The 2022 edition discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people and their labour market prospects during the recovery and beyond. Youth have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic and youth labour markets are now being buffeted by the lingering impacts of the pandemic, geopolitical risks and macroeconomic risks such as the impact of supply chain disruptions and rising inflation, particularly that of food and energy. There is also the potential permanent damage wreaked by these crises on the fabric of labour markets. As countries seek to address these multiple challenges, they must also not lose sight of longer-term priorities. In particular, targeted investment in the green, blue (ocean), digital, creative and care economies hold great potential to provide decent jobs for young people while setting economies on path towards greater sustainability, inclusiveness and resilience.

Coming on top of long-term employment challenges, the COVID-19 crisis has severely impacted economies around the world. Due to the nature of their labour markets, middle-income countries (MICs), including India, have experienced greater employment declines than advanced economies. Some sectors have been hit harder than others, while certain groups—including women, youth, migrants and those in the informal economy—have felt the brunt of the crisis even more strongly. The crisis has raised unemployment and, even more, has also pushed many out of the labour force, raising inactivity. Overall, the crisis has exacerbated existing inequalities in countries and across countries. The major challenge for MICs is to finance the continuing efforts to battle the crisis while shifting to a job-rich and inclusive recovery. Key lessons have already emerged, which are relevant for India and other developing countries, including the importance of building a more resilient and inclusive labour market through strong institutions and policies. JEL Codes: E24, E60, G01, J08, J60

Revista Internacional del TrabajoVolume 140, Issue 2 p. 357-361 Libros Ajit Singh of Cambridge and Chandigarh: An Intellectual Biography of the Radical Sikh Economist, de Ashwani Saith Sukti Dasgupta, Servicio de Empleo, Mercados de Trabajo y Juventud, Departamento de Política de Empleo, Oficina Internacional del TrabajoSearch for more papers by this author Sukti Dasgupta, Servicio de Empleo, Mercados de Trabajo y Juventud, Departamento de Política de Empleo, Oficina Internacional del TrabajoSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 June 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/ilrs.12199AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume140, Issue2June 2021Pages 357-361 RelatedInformation

This article assesses the role of the services sector as an engine of growth during the 1985–2015 period. Results from testing services within a Kaldorian framework support the view that (a) manufacturing continues to remain important, but its contribution has weakened over time while that of services has become stronger, and (b) job creation is being driven predominantly by the services sector in countries at all income levels, although this is not always associated with productivity gains, raising concerns about its sustainability. In addition to the Kaldorian analysis, we use a shift-share decomposition of labor productivity to analyze the 2005–2015 decade for 11 economic activities. We find that the strongest contribution to overall productivity is provided by what we call “modern” services, mostly through labor reallocation from sectors with lower productivity levels. In contrast, the contribution of the manufacturing sector, although still positive, arises from “within”-sector changes in productivity, partially as a consequence of the sector’s lack of job creation. In light of technological change, and the impact it may have on low- and middle-skill jobs, it is likely that the job creating effects of manufacturing may decline further. Modern services—such as business activities and transport and communications, which are linked to manufacturing—appear to have characteristics similar to those of manufacturing, and are becoming important for countries at all income levels for economic growth overall. However, although expanding quickly, their share of total employment remains small.

The chapter analyses factors influencing medium-term employment growth, highlighting the importance of labour force participation, occupational changes and income inequality as key determinants. The chapter also discusses the role of manufacturing employment for overall job creation and challenges that the early decline in manufacturing employment in a series of emerging economies poses for their future economic and social development.

