Sagittatoside B is one of the principal diglucosides in Herba Epimedii. In this work, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was applied to the rapid analysis of sagittatoside B metabolites in rats after oral administration. A total number of 17 metabolites were detected or tentatively identified from rat plasma, bile, urine and feces. The major metabolic pathways of sagittatoside B in rats were hydrolysis, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, demethylation, decarbonylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid and different sugars. This work revealed the metabolism of sagittatoside B in vivo, and reported the characteristic metabolic reactions of sagittatoside B for the first time. This provided the basis for the further research and development of sagittatoside B, and also provided reference for the metabolism of active flavonoid compounds.

Granular β-1,3-glucan extracted from the wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores, named GPG, is a bioregulator. In this study, we investigated the structural, thermal, and other physical properties of GPG. We determined whether GPG ameliorated immunosuppression caused by Gemcitabine (GEM) chemotherapy. Triple-negative breast cancer mice with GPG combined with GEM treatment had reduced tumor burdens. In addition, GEM treatment alone altered the tumor microenvironment(TME), including a reduction in antitumor T cells and a rise in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, combined GPG treatment reversed the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by GEM. GPG inhibited bone marrow (BM)-derived MDSC differentiation and reversed MDSC expansion induced by conditioned medium (CM) in GEM-treated E0771 cells through a Dectin-1 pathway. In addition, GPG downgraded PD-L1 and IDO1 expression on MDSC while boosting MHC-II, CD86, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GPG could alleviate the adverse effects induced by GEM chemotherapy by regulating TME.

Epimedium is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in clinical practice to reinforce yang. Previous studies have shown that Epimedium fried with suet oil based has the best effect on warming kidney and promoting yang. Evidence suggests a relationship between kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) and metabolic disorders of the intestinal microflora. However, the specific interaction between KYDS and the intestinal microbiome, as well as the internal regulatory mechanism of the KYDS intestinal microbiome regulated by Epimedium fried with suet oil, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of different processed products of Epimedium on intestinal microflora and metabolites in rats with kidney yang deficiency, and to reveal the processing mechanism of Epimedium fried with suet oil warming kidney and helping yang. 16 S rRNA and LC-MS/MS technology were used to detect fecal samples. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis, differential intestinal flora and metabolites were screened. Then the content of differential bacteria was then quantified using quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR. Furthermore, the correlation between differential bacterial flora and metabolites was analyzed using Spearman's method. The study found that the composition of intestinal flora in rats with kidney yang deficiency changed compared to healthy rats. Epimedium fried with suet oil could increase the levels of beneficial bacteria, while significantly reducing the levels of harmful bacteria. Real-time quantitative PCR results were consistent with 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Fecal metabolomics revealed that KYDS was associated with 30 different metabolites, involving metabolic pathways steroid hormone biosynthesis etc. Moreover, differential bacteria were closely correlated with potential biomarkers. Epimedium could improve metabolic disorders associated with KYDS by acting on the intestinal flora, with Epimedium fried with suet oil demonstrating the most effective regulatory effect. Its potential mechanism may involve the regulation of abnormal metabolism and the impact on the diversity and structure of the intestinal flora.

Objective: Allergic asthma (AA) is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Pudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid (PDL) along with its main medicinal material, Taraxaci Herba ( Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz , TH) has been widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections. Research has shown that the major ingredient of TH, the organic acid component (OAC), possesses favorable AA activity. However, the attenuated effects of PDL and OAC from TH (TH-OAC) on AA and their possible mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study analyzed the attenuating effects of PDL and TH-OAC on AA and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Young BALB/c mice were sensitized and stimulated to develop asthma using ovalbumin. Histological examinations were performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and protein expression detection of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) were performed to detect the presence of inflammatory components in the lung tissue. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Results showed that PDL and TH-OAC alleviated augmented AHR and typical asthmatic pathological changes, including inflammatory infiltration and thickening of the alveolar wall. They also significantly reduced the levels of the immunoglobulin E, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Nitric oxide (NO) in lung tissues of mice. Protein and mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and ORMDL3 were downregulated following treatment with PDL and TH-OAC. Conclusions: PDL and TH-OAC can reduce asthma-induced inflammatory damage to the bronchi. These results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of asthma in clinical settings.

Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor in clinical practice, and its morbidity and mortality are in the forefront of malignant tumors. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical treatment play an important role in the treatment of lung cancer, however, radiotherapy has many complications and even causes partial loss of function, the recurrence rate after surgical resection is high, and the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs are strong. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a huge role in the prognosis and improvement of lung cancer, among them, Zengshengping (ZSP) has the effect of preventing and treating lung cancer. Based on the “gut-lung axis” and from the perspective of “treating the lung from the intestine”, the purpose of this study was to research the effect of Zengshengping on the intestinal physical, biological, and immune barriers, and explore its role in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. The Lewis lung cancer and urethane-induced lung cancer models were established in C57BL/6 mice. The tumor, spleen, and thymus were weighed, and the inhibition rate, splenic and thymus indexes analyzed. Inflammatory factors and immunological indexes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Collecting lung and colon tissues, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on lung, colon tissues to observe histopathological damage. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were carried out to detect tight junction protein expression in colon tissues and expression of Ki67 and p53 proteins in tumor tissues. Finally, the feces of mice were collected to investigate the changes in intestinal microbiota using 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. ZSP significantly reduced tumor weight and increased the splenic and thymus indexes. It decreased expression of Ki67 protein and increased expression of p53 protein. Compared with Model group, ZSP group reduced the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and ZSP group increased the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the colon and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). ZSPH significantly increased the level of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1. Model group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Akkermansia ( p < 0.05) and significantly promoted the amount of norank_f_ Muribaculaceae, norank_f_ Lachnospiraceae ( p < 0.05) compared with that in the Normal group. However, ZSP groups increased in probiotic strains ( Akkermansia ) and decreased in pathogens ( norank_f_ Muribaculaceae, norank_f_ Lachnospiraceae). Compared with the urethane-induced lung cancer mice, the results showed that ZSP significantly increased the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota in the Lewis lung cancer mice. ZSP played an important role in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer by enhancing immunity, protecting the intestinal mucosa and regulating the intestinal microbiota.

Introduction: Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used in ancient and modern China, is one of the traditional Chinese medicines clinically used to treat kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS). There are differences in the efficacy of Epimedium before and after processing, and the effect of warming the kidney and enhancing yang is significantly enhanced after heating with suet oil. However, the active compounds, corresponding targets, metabolic pathways, and synergistic mechanism of frying Epimedium in suet oil to promote yang, remain unclear. Methods: Herein, a strategy based on comprehensive GC-TOF/MS metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis was used to construct an "active compounds-targets-metabolic pathways" network to identify the active compounds, targets and metabolic pathways involved. Subsequently, the targets in kidney tissue were further validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Histopathological analysis with physical and biochemical parameters were performed. Results: Fifteen biomarkers from urine and plasma, involving five known metabolic pathways related to kidney yang deficiency were screened. The network pharmacology results showed 37 active compounds (13 from Epimedium and 24 from suet oil), 159 targets, and 267 pathways with significant correlation. Importantly, integrated metabolomics and network pharmacologic analysis revealed 13 active compounds (nine from Epimedium and four from suet oil), 7 corresponding targets (ALDH2, ARG2, GSTA3, GSTM1, GSTM2, HPGDS, and NOS2), two metabolic pathways (glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism), and two biomarkers (Ornithine and 5-Oxoproline) associated with improved kidney yang deficiency by Epimedium fried with suet oil. Discussion: These finds may elucidate the underlying mechanism of yang enhancement via kidney warming effects. Our study indicated that the mechanism of action mainly involved oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. Here, we demonstrated the novel strategies of integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology in exploring of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines.

