Studies on the transferring of technology and knowledge (T&K) to developing nations frequently encounter methodological difficulties, resulting in conflicting findings. Conventional quantitative approaches often face challenges in effectively capturing the intricate relationships among variables. This study, therefore, addresses the challenges of T&K in developing nations, particularly within Pakistan's agricultural sector. To enhance our understanding, in our current study we utilized Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, or fsQCA by evaluating expert responses from Pakistan's agricultural sector, our findings reveal two critical configurations that facilitate successful T&K transfer: 1) effective educational systems, robust industry institutions, and reduced congestion among firms; and 2) enhanced industry institutions, a combination of government policy incentives, and efficient education. This study offers a valuable addition to the existing literature on T&K transfer, specifically focus on the South Asian context.

Cauliflower is a key vegetable crop in India, contributing to food security. This study assessed the knowledge and adoption of recommended cauliflower cultivation practices among 120 farmers in Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi season of 2021-22. A multistage random sampling method was used, and data were collected through structured interviews. Results showed that 65 percent of farmers had moderate knowledge, 20 percent high, and 15 percent low. Farmers had significant knowledge of sowing time (94.17%), seed rate (76.677%), and irrigation management (75%), while seed treatment (43.33%) and pesticide use (47.57%) were less understood. Adoption levels categorized 61.66 percent as medium adopters, 20 percent as high adopters, and 18.33 percent as low adopters. Key challenges included pest infestations, high input costs, insufficient storage and limited access to credit. The study emphasizes the need for training, better extension services, and infrastructure improvements to boost productivity and sustainability in cauliflower farming in Uttar Pradesh.. KEYWORDS :Cauliflower cultivation, Extension services, Disease-resistant varieties, Policy measures, Sustainable development.

An experiment was conducted at Student’s Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad to find out the integrated management of downy mildew. Yellow sarson varieties/entries under test showed variable downy mildew disease response for both the years. NDYS 2018, showed least susceptibility followed by NDYS 132-2 during 2006-07, while in 2007-08, NDYS 115-1 proved most susceptible followed by NDYS 2. In general highest disease intensity was recorded in 20th October sown crop as compared to 30th and 10th November sown crop during both the years. Second date of sowing (30th October) showed lower downy mildew intensity of 26.98 and 29.77% during 2006-07 and 2007-08, respectively. However, higher test weight and seed yield (3.75 and 3.70 g and 1385.73 and 1356.98 kg ha-1) were noted in first date of sowing i.e., 20th October in respective years. In respect of varieties, YST 151 showed lower downy mildew intensity of 27.59 and 30.26% and higher test weight of 3.75 and 3.68 g and seed yield of 1391.88 and 1363.07 kg ha-1 as compared to NDYS 2. Companion 0.15% was found most effective in reducing the disease severity and enhancing the test weight and seed yield during the years of testing followed by Mancozeb 0.2%. Maximum downy mildew intensity and minimum test weight and seed yield were noted in control plot.

A field experiment was conducted during rabi of 2006-07 and 2007-08 to study the severity, comparative preponderance, cultural and morphological variability of Alternaria spp.causing Alternaria blight of yellow sarson (Brassica campestris L. var.yellow sarson Prain) in field as well as in laboratory of Plant Pathology (NDUAT, Kumarganj, Faizabad).Alternaria blight initiated earliest on second week of December during both the years in the cultivars NDYS 2 and NDYS 2018 attaining highest PDI of 69.90 and 69.95% during first year and 75.60 and 76.65% during second year, respectively in 20 October sown crop.Among the entries average maximum colony diameter of A. brassicae was noted in NDYS 2018 (35.67 mm) with range of 34-38 mm followed by NDYS 123 (34.67 mm) with range of 33-37 mm and NDYS 2 (34.33 mm) with range of 32-36 mm.Both the species i.e. A. brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola were isolated from infected leaf, stem and pods.Average maximum conidial width of A. brassicae and A. brassicicola was noted in case of leaves (20.57µ and 12.60 µ) followed by pods (19.11 µ and 11.59 µ) and stem (14.74 µ and 10.93 µ), respectively.Frequency of occurrence of Alternaria brassicae was noted higher in case of affected leaves and pods, while Alternaria brassicicola was found higher in affected stem.Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola isolates obtained from leaves, stem and pods showed variability in colony diameter, shape and size of conidiophores, conidia and septation in conidia.

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Tuberculosis can involve most of the body parts, and tubercular lymphadenitis is common. But isolated involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes without lung parenchymal involvement is rare in adults. A 45-year-old lady presented with subcarinal lymph node enlargement. A conventional transbronchial needle aspiration done at a local hospital was inconclusive. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was done. Cytology showed epithelioid histiocytes and caseous necrosis. Stain for acid-fast bacilli and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test for tuberculosis were positive. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a minimally invasive bronchoscopic technique to visualize and sample mediastinal lymph nodes. However, its availability is limited to specific centers and expertise is required to interpret images and take diagnostic samples.

Abdominal trauma management has seen a paradigm shift over the last few decades. There is wide variation in the treatment depending on the level of healthcare facilities available. With an aim to standardise the treatment of solid organ injuries in blunt abdominal trauma, Indian Society for Trauma and Acute Care (ISTAC®) formulated consensus guidelines to benefit doctors engaged in trauma care in the country.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. It primarily affects the lungs and lymphatics; however, the presentation is not always pulmonary. Uveitis is the presenting symptom in 5% of patients, predominantly in females. Cystoid macular edema is the most important sight-threatening sequela of ocular sarcoidosis. Histopathological evidence of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas from a biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is made by exclusion of other causes of granulomatous disease, mainly tuberculosis and fungal infection and documentation of involvement of at least one additional organ system. The authors present a case of a patient with sarcoidosis involving lungs and eyes, who had uveitis as an initial presentation.

