Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 236, Issue 1 p. 244-251 DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO S. AUREUS AND ITS USES Stuart Mudd, Stuart Mudd Department of Community Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this authorMehdi Shayegani, Mehdi Shayegani Division of Laboratories and Research State of New York Department of Health Albany, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Stuart Mudd, Stuart Mudd Department of Community Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this authorMehdi Shayegani, Mehdi Shayegani Division of Laboratories and Research State of New York Department of Health Albany, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb41495.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume236, Issue1Recent Advances in Staphylococcal ResearchJuly 1974Pages 244-251 RelatedInformation

Journal Article Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance in Vitro in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Coumadin Get access Samuel J. De Courey, Jr., Samuel J. De Courey, Jr. From the U.S. Veterans Administration and Philadelphia General Hospitals, and Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Madelyn M. Barr, Madelyn M. Barr From the U.S. Veterans Administration and Philadelphia General Hospitals, and Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William S. Blakemore, William S. Blakemore From the U.S. Veterans Administration and Philadelphia General Hospitals, and Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stuart Mudd Stuart Mudd From the U.S. Veterans Administration and Philadelphia General Hospitals, and Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 1971, Pages 11–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/123.1.11 Published: 01 January 1971 Article history Received: 31 March 1970 Revision received: 11 June 1970 Published: 01 January 1971

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Immunologically Active Cell Wall Peptide Polymer of Staphylococcus aureus*Kazuhito Hisatsune, Samuel J. De Courcy, Jr., and Stuart MuddCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 2, 595–603Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00854a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Carbohydrate-Peptide Fraction of the Centrifugal Supernatants of Staphylococcus aureus Cultures*Kazuhito Hisatsune, Samuel J. De Courcy, Jr., and Stuart MuddCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 2, 586–594Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00854a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00854a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 128, Issue 1 p. 45-58 CAPSULATION, PSEUDOCAPSULATION, AND THE SOMATIC ANTIGENS OF THE SURFACE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Stuart Mudd, Stuart Mudd U. S. Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this author Stuart Mudd, Stuart Mudd U. S. Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1965 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb11628.xCitations: 18AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 MORSE, S. I. 1962. Isolation and properties of a surface antigen of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Exptl. Med. 115: 295– 311. 2 LENHART, N. A., I. W. LI, S. J. DE COURCY, JR. & S. MUDD. 1962. Non-mucoid mutant of the encapsulated Smith strain of Staphybcoccus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 83: 1165– 1166. 3 LI, I. W., S. MUDD & F. A. KAPRAL. 1963. Dissociation of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphybcoccus aureus by human blood leukocytes. J. Immunol. 90: 804– 809. 4 COHN, Z. A. & S. I. MORSE. 1959. Interactions between rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes and staphylococci. J. Exptl. Med. 110: 419– 443. 5 GILBERT, I. 1931. Dissociation in an encapsulated staphylococcus. J. Bacteriol. 21: 157– 160. 6 FISHER, S. 1960. A heat stable protective staphylococcal antigen. Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci. 38: 479– 485. 7 FISHER, M. W., H. B. DEVLIN & A. L. ERLANDSON. 1963. A new staphylococcal antigen. Its preparation and immunizing activity against experimental infections. Nature 199: 1074– 1076. 8 HASKELL, T. H. & S. HANESSIAN. 1964. The purification and characterization of a new active immunizing polysaccharide prepared from Staphylococcus aureus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 83: 35– 41. 9 SALL, T., S. MUDD & J. TAUBLER. 1961. Concerning the surfaces of cells of Staphylococcus pyogenes. 