目的 优化蒲地蓝消炎口服液(PudilanXiaoyan Oral Liquid,PXOL)生产工艺过程中黄芩Scutellariae Radix提取工艺,比较该提取工艺变更前后PXOL的制剂性质、质量标志物含量及其药动学特征.方法 以PXOL(原口服液)和黄芩新工艺PXOL(新口服液)的流浸膏物料性质为基础,通过比较两者的制剂性质、质量标志物含量以及体内的药动学特征,评价新口服液的合理性和可行性.结果 与原口服液相比,新口服液pH值、浊度和黏度发生了显著性变化,不良口感降低了 13％;主要有效成分黄芩苷含量增加了 25％;同时通过药动学评价原口服液和新口服液在成年大鼠体内的差异可知,给予新口服液后,黄芩苷、汉黄芩素和腺苷的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)均提高、达峰时间(time of Cmax,Tmax)均提前,4种质量标志物的平均滞留时间(mean residence time,MRT)均延长,表明新口服液在体内吸收快、起效迅速.结论 新口服液相较于原口服液,制剂质量和制备效率均提高,降低了安全隐患和环保压力,科学合理.为新口服液的体内药效研究提供了数据支撑,也为其安全、合理用药奠定基础.

BACKGROUND:Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) is a famous traditional Chinese prescription recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, which is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in children and adults. However, the endogenous changes in children and adults with PDL in the treatment of acute pharyngitis remain unclear.PURPOSE:The differential regulatory roles of PDL in endogenous metabolism and gut microbes in young and adult rats were investigated with a view to providing a preclinical data reference for PDL in medication for children.METHODS:An acute pharyngitis model was established, and serum levels of inflammatory factors and histopathology were measured. This study simulated the growth and development of children in young rats and explored the endogenous metabolic characteristics and intestinal microbial composition after the intervention of PDL by using serum metabolomic technique and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique.RESULTS:The results showed that PDL had therapeutic effects on young and adult rats with acute pharyngitis. Sixteen biomarkers were identified by metabolomics in the serum of young rats and 23 in adult rats. PDL can also affect intestinal microbial diversity and community richness in young and adult rats. Alloprevotella, Allobaculum, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, and Enterorhabdus were prominent bacteria in young rats. Bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes of the adult rats changed more significantly under the treatment of PDL. In young rats, amino acid metabolism was the primary regulatory mode of PDL, whereas, in adult rats, glycerophospholipid metabolism was studied.CONCLUSION:The regulation of PDL on the serum metabolite group and intestinal microflora in young rats was different from that in adult rats, indicating the necessity of an independent study on children's medication. PDL may also exert therapeutic effects on young and adult rats by regulating gut microbial homeostasis. The results support the clinical application of PDL.

目的 探讨告达庭改善大鼠肝损伤的作用机制.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和告达庭低、高剂量组(25、50 mg/kg),每组6只.采用腹腔注射(每周3次,连续8周)二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)复制大鼠肝损伤模型.造模第5周,大鼠灌胃相应药物或0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠,连续4周.检测大鼠血清中肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)和总胆红素(TBI)]及炎症因子[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-1β]水平,观察大鼠肝脏组织病理学形态变化,检测肝脏组织中核因子κB(NF-κB)、78 kDa葡糖调节蛋白(Grp78)蛋白阳性表达水平,检测肝脏组织中内质网应激相关蛋白Grp78、C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)、转录激活因子6(ATF6)、肌醇需求激酶1α(IRE1α)的表达水平和蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK)磷酸化水平.结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TBI、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平和肝脏组织中NF-κB、Grp78蛋白阳性表达水平以及Grp78、CHOP、ATF6、IRE1α蛋白表达水平和PERK蛋白磷酸化水平均显著升高(P<0.05),血清中TP水平显著降低(P<0.05);肝小叶结构紊乱,肝细胞肿胀,细胞间分界不明显,且伴随炎症细胞浸润.与模型组相比,告达庭各剂量组大鼠上述大部分指标显著逆转(P<0.05);肝小叶结构较完整清晰,细胞排列趋整齐,炎症细胞浸润也有所减少.结论 告达庭对DEN所致大鼠肝损伤具有明显的改善作用,其作用机制可能与抑制内质网应激和炎症反应有关.