World Employment and Social OutlookVolume 2015, Issue 1 p. i-4 EspañolFree Access Resumen: Nuevas turbulencias en el horizonte del empleo Vladimir Andrianov, Vladimir Andrianov ILOSearch for more papers by this authorValia Bourmpoula, Valia Bourmpoula ILOSearch for more papers by this authorJuan Chacaltana, Juan Chacaltana ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSukti Dasgupta, Sukti Dasgupta ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Duda, Marta Duda ILOSearch for more papers by this authorEkkehard Ernst, Ekkehard Ernst ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSalwa Haidar, Salwa Haidar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Horne, Richard Horne ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPhu Huynh, Phu Huynh ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAya Jafaar, Aya Jafaar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSameer Khatiwada, Sameer Khatiwada ILOSearch for more papers by this authorKee Beom Kim, Kee Beom Kim ILOSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Kühn, Stefan Kühn ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMary Kawar, Mary Kawar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorXinrong Liu, Xinrong Liu ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMakiko Matsumoto, Makiko Matsumoto ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRossana Merola, Rossana Merola ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSanto Milasi, Santo Milasi ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Mwasikakata, Michael Mwasikakata ILOSearch for more papers by this authorVeda Narasimhan, Veda Narasimhan ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAlena Nesporova, Alena Nesporova ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPrakash Pathak, Prakash Pathak ILOSearch for more papers by this authorClemente Pignatti, Clemente Pignatti ILOSearch for more papers by this authorDamien Roche, Damien Roche ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSteven Tobin, Steven Tobin ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRaymond Torres, Raymond Torres ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSher Verick, Sher Verick ILOSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Viegelahn, Christian Viegelahn ILOSearch for more papers by this author Vladimir Andrianov, Vladimir Andrianov ILOSearch for more papers by this authorValia Bourmpoula, Valia Bourmpoula ILOSearch for more papers by this authorJuan Chacaltana, Juan Chacaltana ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSukti Dasgupta, Sukti Dasgupta ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Duda, Marta Duda ILOSearch for more papers by this authorEkkehard Ernst, Ekkehard Ernst ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSalwa Haidar, Salwa Haidar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Horne, Richard Horne ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPhu Huynh, Phu Huynh ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAya Jafaar, Aya Jafaar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSameer Khatiwada, Sameer Khatiwada ILOSearch for more papers by this authorKee Beom Kim, Kee Beom Kim ILOSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Kühn, Stefan Kühn ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMary Kawar, Mary Kawar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorXinrong Liu, Xinrong Liu ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMakiko Matsumoto, Makiko Matsumoto ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRossana Merola, Rossana Merola ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSanto Milasi, Santo Milasi ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Mwasikakata, Michael Mwasikakata ILOSearch for more papers by this authorVeda Narasimhan, Veda Narasimhan ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAlena Nesporova, Alena Nesporova ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPrakash Pathak, Prakash Pathak ILOSearch for more papers by this authorClemente Pignatti, Clemente Pignatti ILOSearch for more papers by this authorDamien Roche, Damien Roche ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSteven Tobin, Steven Tobin ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRaymond Torres, Raymond Torres ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSher Verick, Sher Verick ILOSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Viegelahn, Christian Viegelahn ILOSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 April 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/wow3.60AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume2015, Issue1January 2015Pages i-4 RelatedInformation

The chapter gives a global overview of recent labour market developments and short- and medium-term projections for employment and wages. The chapter discusses recent changes in occupational employment and how they affect inequality and wages. The chapter also highlights the importance of rising youth unemployment for social unrest across major world regions.

The paper estimates the earnings gap between formal and informal employment in Thailand, using a sample of workers that includes both wage and self- employed workers. It finds that while the major part of the earnings differential is attributed to observed characteristics, there is a significant unexplained component. The paper then applies a quantile regression method to an earnings function to understand the factors that explain differences in earnings for different quartiles. Controlling for other factors, it finds that informally employed workers systematically present lower earnings at all earnings levels, and the difference increases with level of earnings. Furthermore, the estimated marginal effect of gender on earnings is negative and remains more or less constant across the different quartiles, while returns to education are positive and increase with income quartiles. The premium of working in services or manufacturing is higher at the lower end of the income distribution and the non- farm self-employed worker is likely to earn more than others. The findings of this study have implications for policies for productive transformation in the country, along with a focus on education and gender equality.

The chapter gives a detailed overview of recent labour market trends across eight major world regions. The chapter discusses each one of them, highlighting the divergent trends both within and across regions. In particular, the continuous improvement in some major advanced economies contrasts sharply with the ongoing difficulties in many European countries and the first signs of slowdown in key emerging markets.

Although the rate is relatively high in China, it has declined in recent years, as has the employment to population ratio. Furthermore, there is a significant wage gap between women in and men, much of which remains “unexplained” when we carry out a decomposition analysis. To improve gender equality in the labour market, the paper points to four areas that require further attention from a policy perspective: (1) measures to promote equal access to employment for women and men; (2) creation of an enabling environment for workers with family responsibilities; (3) improved coverage of social security measures, especially for rural women; and (4) design of an appropriate retirement policy.