1. A pseudocapsulation phenomenon under certain experimental conditions. J. Exptl. Med. 113: 693– 700. 10 SALL, T. 1962. Interrelationship of extracellular enzymes and pseudocapsulation in a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 83: 1238– 1243. 11 PRICE, K. M. & Y. KNEELAND. 1954. A mucoid form of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus which shows capsular swelling with specific immune serum. J. Bacteriol. 67: 472– 475. 12 PRICE, K. M. & Y. KNEELAND. 1956. Further studies of the phenomenon of capsular swelling of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus in the presence of immune serum. J. Bacteriol. 71: 229– 230. 13 WILEY, B. B. 1961. A new virulence test for Staphybcoccus aureus and its application to encapsulated strains. Can. J. Microbiol. 7: 933– 943. 14 WILEY, B. B. & J. C. WONNACOTT. 1962. Isolation and partial characterization of a capsular material from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 83: 1169– 1176. 15 WILEY, B. B. 1963. The incidence of encapsulated staphylococci and anticapsular antibodies in normal humans. Can. J. Microbiol. 9: 27– 32. 16 WILEY, B. B. 1964. Virulence and encapsulation in hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteriol. Proc.: 76. 17 LÖFKVIST, T. & J. SJÖQUIST. 1962. Chemical and serological analyses of antigen preparations from Staphybcoccus aureus. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 56: 295– 304. 18 LENHART, N. A., S. MUDD, A. YOSHIDA & I. W. LI. 1963. The common protein agglutinogen of Staphylococcus aureus. 1. Distribution in international serotypes and corresponding antibody in human populations. J. Immunol. 91: 771– 776. 19 YOSHIDA, A., S. MUDD & N. A. LENHART. 1963. The common protein agglutinogen of Staphylococcus aureus. 11. Purification, chemical characterization, and serologic comparison with Jensen's antigen. J. Immunol. 91: 777– 782. 20 BADDILEY, J., J. G. BUCHANAN, R. O. MARTIN & U. L. RAJBHANDARY. 1962. Teichoic acid from the walls of Staphylococcus aureus H. Biochem. J. 85: 49– 56. 21 BADDILEY, J. 1962. Teichoic acids and related compounds in bacteria. J. Roy. Inst. Chem. 86: 366– 373. 22 SANDERSON, A. R., J. L. STROMINGER & S. G. NATHENSON. 1962. Chemical structure of teichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus, strain Copenhagen. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 3603– 3613. 23 NATHENSON, S. G. & J. L. STROMINGER. 1962. Enzymatic synthesis and immuno-chemistry of N-acetylglucosaminylribitol linkages in the teichoic acids of Staphylococcus aureus strains. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 3839– 3841. 24 MORSE, S. I. 1962. Studies on the chemistry and immunochemistry of cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Exptl. Med. 116: 229– 245. 25 MUDD, S., A. YOSHIDA, I. W. LI & N. A. LENHART. 1963. Identification of a somatic antigen of Staphylococcus aureus critical for phagocytosis by human blood leucocytes. Nature 199: 1200– 1201. 26 OEDING, P. 1960. Antigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteriol. Rev. 24: 374– 396. 27 COHEN, J. O. & P. OEDING. 1962. Serological typing of Staphylococci by means of fluorescent antibodies. I. Development of specific reagents for seven serological factors. J. Bacteriol. 84: 735– 741. 28 OEDING, P. & G. HAUKENES. 1963. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus antigens and antibodies by means of the gel precipitation technique. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. scand. 57: 438– 450. 29 MORSE, S. I. 1962. Studies in the interactions between components of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus bacteriophage. J. Exptl. Med. 116: 247– 251. 30 KOENIG, M. G. 1962. Factors relating to the virulence of staphylococci. I. Comparative studies of two colonial variants. Yale J. Biol. Med. 34: 537– 559. 31 ROGERS, D. E. & M. A. MELLY. 1962. Observations on the immunology of pathogenic staphylococci. Yale J. Biol. Med. 34: 560– 581. 32 KOENIG, M. G., M. A. MELLY & D. E. ROGERS. 1962. Factors relating to the virulence of staphylococci. II. Observations on four mouse-pathogenic strains. J. Exptl. Med. 116: 589– 599. 33 KOENIG, M. G., M. A. MELLY & D. E. ROGERS. 1962. Factors relating to the virulence of staphylococci. III. Antibacterial versus antitoxic immunity. J. Exptl. Med. 116: 601– 610. 34 ROGERS, D. E. & M. A. MELLY. 1960. Further observations on the behavior of staphylococci within human leucocytes. J. Exptl. Med. 111: 533– 558. 