目的:研究复方肠泰方对结肠癌CT26细胞增殖和自噬的影响及其可能的作用机制.方法:采用MTT法检测不同浓度复方肠泰方对CT26细胞增殖的影响,MDC染色法和透射电镜观察复方肠泰方干预CT26细胞后是否形成自噬体.蛋白质印迹法检测自噬相关蛋白LC3和Beclin-1的蛋白表达.采用自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素研究复方肠泰方是否诱导CT26细胞自噬性死亡.采用蛋白质印迹法检测Akt/mTOR/p70S6K通路相关蛋白表达水平.结果:复方肠泰方可以抑制CT26细胞的增殖;透射电镜观察到复方肠泰方干预的细胞中有类似自噬溶酶体结构;MDC结果显示,与空白对照组相比,复方肠泰方组细胞荧光强度增强;复方肠泰方能增加LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和Beclin-1的表达水平(P<0.05);与复方肠泰方组相比,复方肠泰方和雷帕霉素共同处理使CT26细胞的病死率显著增加(P<0.05);此外,复方肠泰方干预后,CT26细胞Akt、mTOR和p70S6K的蛋白表达基本不变,p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-p70S6K的蛋白表达较空白对照组显著降低(P<0.05).结论:复方肠泰方可能通过抑制Akt/mTOR/p70S6K通路诱导结肠癌CT26细胞自噬,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用.

Modern liquid forms of Chinese medicine(CM), such as oral liquid, are similar to traditional decoction, but there are deficiencies in the selection and design of the dosage form, and the solubility of the pre-preparation material is critical. The property system for Chinese medicinal materials(CMMs) was established according to the previous research. The present study established the dosage form design strategy of oral liquid preparations of CM with the solubility as the core, and pointed out the relationship between the saturated volume of component(V_(i-n)) and daily dosage of preparation(V_d) was the key to the dosage form design. To be specific, the prescription can be designed into liquid preparation directly when V_(i-n)≤V_d, while V_(i-n)>V_d, the suitable solubilization technologies are needed. At present, the available solubilization technologies include the addition of excipients such as solubilizers/cosolvents, pH adjustment of the solution, and synergistic solubilization of intermediates and components for the preparation of pharmaceuticals. As reported, the polysaccharides of CM have shown great potential in the solubilization of insoluble components of CM, and they have certain prospects as a new solubilizing excipient.

Taking Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid as a demonstration, the effective delivery of quality markers in alcohol precipitation of Chinese medicine oral liquid preparations was studied. With the transfer rates of adenosine, corynoline, cichoric acid, baicalin, and wogonin as evaluation indexes, the effect of the density of concentrate before alcoholic precipitation, volume fraction of ethanol, stirring speed, temperature of concentrated solution, stirring time, alcohol concentration, alcohol precipitation time, alcoholic precipitation temperature, alcohol addition rate, and the pH of concentrate on the alcohol precipitation process was investigated by Plackett-Burman trial design, thus obtaining the key factors that influenced the alcohol precipitation process. The key factors were further optimized by Box-Behnken design to determine the optimal alcohol precipitation conditions. When the density of concentrate before alcoholic precipitation was 1.12 g·mL~(-1), the pH of concentrate was 6.86, and the alcohol concentration was 50.00%, the transfer rates of baicalin and wogonin were 91.86% and 87.78%, respectively. When the density of concentrate before alcoholic precipitation was 1.13 g·mL~(-1), the concentration of alcohol was 74.50%, and the alcoholic precipitation temperature was 17.0 ℃, the transfer rates of adenosine, corynoline, and cichoric acid were 85.95%, 71.62% and 83.19%, respectively. The method of optimizing alcohol precipitation techniques and determining the parameters of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid by response surface methodology is reasonable and feasible, which provides guidance and experience for the effective delivery of quality markers in Chinese medicine oral liquid preparations.