World Employment and Social OutlookVolume 2015, Issue 1 p. i-4 FrançaisFree Access Résumé: Nouvelles turbulences du côté de l'emploi Vladimir Andrianov, Vladimir Andrianov ILOSearch for more papers by this authorValia Bourmpoula, Valia Bourmpoula ILOSearch for more papers by this authorJuan Chacaltana, Juan Chacaltana ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSukti Dasgupta, Sukti Dasgupta ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Duda, Marta Duda ILOSearch for more papers by this authorEkkehard Ernst, Ekkehard Ernst ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSalwa Haidar, Salwa Haidar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Horne, Richard Horne ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPhu Huynh, Phu Huynh ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAya Jafaar, Aya Jafaar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSameer Khatiwada, Sameer Khatiwada ILOSearch for more papers by this authorKee Beom Kim, Kee Beom Kim ILOSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Kühn, Stefan Kühn ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMary Kawar, Mary Kawar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorXinrong Liu, Xinrong Liu ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMakiko Matsumoto, Makiko Matsumoto ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRossana Merola, Rossana Merola ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSanto Milasi, Santo Milasi ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Mwasikakata, Michael Mwasikakata ILOSearch for more papers by this authorVeda Narasimhan, Veda Narasimhan ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAlena Nesporova, Alena Nesporova ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPrakash Pathak, Prakash Pathak ILOSearch for more papers by this authorClemente Pignatti, Clemente Pignatti ILOSearch for more papers by this authorDamien Roche, Damien Roche ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSteven Tobin, Steven Tobin ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRaymond Torres, Raymond Torres ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSher Verick, Sher Verick ILOSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Viegelahn, Christian Viegelahn ILOSearch for more papers by this author Vladimir Andrianov, Vladimir Andrianov ILOSearch for more papers by this authorValia Bourmpoula, Valia Bourmpoula ILOSearch for more papers by this authorJuan Chacaltana, Juan Chacaltana ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSukti Dasgupta, Sukti Dasgupta ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Duda, Marta Duda ILOSearch for more papers by this authorEkkehard Ernst, Ekkehard Ernst ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSalwa Haidar, Salwa Haidar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Horne, Richard Horne ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPhu Huynh, Phu Huynh ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAya Jafaar, Aya Jafaar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSameer Khatiwada, Sameer Khatiwada ILOSearch for more papers by this authorKee Beom Kim, Kee Beom Kim ILOSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Kühn, Stefan Kühn ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMary Kawar, Mary Kawar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorXinrong Liu, Xinrong Liu ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMakiko Matsumoto, Makiko Matsumoto ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRossana Merola, Rossana Merola ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSanto Milasi, Santo Milasi ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Mwasikakata, Michael Mwasikakata ILOSearch for more papers by this authorVeda Narasimhan, Veda Narasimhan ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAlena Nesporova, Alena Nesporova ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPrakash Pathak, Prakash Pathak ILOSearch for more papers by this authorClemente Pignatti, Clemente Pignatti ILOSearch for more papers by this authorDamien Roche, Damien Roche ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSteven Tobin, Steven Tobin ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRaymond Torres, Raymond Torres ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSher Verick, Sher Verick ILOSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Viegelahn, Christian Viegelahn ILOSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 April 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/wow3.59AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume2015, Issue1January 2015Pages i-4 RelatedInformation