35 ROGERS, D. E. 1960. Host mechanisms which act to remove bacteria from the blood stream. Bacteriol. Rev. 24: 50– 66. 36 BIGGER, J. W., C. R. BOLAND & R. A. Q. O'MEARA. 1927. Variant colonies of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 30: 261– 269. 37 ETINGER-TULCZYNSKA, R. 1933. Bakterienkapseln und "Quellungsreaktion. Z. Hyg. Infek. 114: 769– 789. 38 MUDD, S., F. HEINMETS & T. F. ANDERSON. 1943. Bacterial morphology as shown by the electron microscope. VI. Capsule, cell-wall and inner protoplasm of pneumococcus Type III. J. Bacteriol. 46: 205– 211. 39 KLIENEBERGER-NOBEL, E. 1948. Capsules and mucoid envelopes of bacteria. J. Hyg. 46: 345– 348. 40 WILSON, G. S. & A. A. MILES. 1964. Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity. 5th edit. 1: 31. Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore , Md . 41 WOOD, JR., W. B.. 1960. Phagocytosis, with particular reference to encapsulated bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev. 24: 41– 49. 42 MUDD, S. & S. J. DE COURCY, JR. 1965. The interaction of viscid material of Staphylococcus aureus with specific immune serum. J. Bacteriol. 89: 874– 879. 43 SHIMIZU, T., B. W. GRIFFITHS & L. GREENBERG. 1963. Serological and immunological studies with staphylococci using soft agar technique. Can. J. Microbiol. 9: 93– 101. 44 DE COURCY, JR, S. J. & S. MUDD. Unpublished data. 45 YOSHIDA, A., C.-G. HEDÉN, B. CEDERGREN & A. EDEBO. 1961. A method for the preparation of undigested bacterial cell walls. J. Biochem. Microbiol. Tech. Engr. 3: 151– 159. 46 OEDING, P. & R. E. O. WILLIAMS. 1958. The type classification of Staphylococcus aureus: A comparison of phage-typing with serological typing. J. Hyg. 56: 445– 454. 47 COHEN, J. O., P. B. SMITH, E. B. SHOTTS, M. BORIS & E. L. UPDYKE. 1963. Detection of implanted Staphylococcus aureus strain. Am. J. Dis. Children 105: 689– 691. 48 HAUKENES, G. 1962. Immunochemical studies on polysaccharide A of Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 55: 308, 450, 463. 49 TORII, M., E. A. KABAT & A. E. BEZER. 1964. Separation of teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus into two immunologically distinct specific polysaccharides with α- and β-N-acetylglucosaminyl linkages respectively. Antigenicity of teichoic acids in man. J. Exptl. Med. 120: 13– 29. 50 SHAYEGANI, M. G., F. A. KAPRAL & S. MUDD. 1964. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human and rabbit blood leucocytes. J. Immunol. 93: 88– 93. 51 LI, I. W. & S. MUDD. 1965. The heat-labile serum factor associated with intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Immunol. (in press). 52 SHAYEGANI, M. G. & S. MUDD. In preparation. 53 ZUCKER-FRANKLIN, D. & J. G. HIRSCH. 1964. Electron microscopic studies on the degranulation of rabbit peritoneal leukocytes during phagocytosis. J. Exptl. Med. 120: 569– 576. 54 ROGERS, D. E. 1962. Staphylococci and man. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 181: 38– 40. 55 MUDD, S., G. P. GLADSTONE & N. A. LENHART. The antigenicity in man of staphylococcal leucocidin toxoid, with notes on therapeutic immunization in chronic osteomyelitis. Submitted to Brit. J. Exper. Path. 56 MUDD, S., G. P. GLADSTONE, N. A. LENHART & H. D. HOCHSTEIN. 1962. Titrations of antibodies against α-haemolysin and the components of staphylococcal leucocidin in human subjects following immunization. Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 43: 313– 319. 57 SMITH, D. T., N. CONANT & J. R. OBERMAN. 1964. Zinsser Microbiology. 13th edit.: 449. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. New York , N. Y. 58 MACKANESS, G. B. 1964. The immunological basis of acquired cellular resistance. J. Exptl. Med. 120: 105– 120. Citing Literature Volume128, Issue1The Staphylococci: Ecologic PerspectivesJuly 1965Pages 45-58 ReferencesRelatedInformation

One might ask, "If mitochondrial equivalents exist in mature cells of sporeforming bacteria, are they present during germination of the spore? Are they incorporated into the spore when it is formed?" We have attempted to answer these questions in Bacillus megaterium, using the media, techniques, etc., described in another communication (Sall, Mudd, and Payne, J. Bacteriol., 74,794-800). Similar results were obtained during germination studies on both basal salts agar and nutrient agar; nutrient agar alone was used for sporogenesis studies. Sudanophilic granules were not visible in spores immediately after activation by heating for 10 min to 60 C in the presence of 0.01 to 0.001 MnCl2. When spores were subsequently