/148), represented by medicinal plants such as Hibiscus sabdariffa (12.03%), Annona muricata (9.77%), and Gnetum africanum (9.4%). CAM use was correlated with professional status (p=0.04), chemotherapy (p=0.03), and the occurrence of adverse effects (p=0.0002). A non-significant decrease of CA 15-3 level was observed. Conclusion. More than half of the participants used CAM, primarily based on medicinal plants. The combination of CAM and conventional medicine could improve the quality of life for patients with breast cancer. RÉSUMÉ Introduction. En Afrique sub-saharienne la prévalence du cancer du sein est de 54,5%, et les patientes ont des difficultés à accéder aux soins de santé. Ce travail a évalué la prévalence, les types, les facteurs associés à l’utilisation des médecines alternatives et complémentaires (MAC). Méthodes. Cette étude descriptive transversale prospective a été menée au service d’Oncologie de l’Hôpital Général de Yaoundé. Elle a concerné les patientes atteintes du cancer du sein dont les informations sociodémographiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et celles liées à l’utilisation de la MAC ont été collectées. Les données récentes du CA 15-3 des participantes ont été extraites des dossiers médicaux, et mesurées expérimentalement pendant l’étude. Résultats. Cent quarante-huit patientes ont été recrutées dont l’âge moyen était de 47,7 ± 10,73 ans, l’intervalle de 44 à 54 (35,81%) était le plus représenté. Le carcinome canalaire infiltrant (62,16%) était le type histologique majoritaire, la chimiothérapie le traitement le plus utilisé (58,09%) et les effets indésirables ont concerné 68,91% (102/148) participantes. La prévalence d’utilisation de la MAC était de 61,48% (91/148) avec Hibiscus sabdariffa (12,03%), Annona muricata (9,77%) et Gnetum africanum (9,4%). L’utilisation de la MAC était corrélée au statut professionnel (p=0.04), à la chimiothérapie (p=0.03) et la survenue d’effets indésirables (p=0.0002). Une diminution non-significative du CA 15-3 a été observée. Conclusion. Plus de la moitié des patientes utilisent la MAC à l’Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, principalement à base de plantes médicinales. L’association de la MAC et la médecine conventionnelle est une piste à explorer pouvant améliorer la qualité de vie des patientes.

Research in nutrigenomics highlights the ability of nutrients to modulate oxidative stress and reduce free radical production, playing a key role in chronic disease prevention and management, particularly cancer. Nutraceuticals, especially polyherbal blends, offer enhanced bioactivity due to synergistic interactions among phytochemical constituents. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities, and nutritional value of two polyherbal nutraceutical formulations, BobyGuard A (BGA) and BobyGuard B (BGB). Formulations were prepared using Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Dioscorea bulbifera, Spirulina platensis, Adansonia digitata, and Brassica oleracea. Standardization included assessments of phytochemical profiles, organoleptic, and physicochemical characteristics. Proximate composition, vitamin C, and mineral contents were measured, and LC–MS/MS was employed for the tentative identification of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, OH, FRAP, and TAC assays. Both formulations shared similar qualitative phytochemical profiles, with phenols and flavonoids consistently detected. Quantitatively, BGA showed significantly higher (p<0.05) levels of vitamin C, manganese, copper, sulfur, tannins, water and alcohol extractives, and total antioxidant capacity. Conversely, BGB exhibited higher protein, crude fiber, potassium, total phenols (6580.36 ± 238.10 mg GAE/100 g DM), flavonoids (1107.27 ± 9.74 mg QuE/100 g DM), carotenoids (403.52 ± 5.35 mg/100 g DM), and stronger antioxidant activities (OH: 86.03 ± 0.71%; DPPH: 91.09 ± 0.45%). LC–MS/MS identified 50 compounds in BGA and 53 in BGB, including curcumin, piperine, catechin, and pheophytin b. BGB’s superior antioxidant activity and richer phytochemical profile suggest stronger potential to mitigate oxidative stress and related cellular damage. In contrast, BGA’s elevated mineral content, particularly copper and manganese, may enhance enzymatic functions involved in metabolic and redox homeostasis. These findings highlight the distinct yet complementary therapeutic roles of both formulations, supporting their use in chronic disease prevention and management strategies.

Breast cancer incidence and mortality rate in Cameroonian women is incredibly high, thus there is need for more effective therapy. Xylopia aethiopica dry fruits are traditionally used for both nutritional and medicinal purposes, including the management of diverse ailments such as cancer. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-mammary cancer potential of X. aethiopica. The cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of X. aethiopica dry fruits was assessed at different concentrations against MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cells using the MTT assay. Additionally, clone formation, apoptosis/necrosis, cell adhesion, cell migration, and chemotaxis were examined. Furthermore, the chemo-preventive potential of X. aethiopica dry fruit extract (XAE) was evaluated on breast tumors induced by DMBA in 42 female rats of age 45-55 days (~80 g). The normal (NOR) and negative (DMBA) control groups were daily treated with the vehicle, while the positive (Tamox) and test (XAE) groups were administered tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg) and X. aethiopica extract (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW), respectively for 20 weeks. Parameters such as tumor volume and burden, tumor incidence, CA 15-3 serum level, inflammatory status, antioxidant and histopathology were evaluated. X. aethiopica significantly (p < 0.05) decreased ER+ (MCF-7) and ER- (MDA-MB 231) breast adenocarcinoma cell growth from 12.5 to 100 μg/mL after 72 h. At the 100 μg/mL concentration, clone formation, cell proliferation, and migration were notably decreased in MDA-MB 231 cells after 48 h, while there was an observed rise in cell adhesion to the collagen extracellular matrix. Additionally, there was a rise in apoptotic cell count (p < 0.01) and caspase-3 activity (p < 0.05) observed in MDA-MB 231 cells following exposure to XAE at 100 μg/mL. XAE, across all tested doses, demonstrated significant reductions in tumor incidence, burden, and volume, akin to tamoxifen, compared to untreated rats (DMBA). Furthermore, there was an elevation in antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6) observed at all tested doses. Overall, X. aethiopica dry fruit displays anticancer potential through caspase-3-dependent apoptosis pathways, alongside antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Despite efforts, breast cancer remains associated with a high incidence and mortality rate. Ricinodendron heudelotii also known as “Njansang,” is a plant used for cancer treatment. While several reports on the anticancer potential of its leaves exist, little is known about its seed oil. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer activity of “Njansang” seed oil. The inhibitory effect of “Njansang” seed oil was determined using MTT and CCK-8 dye reduction assays. Breast cancer was induced with DMBA and promoted with E2V (1 mg/kg) for 4 weeks in ovariectomized rats (menopausal condition). Evaluated parameters included tumor incidence, tumor mass and volume, histopathology, breast cancer biomarker CA 15–3, antioxidant status (CAT, GSH, MDA, NO, SOD), TNF-α and INFγ levels, lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol), as well as toxicity parameters (ALT, AST, creatinine). “Njansang” oil significantly reduced the growth of ER+ (MCF-7) and triple negative (MDA-MB 231) adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as tumor incidence, tumor mass and CA 15–3 levels in vivo. It exhibited antioxidant activity, characterized by an increase in SOD and catalase activities, GSH levels and decreased MDA levels compared to the DMBA group. TNF-α and INF-γ levels were reduced following oil treatment, while total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced. The aforementioned findings confirm the protective effects of “Njansang” oil on induced breast cancer in ovariectomized rats.