The processing of images is a major task in several domains like medical treatment, military, and surveillance. However, the major reasons, like environmental criteria and technical issues made the imperative information tainted. The blurriness represents degradations induced on the image that affected image contrast. There exist several techniques based on image enhancement to improve image quality, but most of these techniques are complex to examine and impose image degradation. An optimized deep technique is devised for producing quality pictures in which the input image is gathered from the database. The pre-processing is done utilizing the median filter to discard the artefacts as well as the noise accumulated in the images. The image enhancement is done with a Deep Convolutional Neural network (DCNN) and the weight update in DCNN is carried out with the Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm (HBA). Thus, the DCNN-HBA helps to enhance the quality of the image without any kind of degradation, like blurriness. The DCNN-HBA technique provides better results with the highest mutual information (MI), highest universal quality index (UQI), maximum UQI, and enhanced efficacy of image enhancement. The highest structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) is the maximum SSIM.

Energy loss, dispersion (energy loss straggling) and asymmetry (skewness and kurtosis) of energy loss distribution curves of Li, C and O ions in varying thicknesses of terbium foils were measured. The measurements were performed, through transmission technique, by utilizing 15UD Pelletron accelerator at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India. These measured energy loss and straggling values were compared with the corresponding computed values adopting the most commonly used theoretical/semiempirical formulations. The purpose of this comparison was to identify the best theoretical formulation for the considered combinations. Benton and Henke formulation-based computed values showed better agreement with the measured energy loss values. Concerning energy loss straggling, Titeica theory's predicted values were found to be better. Asymmetric parameters (skewness and kurtosis) reveal that the shape of energy loss distributions of considered ions in terbium foils was mesokurtic-type Gaussian. The precise knowledge of these parameters is crucial for understanding energy loss distribution for considered ion-matter combinations. Further, these could be used as input in various computer codes (SIMNRA, RUMP and NDF) to simulate spectra obtained through different ion beam-based techniques.

Imidazoquinolinone (IMDQ) derivatives are known TLR7/8 agonists and are approved by the FDA for antiviral and skin cancer treatment. Their use as innate immune system activating molecules has been limited by poor pharmacokinetic properties and toxicities associated with systemic administration. In the present study, an IMDQ derivative, 1-(3-(aminomethyl) benzyl)-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinolin-4-amine (meta-aminomethyl BBIQ, 4), was encapsulated in biopolymer lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) to develop slow-release delivery system and to enhance its immune activating properties. A co-precipitation method was used to synthesize LNPs of alkali lignin. Characterization studies demonstrated the formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles of similar to 150 nm size. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity for meta-aminomethyl BBIQ in LNPs was found to be 99% and 70%, respectively. In-vitro release studies showed 78% release over 24 h at pH 7.4 followed by sustained release. Kinetic modelling studies showed the release profile followed Weibull order kinetics with beta value <= 0.75 corresponding to Fickian diffusion. Moreover, blank as well as meta-aminomethyl BBIQ-loaded LNPs were nonhemolytic and did not show significant cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 and MDA-MB-23 cells at all tested concentrations. This study confirms the potential to use LNPs as a drug delivery system for immune modulators or vaccine adjuvants.

Stopping force formula for heavy ions with Z(HI) = 3 - 36, in the energy region similar to 0.2-3.0 MeV/n, is developed. For this, fitting parameters involved in effective charge parameterization of Hubert et al. formulation are modified. Other parameters, used for stopping force calculations, are computed by utilizing Ziegler's fitting formulae. To check the reliability/validity of the present stopping force formula, the computed results are compared with the recently measured values. The comparison reveals that the predicted values are in good agreement (within experimental errors) with the recently measured values. The study is significantly important because low energy ions are widely used in material science particularly in ion implantation/irradiation along with other fields like atomic and molecular physics, health physics, bio-science and medical science etc. In addition, the study is also important to understand the fundamental aspects involved in interaction of ion with matter. The predicted values based on the present formula can be used as an input parameter for all those experiments where these combinations are used. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials 2021 (ICPCM 2021).

Energy loss straggling and subsequent higher order parameters (skewness and kurtosis) associated with energy loss distribution of Li (5.68 and 7.11 MeV/n), C (4.51 and 7.01 MeV/n) and O (4.91 and 6.16 MeV/n) ions in varying thicknesses of silver metallic foils are measured. The energy loss straggling measurements are used to validate the existing energy loss straggling theories, through comparison. This indicates that Titeica theory shows better agreement, with the measured values, as compared to other considered theories. Through skewness and kurtosis measurements, the shape of energy loss distribution is authenticated.

Energy loss straggling of energetic Li, C and O ions in varying thicknesses of self-supporting Titanium foils is measured, in the fractional energy loss limits (Delta E/E) similar to 5-50%. For these measurements, transmission technique is utilized and recorded energy spectra are estimated through Gauss fitting function. The measured straggling values are compared with the prediction of most commonly used collisional (Bohr, Lindhard-Scharff, Bethe-Livingston, Titeica) and collisional plus charge-exchange (Yang et al.) straggling formulations. Titeica theory, which is considering collisional straggling only, shows lesser deviations with the measured values. Based on the present measurements, the fitted relations for charge-exchange straggling is developed.

Based on the available measured energy loss data, the fitting coefficients involved in effective charge parameterization of Hubert a al. formulation are re-revised and developed the energy loss formulation for heavy ions with Z(1) = 3-36 in the energy region similar to 0.2-3.0 MeV/n. The computed values based on the presently developed formulation are compared with the measured values and found good agreement in both elemental and polymeric materials.