plated on agar media for less than 1 hr, prominent granules were revealed by the citrated Sudan Black B method (figure 1). The exact relationship of the granules to the central coat in the spore was difficult to determine, i. e., whether they were on or in the actual central coat or whether they were on the inside or the outside of the central coat and immediately adjacent to it. From one to four granules were commonly observed, the number probably reflecting the degree to which germination had progressed; frequently, there was a granule at each end of the oval-shaped spore, and often, instead of discrete granules, there was a horseshoe or crescent-shaped area at one or both ends. The number of granules increased as the young vegetative cell appeared. Formazan granules were noted within ji hr after spores were activated, spread on agar, and exposed to tetrazolium salts. These granules

Septic complications due to infection with staphylococci are currently bedeviling the professional staffs and administrators of hospitals. Concordant reports to this effect are becoming available from all medically advanced parts of the world. The Conference on Staphylococcic Infections in the Hospital and Community was convened in Cleveland on Nov. 14,1957, under the authorization of the trustees of the American Medical Association. The American Academy of Pediatrics; the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology; the American College of Surgeons; the American Hospital Association; the American Nurses' Association; the American Society of Clinical Pathologists; the California Department of Public Health; the Communicable Disease Center of the U. S. Public Health Service; the Food and Drug Administration; the Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York; Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Public Health Service; the State University of Iowa; the Seattle-King County Department of Health, Washington; the University of

Starkey (1946) found that lipid production by a soil yeast could be greatly enhanced by aerobic growth on a nitrogen deficient medium containing glucose. Virtanen and DeLey (1948) and DeLev (1949) showed that the nitrogen contents of Escherichia coli cells diminished with diminishing nitrogen content of their growth media, and that the deficiency in nitrogenous compounds was reflected in reduced activities of constitutive, and to an even greater extent of adaptive enzymes. Knaysi and Baker (1947) germinated spores of Bacillus mycoides on a nitrogen free medium and obtained vegetative cells with depleted cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid which were relatively "transparent," and revealed internal structures under the electron microscope. Duguid (1948) demonstrated weak cytoplasmic staining, interpreted as due to depletion of ribonucleic acid, in cells of Bacterium aerogenes grown on media deficient in nitrogen and high in carbohydrate. In the present brief communication we report compositional and morphological changes in cells resulting from the germination of spores of Bacillus megaterium on a medium deficient in nitrogen. The resulting vegetative cells were deficient in total nitrogen and in RNA and significantly high in saponifiable lipid content. Concomitantly the cell morphology was altered and the cells became relatively "transparent" to both light and electron microscopic observation.

A number of observations are on record which indicate that bacteria respond to several physical and chemical agents by a rather characteristic sequence of cytological changes. These changes deviate markedly from the usual operations of reduplication and distribution of the bacterial chromatin. Citation of relevant observations will be made in the present and a subsequent communication. Also it may suffice to indicate that a study, by light and electron microscopy, has been made by I(ellenberger (1953) of the sequence of cytological changes induced in Eacherichia coli by ultraviolet radiation and by the action of the radiomimetic agent methyl-bis-(P-chloroethyl)>amine. The present report describes electron and light microscopic observations on growing cells of a lysogenic strain of E. coli and a non-lysogenic derivative. In addition, changes undergone by the non-lysogenic celLs following treatment with ultraviolet radiation are noted. The accompanying report deals with responses to ultraviolet induction of lysogenic cells (Payne et al., 1955). Terminology concerning lysogeny follows that adopted by Lwoff (1953).