In this article, the design and development of a fast rise time high-voltage bipolar impulse generator (HV-BIG) system for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based coaxial 222 nm excimer radiation source has been carried out for effective plasma generation. Full bridge topology utilizing silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) along with a step-up transformer has been realized for the development of the HV-BIG system. Sectionalized windings were designed to realize the primary and secondary winding of high-voltage transformers. The fabricated high-voltage transformer features a uniform distribution of the primary and secondary windings to minimize leakage inductance. A control algorithm has been implemented to generate 180 phase-shifted gating pulses with suitable pulse repetition frequency and pulsewidth for the full bridge converter. The developed laboratory prototype of the HV-BIG system was experimentally verified with the DBD-based Krypton/Chlorine (Kr/Cl $_{2})$ excilamp to generate 222 nm radiation with output pulse voltage ranging from $\pm$ 2.85 to $\pm$ 8.25 kV. The HV-BIG system has been experimentally tested to generate variable high-voltage bipolar pulse output voltage with a pulse repetition frequency of 31.5 kHz and tunable at two distinct pulsewidth of 1.0 and 1.2 $\mu $ s.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based excimer sources have found diverse applications in biomedical, agriculture, pharmacy, surface treatment, and industrial processes. The radiation ability of DBD-based 172-nm excimer radiation source to break molecular bonds in organic matter is beneficial for processes, such as ultracleaning and surface activation, improving adhesion. The high-voltage pulsed power modulator plays a critical role in generating efficient plasma discharge for a 172-nm VUV excimer lamp. The precise control of output pulsed amplitude voltage and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is required for generating efficient and uniform plasma inside the plasma tube. In this article a two switch forward converter ((SFC)-F-2) topology with snubber at the output is proposed to generate unipolar pulse output for 172-nm VUV excimer source. The developed prototype of high-voltage unipolar impulse power modulator (HVU-IPM) has a 32-kHz PRF and a 1- mu s pulsewidth with adjustable output pulse voltage. The mathematical model for calculating the DBD pulse voltage and current is developed through mode analysis of the proposed HVU-IPM system. The experimental verifications of the developed prototype of HVU-IPM system are carried out to evaluate the system performance. The DBD plasma generated by the developed HVU-IPM remains stable across a broader range of operating parameters, such as gas pressure and applied voltages, and generates VUV light of absolute irradiance up to 11.24 mW/cm(2) . The achieved rise time/fall time of output pulse is below 400 ns.

This article presents a model-based approach to assess the battery performance of a two-wheeler EV drive train system for various user driving patterns using the selected urban drive cycles. The battery pack is one of the most expensive parts of an EV, and its life is heavily dependent on its usage pattern. The impact of the user’s driving behaviour on the performance parameters of the EV battery pack needs to be investigated. Thus, a two-wheeler EV drive train model was developed in MATLAB with a 5 kW motor, a 4.32 kWh battery, vehicle dynamics, and the power train control algorithms for in-depth analysis of battery performance. The validity of the developed model was tested against various state-of-the-art drive cycles for a duration of 3600 s. Numerous user driving behaviours, such as aggressive, moderate, and slow driving behaviours, were modelled with modified drive cycles, which were used to assess the two-wheeler battery pack performance. An optimum speed range, which ranges from 21 km/h to 34 km/h for different drive cycles, was identified, and these speed ranges minimised the battery energy consumption for the selected drive cycles with the modified drive cycle models.

The charging infrastructure plays a crucial role in the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by providing accessible, convenient, and technologically compatible charging solutions to extend the driving range and contribute to environmental sustainability. The DC-DC converters and their control are essential components utilized in charging infrastructure with efficient conversion of input voltage to optimal levels. This paper presents the design and implementation of an interleaved DC-DC buck converter for Lithium-ion battery charging applications. The incorporation of interleaving in the DC-DC buck converter enhances the overall both system performance. The interleaved architecture eliminates the need for inter-converter communication and effectively avoids any potential single point of failure. To achieve controlled and regulated output voltage, closed-loop control algorithm is implemented in TMS320F28027 microcontroller. The hardware of the interleaved DC-DC buck converter is tested on resistive load as well as on 48 V, 30 Ah Li-ion battery. The charging of the 48 V, 30 Ah Li-ion battery is carried out in Constant Current-Constant Voltage (CC-CV) mode. The experimental result of the developed interleaved DC-DC buck converter is presented in this work.