Energy loss and associated parameters (energy loss straggling, skewness and kurtosis), in energy loss spectrum of Li, C and O ions, are measured in varying thicknesses of Ni metallic foils. Energy loss and straggling measured values are compared with the corresponding computed values adopting respective theoretical/semi-empirical formulations, with the motive to identify the best formulation. Further, skewness and kurtosis are measured to confirm the shape of recorded energy spectra. The study of these parameters, for different ion beams in variety of target materials, is important for understanding of basic ion-matter interaction processes as well as these parameters are used as inputs in various computer simulation codes (SIMNRA, RUMP, NDF) for the analysis of energy spectra obtained through different ion beam techniques.

Black gram, (Vigna mungo L.) is an important short duration pulse crop grown throughout the year in India under different agro climatic conditions. In India the total production of black gram is 1.74 million tonnes from an area of 3.26 million ha with a productivity of 534 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2012). The diseases powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni is one of the economically important disease in black gram which occurs at later stages of crop growth causing an yield loss of 20 per cent (Singh, 1995). Environmental factors have major role in disease development so epidemiological study is necessary for management disease.

The energy loss straggling of 5.486 MeV alpha-particles in Tb, Ta and Au metallic foils (varying thicknesses 4.20-16.00 mg/cm(2)) is measured, in the fractional energy loss limits (Delta E/E %) similar to 20-85, using transmission technique. These measured straggling values are compared with the predicted values based on Bohr, Lindhard and Scharff, Bethe and Livingston, Yang et al. and Titeica analytical straggling formulas. The present comparison reveals that the prediction of Titeica straggling formula shows better agreement with the measured values as compared to other considered straggling formulas. Here, Titeica formula based predicted values show generally similar to 0.60-1.30 times deviation with the presently measured straggling values.

The energy loss and range of 5.486MeV -particles in Tb, Ta and Au metallic foils is measured, through transmission technique. These measured values are compared with the corresponding computed values adopting commonly used theoretical/semi-empirical formulations (Grande and Schiwietz (CasP 5.2 code), Northcliffe and Schilling, Benton and Henke, ICRU-49 report (ASTAR code) and Ziegler et al. (SRIM-2013.00 code)), with the intention to check the accuracy of the considered formulations.

Abstract-In this research paper in we want to focus on Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure that Government services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity or by making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology. The initiative includes plans to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks. Digital India consists of three core components, (a) development of secure and stable digital infrastructure, (b) delivering government services digitally, and (c) universal digital literacy. Digital India for empowered society and knowledge economy it approved by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi. This is a follow up to the key decisions taken on the design of the programme on August 7, 2014, and to sensitize all ministries to this vast programme touching every corner of the government. It has been covered nearly all aspect which related to current scenario for digital adaptation era.

The energy loss straggling for α-particles, in the fractional energy loss limits (ΔE/E)~10–75%, has been measured in varying thicknesses of Aluminum, Titanium and Nickel metallic foils. These measured values have been compared with the corresponding computed values adopting different theoretical/semi-empirical formulations viz. Bohr, Lindhard and Scharff, Bethe–Livingston, Yang et al. and Titeica. The purpose of this comparison is to recognize the best formulation for such straggling calculations.

dE/dx and range of alpha-radiations in Al, Ti and Ni metallic foils have been measured using silicon surface barrier detector. These measured values have been compared with corresponding predicted values based on most extensively used formulations viz. Grande and Schiwietz (CasP), Northcliffe and Schilling, Benton and Henke, ICRU-49 report (ASTAR) and Ziegler et al. (SRIM). The aim of this comparison is to identify the formulation that shows good agreement with the presently measured values. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Energy loss and straggling in Ag and Sn metallic foils for a-particles, using Am-241 source, are measured. The measured energy loss values are compared with the predicted values based on Benton and Henke, Grande and Schiwietz (CasP), Ziegler et al. (SRIM) formulations and ICRU-49 report (ASTAR). Also, measured straggling values of alpha-particles are compared with the computed values adopting practically used four collisional (Bohr, Lindhard and Scharff, Bethee-Livingston, Titeica) formulations and one collisional plus charge exchange (Yang et al.) straggling formulation. The aim of the comparison is to identify the best energy loss and straggling formulation. Copyright (C) 2015, The Egyptian Society of Radiation Sciences and Applications. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

The energy loss straggling of Li and C ions in Al foils of various thicknesses has been measured, within the fractional energy loss limit (∆E/E) ∼ 10–60%. These measurements have been performed using the 15UD Pelletron accelerator facility available at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India. The measured straggling values have been compared with the corresponding predicted values adopting popularly used collisional straggling formulations viz Bohr, Lindhard and Scharff, Bethe–Livingston, Titeica. In addition, the experimental data has been compared to the Yang et al. empirical formula and Close Form Model, recently proposed by Montanari et al. The straggling values derived by Titeica theory were found to be in better agreement with the measured values as compared to other straggling formulations. The charge-exchange straggling component has been estimated from the measured data based on Titeica’s theory. Finally, a function of the ion effective charge and the energy loss fraction within the target has been fitted to the latter straggling component.

Concept of Work-Life balance is gaining importance in all the sectors from academics to the corporate but it is essential not to miss out the nucleus aspect i.e. self, our relationship with ourselves and then with the other roles of life. Healthier & balanced the relationship with self, stronger & better will be the connection with life’s other roles, be it personal or professional. 'Need prevails when deficiency arises'. People are failing to find a point of balance, where they can help self, life and then the organization for which they work. We all are born as leaders and we are born with great harmony and with growing years we damage the accord and become an ordinary person. This paper will reveal the ways to be leader again and gain the great blessed harmony and help our organizations to perform. The qualitative analysis in the paper will focus on teachers, trainers and facilitators in academic institution. This will acknowledge their difficult role in counseling, guiding and managing the tensions of an organization with a dual purpose: An overall development of students and elements of vocation as well as service to others at its core, with managing the self, life & workplace imbalance.