According to the taste analysis of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, the unpleasant taste of the oral liquid is mainly caused by the inherent taste of Chinese medicine and the taste introduced in the preparation process, which leads to its unpopularity among children. Therefore, aiming at the special children patient group, Xiaoer Pudilan Xiaoyan Syrup was developed via technology optimization and dosage form improvement to improve the unpleasant taste and enhance the medication compliance among children. Based on the material properties of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid and Xiaoer Pudilan Xiaoyan Syrup extracts, the authors compared the properties(pH, density, turbidity, viscosity, chromaticity, particle size), taste, content of five quality markers and in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of these two preparations, to evaluate the suitability of Xiaoer Pudilan Xiaoyan Syrup. The results showed that compared with those of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, the pH, density, turbidity, viscosity and chromaticity of Xiaoer Pudilan Xiaoyan Syrup were significantly changed, and the unpleasant taste was reduced by 26%; the transfer rate of the main active ingredients chicoric acid was increased, while the transfer rate of baicalin had small difference from that of the oral liquid. In addition, pharmacokinetics revealed that the total absorption amount of baicalin in vivo was higher, and the time to peak T_(max) of baicalin and oroxindin in the syrup and the mean residence time MRT_(last )of corynoline in vivo were significantly prolonged. The absorption degree of Xiaoer Pudilan Xiaoyan Syrup and Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid in the body was the same: baicalin>oroxindin>corynoline. The new dosage form process was simpler than that of the original dosage form, safe, environmentally friendly, reasonable and feasible, meeting the mass production demand. This provided a basis for the reasonable and scientific optimization of Xiaoer Pudilan Xiaoyan Syrup, and also laid a foundation for its further safe and rational use, so as to expand the clinical application in children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on UC. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a worldwide problem associating with ulcerative colitis. One homogeneous polysaccharide, named SP2-1, was isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. SP2-1 comprised mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, xylose, arabinose, fucose in the molar ratio of 5.06:21.24:1.00:20.25:3.49:50.90:228.77:2.40, with Mw of 3.72 × 106 Da. SP2-1 treatment attenuated body weight loss, reduced DAI, ameliorated colonic pathological damage, and decreased MPO activity of UC mice induced by DSS. SP2-1 also suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the intestinal barrier was repaired due to the up-regulated expressions of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5. SP2-1 remarkably enhanced the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, as compared with model group, the abundance of Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia were significantly increased with SP2-1 treatment. And SP2-1 could significantly inhibit the levels of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria and Staphylococcus. In conclusion, SP2-1 might serve as a novel drug candidate against UC.

采用代谢组学方法探究炙淫羊藿温肾助阳和炮制增效机制.建立氢化可的松诱导的大鼠肾阳虚证模型,基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry)代谢组学方法,联合多元统计分析和单变量统计分析,筛选并鉴定血浆、尿液样品中与肾阳虚相关的潜在生物标志物,分析羊脂油组、淫羊藿生品组、淫羊藿加热品组、淫羊藿炙品组改善肾阳虚证的代谢调控机制.结果 显示,氢化可的松诱导的肾阳虚大鼠血浆、尿液代谢呈现明显的轨迹变化,在血浆和尿液中鉴定出15种与肾阳虚相关的生物标志物,涉及5条代谢通路,分别为甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢、硫代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢.炙淫羊藿温肾助阳的代谢通路涉及甘油磷脂代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,而炙淫羊藿两个炮制因素"加热""羊脂油"分别通过调节甘油磷脂代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢来增强其温肾助阳的作用,进而阐明了炙淫羊藿的炮制增效机制.本文涉及的动物实验符合伦理学标准,并且已获得江苏省中医药研究院动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:AEWC-20200702-119).