Transportation systems based on electric vehicle (EV) technology are regarded as the most environmentally sustainable system for modern transport industries. The maximum benefits of EVs can only be realized when the energy required to charge the EVs is obtained from renewable energy sources. This paper presents design and implementation of solar PV-based multi-functional e-Mobility charging system for two and three-wheeler EVs. The charging system is powered by 3 kWp solar PV panels consisting of solar battery charger to charge the auxiliary batteries and an e-Mobility charger to charge the EVs. It proposes a decentralized architecture for solar battery charging systems and EV charging system. The decentralized interleaved architecture does not require inter-converter communication and prevents the possibility of a single point of failure. Interleaving of converters also allows to have a high step-down conversion ratio, reduction in size, weight, and volume of filters, and high output current with low ripple current. To achieve a controlled and regulated output voltage, a digitally controlled algorithm is implemented in TMS320F28027 microcontroller. The proposed system can charge multi-chemistry batteries with multiple output voltage levels. The proposed architecture is experimentally validated and presented in this work.

Battery health is a critical factor influencing the widespread adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The SoH serves as a reliable indicator of a battery's capacity degradation over time, directly impacting its performance and overall lifespan. In this research paper, various ensemble based techniques have been used to estimate the state of Health (SoH) of battery. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a detailed comparison of several state-of-the-art regression models is conducted. Specifically, the performance of Bagging Regression, Gradient Boost Model, Stacking Regression Model, xGBoost Model, and Extra Trees Model is evaluated in predicting the SoH of batteries. R-squared (R2) score is utilized as the metric for assessing the accuracy and predictive capability of the developed models. The performance of the developed models are evaluated using progressively reduced amounts of data, demonstrating its effectiveness even with limited available data. Through extensive analysis of the developed models, efficacy of the data-driven technique is demonstrated in estimating battery SoH accurately. Certain models outperform others in terms of R2 score, indicating superior predictive capabilities for battery health estimation. The results offer valuable insights for selecting the most suitable regression model for battery SoH estimation, contributing to enhanced EV battery management and optimization.

In order to get controlled output voltage, despite of imbalance in input supply voltage and output loading conditions, an efficient and robust power electronics-based systems should be developed with a reliable control algorithm. This paper analyses the Grid Integrated Vehicle (GIV) charging using a non-linear control algorithm. The designed non-linear control algorithm is intended to stabilize the output voltage and improve the overall system performance during transient conditions. The combination of single-phase (1-Ф) interleaved power factor correction (IPFC) boost converter topology and synchronous buck converter topology is designed for grid-integrated e-Mobility charging application. To verify the design, simulation of a grid integrated e-Mobility charging using a non-linear control algorithm on resistive dummy load is carried out in a MATLAB-Simulink-based environment and presented in this work. The performance of the simulated model in terms of dynamic response, power factor, output voltage regulation, and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is also analyzed and discussed in this paper.

This paper presents an FPGA-controlled three-phase inverter programmed for unbalance compensation in the output voltage of the three-phase inverter. The inverter output voltage becomes unbalanced because of the unbalanced load currents drawn by the unbalanced lads of the inverter. The unbalance compensation method mainly uses fundamental harmonic observers, which are designed to decompose a highly distorted voltage and current signal. These observers are embedded into the FPGA. FPGA is used along with other PWM-type controllers and input-output interfaces. The three-phase inverter fundamental output voltage is regulated by using a feedback control system, and a decoupled channel control mechanism has been employed to perform unbalance compensation. Two Cyclone FPGA chip implements the various signal processing steps in the closed loop inverter control methods.

The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) based excimer radiation source has demonstrated encouraging results for pathogen deactivation, air deodorization, and water purification. The electrical power supply is one of the critical components which influences the energy efficiency of the DBD-based excimer radiation source. The excimer radiation source operating in pulsed mode has better energy efficiency and discharge uniformity. The design of a high-voltage bipolar pulsed power supply for a mercury-free far UV-C (222 nm) excimer radiation source is presented in this paper. A single-phase (1-Ф) interleaved power factor correction (IPFC) boost converter and a bipolar high-voltage converter-based pulsed power supply are designed for a DBD-based excimer radiation source. The power supply has a variable pulse repetition rate of up to 50 kHz and a pulse width of up to 5 μs. To verify the design, the simulation of a two-stage interleaved power factor corrected boost converter and a bipolar high-voltage unit on resistive dummy load is carried out in a MATLAB-Simulink-based environment and presented in this work.

Robust and intelligent control algorithm design is very essential in the development of power electronics converter to maintain constant output voltage regardless of the variations in input voltage and load. In this article, simulation and analysis of interleaved DC-DC converter for electric vehicle charging applications using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are presented. The ANFIS based control algorithm for the DC-DC converter is designed to stabilize output voltage and enhance the performance of the system during transient operations. To verify the design, two-phase interleaved synchronous DC-DC buck converter is simulated in MATLAB-Simulink based environment and simulation results on resistive load are presented.

