The aim of review. To analyze modern approach to pathogenesis of Crohn's diseases (CD), to determine effect of individual immunogenetic factors on development and progression of disease, in particular, in relation to HLA profile.Summary. Series of the population studies, confirming association of HLA antigens with human diseases were carried out. Main histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays the leading role in immune response as well as in development of CD, therefore occurrence of disease is related to changes at genetic level. Many studies indicate relation of Crohn's disease to specific genes of HLA-system. Hence, scientists of USA, Canada, Spain, Finland confirmed association of HLA-DRB1*0103 allele with development of CD, as well as with course of inflammatory bowel diseases and their complications. Important role in development of Crohn's disease in different countries is played by specific groups of alleles. In Israel interrelation of CD with DR15, in Germany — with HLA-DRB1*0701, in China — with HLA-Cw*12, in Japan — with HLA-DRB1*0405 and 0410 was established. Associations with clinical forms of disease was found, in particular in Italy presence of DRB1*0304, DRB1*0305, DRB1*0307, DRB1*0309 is linked to total involvement of the large intestine, in Spain presence of HLA-DRB1*07 — with terminal ileitis at CD, HLA-DRB1*0103 — with colitis. It has been demonstrated, that certain HLA-haplotypes have stronger association with Crohn's disease. For example, in Japan presence of Cw*1202-B*5201-DRB1*1502 haplotype reduces the risk of CD development. In Russia these studies are less concerned and were carried out by serological HLA typing methods. So, development of Crohn's disease was associated with B14, DR3 and DR5.Conclusion. Presented ambiguous results are caused, first of all, by ethnic differences and different frequency of some alleles in different populations. Thus, assessment of predisposition and resistance to Crohn's disease requires detection of HLA-markers in each specific population group.

Aim: to study immunogenetic markers of predisposition to the development and protection for Crohn's disease in adults population of the Moscow region. Material and methods. The study included 53 samples of peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease in the Moscow region. The control group was represented by 1,700 samples of umbilical cord blood is healthy newborns. Revealing HLA antigens at low level performed by SSO method on DynalRELI 48 processor. The results received with ambiguous interpretation was using PCR-SSP method (Ivitrogen). Results. Were found the positive and negative associations of groups of HLA alleles with clinical form, the course of Crohn's disease and response to steroid treatment, in particular revealed that, predisposition to the development for Crohn's disease in women and with sensitivity to steroid treatment in this disease associated allele group C*12, to the characteristic restricting markers such as Crohn's disease include the В 38 and A*11 markers nonrestricting, nonpenetrating noninflammatory type groups are alleles B*56 and C*14 and C*14 is also associated with the risk of Crohn's disease in men, characteristic markers of protection to the development of the disease crown with chronic relapsing and severe clinical course are DQB1*02 and DQB1*03, respectively. Conclusion. These results demonstrate the need for studies of gene polymorphism HLA-system, not only in relation to the disease in general, but in selected patients with clinical groups.

Certain groups of HLA gene alleles play an important role in emergence of acquired aplastic anemia (AAA). We studied HLA antigens in Slavic children with AAA of different clinical forms, severity, and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The study was carried out in 147 children With AAA. The reference group was formed from 1700 specimens of umbilical blood from healthy newborns. HLA genotyping showed that DRB1*15 and B*51 were common markers of liability to idiopathic aplastic anemia for boys from the age of 14 years and girls aged under 14 years; characteristic markers were DQB1*06 for girls aged under 14 years and B*08, B*40, DRB1*03 for boys aged under 14 years. A common marker of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys and to severe AAA, including the disease sensitive to combined IST, was HLA-DRB1*15; characteristic markers of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys were B*08, B*14, and DRB1*03. These results suggested a novel view on the available models of AAA pathogenesis.

Aim: to study immunogenetic markers of predisposition to the development and protection for Crohn's disease in adults population of the Moscow region. Material and methods. The study included 53 samples of peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease in the Moscow region. The control group was represented by 1,700 samples of umbilical cord blood is healthy newborns. Revealing HLA antigens at low level performed by SSO method on DynalRELI 48 processor. The results received with ambiguous interpretation was using PCR-SSP method (Ivitrogen). Results. Were found the positive and negative associations of groups of HLA alleles with clinical form, the course of Crohn's disease and response to steroid treatment, in particular revealed that, predisposition to the development for Crohn's disease in women and with sensitivity to steroid treatment in this disease associated allele group C*12, to the characteristic restricting markers such as Crohn's disease include the В 38 and A*11 markers nonrestricting, nonpenetrating noninflammatory type groups are alleles B*56 and C*14 and C*14 is also associated with the risk of Crohn's disease in men, characteristic markers of protection to the development of the disease crown with chronic relapsing and severe clinical course are DQB1*02 and DQB1*03, respectively. Conclusion. These results demonstrate the need for studies of gene polymorphism HLA-system, not only in relation to the disease in general, but in selected patients with clinical groups.

Certain groups of HLA gene alleles play an important role in emergence of acquired aplastic anemia (AAA). We studied HLA antigens in Slavic children with AAA of different clinical forms, severity, and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The study was carried out in 147 children with AAA. The reference group was formed from 1700 specimens of umbilical blood from healthy newborns. HLA genotyping showed that DRB1*15 and B*51 were common markers of liability to idiopathic aplastic anemia for boys from the age of 14 years and girls aged under 14 years; characteristic markers were dQB1*06 for girls aged under 14 years and B*08, B*40, DRB1*03 for boys aged under 14 years. A common marker of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys and to severe AAA, including the disease sensitive to combined 1ST, was HLa-DRB1*15; characteristic markers of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys were B*08, B*14, and DRB1*03. These results suggested a novel view on the available models of AAA pathogenesis.

The multitude of carried out population studies resulted in confirmation of association of HLA-antigens with human diseases. The ulcerative colitis is belongs to the group of chronic inflammatory diseases of intestine. The etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is still quite contradictory. The article considers actual approach to pathogenesis of development of ulcerative colitis. The material demonstrates impact of individual immunogenotypic factors on origin and development of disease and specifically relationship with particular profile of HLA-system.

The article presents the results of the study of the genetic polymorphism of HLA-antigens in 65 adult patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) living in Moscow region. It was found that certain groups of HLA alleles are associated with the pathogenesis of UC. Immunogenetic factors of predisposition and sustainability to this disease depending on gender and age were revealed. The relationship of immunogenetic factors with clinical forms of the disease, course of the UC and response to therapy with glucocorticoids were shown.

Прогресс в области трансплантации аллогенных гемо-поэтических стволовых клеток (ГСК) пуповинной крови неразрывно был связан с развитием банков пуповинной крови, созданных для обеспечения систематического сбора, тестирования, обработки, хранения, организации подбора и выдачи образцов пуповинной крови для трансплантации. Целью исследования была разработка алгоритма работы Московского банка-регистра безвозмездных неродственных доноров ГСК пуповинной крови. В статье охарактеризованы биологические характеристики всех образцов пуповинной крови, внесенные в регистр безвозмездных доноров Московского банка стволовых клеток (на 1 криокон-сервированный образец пуповинной крови). Показано, что небольшое количество безвозмездных неродственных доноров ГСК пуповинной крови в базе данных регистра позволяет подобрать совместимую (6/6) пару донор-реципиент с частотой вероятности 1:151. Предложенный алгоритм работы Московского банка-регистра рекомендуется использовать при создании, усовершенствовании и работе других банков-регистров безвозмездных неродственных доноров ГСК пуповинной крови.