To investigate the active components/ingredients of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid based on the network pharmacology technology, and analyze the network data of its potential targets and mechanisms. The active ingredient screening, protein interaction analysis and pathway annotation were used to further optimize its active components and potential targets, and clarify the pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid. Through this technique, we screened out 41 active ingredients in Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, mainly including 16 alkaloid components, 13 organic acid components, 11 flavonoid components and 1 coumarin component such as chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, oroxindin, rutin, corynoline, and esculetin. In addition, 6 targets for parotitis, 48 targets for tonsillitis, and 22 targets for pharyngitis were screened. A total of 22 disease signaling pathways are involved, including 4 pathways closely related to inflammation. The IL-17 signaling pathway had the highest D(degree) value and may be most closely related to inflammatory diseases. Through network data excavating, we initially explored the main active components/ingredients of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, clarified the pharmacodynamic basis of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid treatment-related diseases and its key mechanism of action in this study, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for clinical research, and at the same time, lay the foundation for deep research and promotion of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid product.

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid is widely used in clinical applications, with safe and effective results. Its coverage rate in the national first, second and third grade hospitals is as high as 71%. In this study, we analyzed and summarized the research progress on the material basis, quality control, production process and clinical medication of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid based on the clinical diseases(parotitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis), and deeply explored the intrinsic quality improvement and secondary development of Pudilan product. Pharmacodynamic material basis of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid was explored through the network pharmacology technology and quality control indicators of the production process were optimized by cell anti-inflammatory experiments. Through these techno-logies, it would be more specific, scientific and effective to carry out process optimization of each link and multidimensional quality control of the whole process. The dosage and oral compliance for special patients(children) were explored, providing a reference for clinical pediatric medication of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid. Simultaneously, it is helpful to expand the application market by developing Pudilan daily chemical products, and promote the traditional Chinese medicine products in terms of curative effect and daily life.

From &quot;good efficacy with a bad taste&quot; to &quot;good efficacy with no bitterness&quot; and then to &quot;good efficacy with a good taste&quot; is the only way to develop oral liquid preparations of traditional Chinese medicine, and &quot;good medicine is beneficial to disease&quot; is the only way for the development of oral liquid preparations of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the analysis of the causes, the sources of bitterness, the formation principles and their solutions of traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid preparations, we explored the causes of the bad taste and the material basis of bitterness of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, and applied the solutions in improving the taste of Pudilan products. The overall taste of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid was improved by modifying the original product taste, enhancing the process and changing the dosage form, which improves the compliance of the patients who take the medicine, and better serve the clinical medication.

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid has been widely used in the clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections. Taraxaci Herba, as the monarch medicine in Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, due to its multi-source, multi-origin characteristics, and the difference in the content of active ingredients in different medicinal parts, has become a potential factor for the unstable quality among different batches of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid. In this paper, Thermo Scientific Vanquish ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) system was used, and the Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2012 Edition) issued by National Pharmacopoeia Commission was used for processing and analysis. The main common peaks were identified and contents were determined by comparison with reference substances. Fingerprints of Taraxaci Herba medicinal materials from different origins were established. 13 common peaks were identified, and 29 batches of samples from five origins had similarities above 0.90. At the same time, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of monocaffeoyl tartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, chicoic acid, and luteolin in Taraxaci Herba. The quantitative analysis conditions were verified by methodology, and the average sample recovery was 97.30%-101.8%. The results showed that the content of the same ingredient in Taraxaci Herba from different origins and different medicinal parts was obviously different, and the fluctua-tion range was also different for different ingredients. The establishment of UPLC fingerprints for Taraxaci Herba from different regions combined with multi-component content determination methods provides a reference for improving the quality control of Taraxaci Herba medicinal materials, and also provides a source guarantee for the quality improvement of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid.

蒲地蓝消炎口服液安全有效,显效迅速,临床应用广泛,但在儿科用药领域,由于用药剂量不明确与口服顺应性差成为制约其发展的主要原因.基于此,本研究通过分析其问题产生的根源并深入探究其解决方案,通过物料性质表征技术、复合矫味技术、剂型优化技术以提升蒲地蓝消炎口服液的口服顺应性,同时探讨蒲地蓝消炎口服液的儿童精准用药策略,为儿童精准用药的临床前研究提供技术指导.