This paper presents a comprehensive review on renewable energy based electric vehicle charging techniques, energy storage system with grid support functionality. The classification of electric vehicles charging based on standards, and charging techniques have been reviewed. Based on efficiency, feasibility and reliability, renewable energy like solar PV for electric vehicle charging are addressed. The energy storage system must be properly managed and safely maintained to improve the overall efficiency of electric vehicles for service longevity. A qualitative analysis of power electronics topologies along with its advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of Vehicle-Grid-Integration (VGI) infrastructure its capability, benefits/potential, challenges such as technological, environmental, economic etc. have also been highlighted. A comparative overview of power electronics topologies suitable for electric vehicle charging with VGI infrastructure is also exhibited.

This work presents an extensive review of hierarchical control strategies that provide effective and robust control for a DC microgrid. DC microgrid is an efficient, scalable and reliable solution for electrification in remote areas and needs a reliable control scheme such as hierarchical control. The hierarchical control strategy is divided into three layers namely primary, secondary and tertiary based on their functionality. In this study, different methods of primary control for current and voltage regulation, secondary control for error-correction in voltage and current, power sharing in a microgrid and microgrid clusters and tertiary control for power and energy management with a primary focus on minimal power loss and operational cost in a DC microgrid system are reviewed in-depth. Along with this, the advantages and limitations of various control structures like centralised, decentralised, distributed are discussed in this study. After a comparative study of all control strategies, the optimum control schemes from the author's point of view are also presented.

This work deals with the control and operation of a multi-functional PV-Battery Integrated System operating in a Micro-grid environment. The system consists of a three-phase three wire PV array and battery Integrated distribution static compensator (PV-B-DSTATCOM) which can not only compensate for current quality issues due to load current but also inject power from the PV array into the grid. A battery bank is also integrated with the PV system so as to enable its operation in standalone mode of operation when grid is not available or under faulty conditions. This system is critical in modern distribution systems which require clean source of energy along with continuous supply of power for sophisticated electronic loads for data centres, hospitals and electronic industries. The system performance is extensively evaluated under different scenarios found in microgrid environment such as irradiation variation, load unbalance and also operation in islanded and grid interactive operation.

This paper describes simulation and design of single-phase to three-phase UPF system for agricultural/household applications. The average current mode control (ACMC) technique is used for Unity Power Factor (UPF) correction of single phase AC-DC boost converter. A comprehensive study and analysis of single-phase to three-phase converter with UPF operation is presented. Closed loop control of single phase AC-DC UPF boost converter is designed. The three phase voltage source inverter with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique has been used for dc to 3-phase ac conversion. The voltage mode control of three-phase voltage source SPWM inverter have been designed and simulated. The complete system with the integration of single-phase and three-phase converter has been simulated. The simulation results with their performance such as power factor (pf), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and efficiency have been analysed. The simulation results on resistive load is presented in this paper.

This paper describes about the efficient design of pulse power supply for mercury-free plasma UV-lamp based applications. The single phase AC-DC Unity Power Factor (UPF) converter along with flyback converter is employed to design efficient and high voltage pulse power supply. The system has fixed Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF), Pulse Duration (T on ) and pulse amplitude. Design and analysis of pulse power supply with output voltage of -5kV and output current of 2.5A with PRF (25 kHz) and T on (2 μs), fed from single phase AC voltage is presented. To verify the proposed design, the topology is simulated in MATLAB and simulation results on resistive load are presented in the paper.

Extraction of fundamental active component of load current is the key for any distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). In this study, a control technique based upon complex variable filter and second order generalized integrator (SOGI) has been used for single phase photovoltaic integrated distribution static compensator (PV-DSTATCOM). Active component of load current is extracted with the help of a filter and it is used to control the pulses of DSTATCOM. A two stage system consisting of a full bridge boost converter in cascade with an inverter is taken to model a DSTATCOM. Power is drawn maximally from the PV panel. Dynamic conditions like step load change and linear irradiation change have been employed to study the performance of the system for this control strategy.

This paper describes about the design and development of high voltage DC pulse power supply for high power applications. The system has variety of features such as independent control of Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF), Pulse Duration (Ton) and pulse amplitude. PC based wireless pulse generation and control unit with Graphical User Interface (GUI) having variable/controlled PRF (10Hz-1 kHz) and T on (10-100μ s) is developed for gating pulse generation. Two sets of -25kV, 10A pulse power supplies are connected in series to achieve -50kV, 10A pulse output voltage. High voltage DC pulse power supply is used for the characterization of high power microwave tube and testing applications. To verify the proposed design, simulation and experimental results on resistive load are presented in this paper.