World Employment and Social OutlookVolume 2015, Issue 1 p. i-4 EnglishFree Access Summary: Renewed Turbulence Over the Employment Horizon Vladimir Andrianov, Vladimir Andrianov ILOSearch for more papers by this authorValia Bourmpoula, Valia Bourmpoula ILOSearch for more papers by this authorJuan Chacaltana, Juan Chacaltana ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSukti Dasgupta, Sukti Dasgupta ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Duda, Marta Duda ILOSearch for more papers by this authorEkkehard Ernst, Ekkehard Ernst ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSalwa Haidar, Salwa Haidar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Horne, Richard Horne ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPhu Huynh, Phu Huynh ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAya Jafaar, Aya Jafaar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSameer Khatiwada, Sameer Khatiwada ILOSearch for more papers by this authorKee Beom Kim, Kee Beom Kim ILOSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Kühn, Stefan Kühn ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMary Kawar, Mary Kawar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorXinrong Liu, Xinrong Liu ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMakiko Matsumoto, Makiko Matsumoto ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRossana Merola, Rossana Merola ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSanto Milasi, Santo Milasi ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Mwasikakata, Michael Mwasikakata ILOSearch for more papers by this authorVeda Narasimhan, Veda Narasimhan ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAlena Nesporova, Alena Nesporova ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPrakash Pathak, Prakash Pathak ILOSearch for more papers by this authorClemente Pignatti, Clemente Pignatti ILOSearch for more papers by this authorDamien Roche, Damien Roche ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSteven Tobin, Steven Tobin ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRaymond Torres, Raymond Torres ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSher Verick, Sher Verick ILOSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Viegelahn, Christian Viegelahn ILOSearch for more papers by this author Vladimir Andrianov, Vladimir Andrianov ILOSearch for more papers by this authorValia Bourmpoula, Valia Bourmpoula ILOSearch for more papers by this authorJuan Chacaltana, Juan Chacaltana ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSukti Dasgupta, Sukti Dasgupta ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Duda, Marta Duda ILOSearch for more papers by this authorEkkehard Ernst, Ekkehard Ernst ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSalwa Haidar, Salwa Haidar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Horne, Richard Horne ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPhu Huynh, Phu Huynh ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAya Jafaar, Aya Jafaar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSameer Khatiwada, Sameer Khatiwada ILOSearch for more papers by this authorKee Beom Kim, Kee Beom Kim ILOSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Kühn, Stefan Kühn ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMary Kawar, Mary Kawar ILOSearch for more papers by this authorXinrong Liu, Xinrong Liu ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMakiko Matsumoto, Makiko Matsumoto ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRossana Merola, Rossana Merola ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSanto Milasi, Santo Milasi ILOSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Mwasikakata, Michael Mwasikakata ILOSearch for more papers by this authorVeda Narasimhan, Veda Narasimhan ILOSearch for more papers by this authorAlena Nesporova, Alena Nesporova ILOSearch for more papers by this authorPrakash Pathak, Prakash Pathak ILOSearch for more papers by this authorClemente Pignatti, Clemente Pignatti ILOSearch for more papers by this authorDamien Roche, Damien Roche ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSteven Tobin, Steven Tobin ILOSearch for more papers by this authorRaymond Torres, Raymond Torres ILOSearch for more papers by this authorSher Verick, Sher Verick ILOSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Viegelahn, Christian Viegelahn ILOSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 April 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/wow3.55AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume2015, Issue1January 2015Pages i-4 RelatedInformation

Drawing on recent labour market indicators, this profile presents the most up-to-date picture of the Thai labour market. It includes a wealth of socio-economic and labour market information - from gross domestic product growth rates, disparities, employment and unemployment to migration, labour shortages and working time and includes the gender and regional implications. As the global situation becomes more unstable and prospects for intraregional integration increases, a well-functioning labour market will become crucial for Thailand's inclusive growth. By providing information on various labour market indicators this publication presents a comprehensive picture of Thailand's labour market and its future challenges.

While the impact of the global economic and financial crisis was large on the economies of Asia and the Pacific, translating into squeezes on enterprises, widespread job losses, expanding informal employment and falling household incomes, the region has rebounded quickly and strongly. GDP growth figures indicate that economic growth in developing Asia accelerated to 9.3 per cent, compared with a resilient 7.0 growth in 2009. This strong growth rate, driven by China and India, reflects robust domestic demand, supported by macroeconomic stimulus measures and the revival of private investment and external demand. The region’s labour markets have also shown some positive signs. Yet creating more and better jobs to reduce the region’s decent work deficits remains a challenge. Building a more balanced and sustainable future much depends on drawing lessons from the crisis, choosing the right policy priorities and enhancing policy coherence. The paper highlights recent economic developments, examines labour market trends and identifies some emerging policy priorities in the post-crisis era, with a focus on job quality, social protection, infrastructure development and inclusive financial services.

Examines the important role of coordinated economic, employment and social protection policies in supporting a more sustainable and balanced growth in the Asia and the Pacific region. It was prepared as one of the background papers of the Report of the Director-General to the 15th Asia and the Pacific Regional Meeting.