Background: Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgeries done worldwide. Most common indication is biliary colic due to cholelithiasis. Presently most cholecystectomies are done by laparoscopic approach, however conversion to open cholecystectomy is needed in few circumstances and there are some absolute indications for open cholecystectomy where laparoscopic procedure can’t be done.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 50 open cholecystectomies operated during March 2017 to Feb 2019 in our medical college. Various data including demographic data of patients, different indications, post-operative complications were documented and analyzed.Results: Mean age of the patients was 40.58 (16-65) years. Female patients were more in number 32 (64%) when compared with males. Maximum patients were in the age group 31-40 years accounting to 17 (34%) of study population. Pain abdomen 24 (48%) was the chief presenting complaint. Cholelithiasis 38 (76%) was the major indication for surgery. Complications like bile leak, bleeding, subphrenic abscess and infection occurred in 04 (08%) patients. Total four cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were converted to open cholecystectomy. Mean hospital stay was 7.48 (5-14) days.Conclusions: Even though laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard in the present era, it is important that the surgeon is also competent in doing open cholecystectomy. Certain conditions require planned open cholecystectomy as the standard procedure. In difficult laparoscopic cases, the surgeon must take timely decision to convert to the open technique. Surgeons experience and proper clinical judgment skills are important in difficult cases.

Introduction: This study is designed to evaluate the work-related musculoskeletal disorders among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to disclose the incidence, location, and intensity of musculoskeletal pain among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. A questionnaire study was designed. One hundred and fifty-six oral and maxillofacial surgeons participated in the survey working in different centers of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Demographic information, type of professional practice, duration of working hours, and posture of working were collected. If occupation-induced musculoskeletal pain was present, its location, intensity, and the preventive measure employed were noted. Results: It was observed that majority of the oral and maxillofacial surgeons were practicing exclusive oral and maxillofacial surgical practice, and they employ both sitting and standing postures to carry out their professional work. Lack of availability of a well-qualified/trained assistant in addition to the lack of sophisticated equipment was noted to be the cause for occupation-induced musculoskeletal disorders. Majority of the participants have lower back pain with a visual analog scale score of 4. The pain occurred more often in younger individuals. It was believed by most of the participants that a good physical exercise in the morning helps prevent such occupation-induced musculoskeletal disorders. Discussion: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to their unique work are more prone to muscle imbalances, and hence, ergonomic interventions are essential to maintain optimal health during the course of their professional career.

Background Cancer cervix is the fourth most common cancer and a fourth common cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. In India, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women and approximately 70% of patients present at an advanced stage with one-third of them in obstructive uropathy. The present study aims to analyze the outcomes of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), as a urinary diversion technique, in advanced cancer cervix. Methods All patients with advanced cancer cervix with bilateral hydronephrosis or unilateral hydronephrosis with elevated serum creatinine (> 1.4 mg/dl) who underwent PCN in the Department of Urology, JIPMER, between November 2014 and December 2016 were included in the study in a prospective manner. The change in blood urea and serum creatinine levels was estimated by paired t test. The complications were graded according to the modified Clavien classification system. Results A total of 368 patients underwent PCN in the study period out of which 133 were due to cancer cervix. There were no failure or intraoperative complications during the procedure. There were no deaths noted until the follow-up period of 30 days. Only two patients developed sepsis. Out of 20 (15%) patients who developed haematuria, four (20%) required blood transfusion and was self-limiting in 16 (80%) patients. Reinsertion of PCN was required in 11 patients within a month. Conclusions Percutaneous nephrostomy is a safe and effective procedure in advanced cancer cervix with obstructive uropathy.

To assess the effect of maternal occupational tobacco handling (bidi rolling) on cord serum leptin levels. We enrolled 64 neonates born to women who were bidi-rollers, and 64 small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and 57 term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates born to mothers with no tobacco exposure. Cord blood leptin levels between the groups were compared. Adjusted mean difference in leptin was calculated using regression model. Cord leptin showed moderate correlation with birthweight (r=0.16; P=0.027) across the groups. Mean (SD) cord serum leptin levels (ng/mL) of study group was 19.79 (13.32), in comparison to 21.4 (13.4) of SGA (P=0.497), and 27.70 (13.96) of term AGA (P=0.002). Maternal occupational tobacco exposure contributed to significant decrease in cord leptin (adjusted mean difference (95%CI): −4.5 ng/mL (−8.82, −0.19); P=0.041). Maternal occupational tobacco exposure causes significant reduction in fetal leptin levels.

Background: Treating the hemorrhoids is one of the most challenging in field of surgeries in which different approaches (methods) are used to treat hemorrhoids. Hence, three different methods were used and compared the manometric and clinical results. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 patients having symptomatic Grade II or III internal hemorrhoids were considered in the study. All the patients were grouped into three groups. The Group A was treated with rubber band ligation (RBL); Group B was treated with electrotherapy; and Group C was treated with hemorrhoidectomy, and the manometric study of the each group was compared. Results: Clinical manifestations were classified with percentage. The manometric values were compared in Grades II and III maximum squeezing pressure, mean squeezing pressure had there was statistically significant values (P < 0.01). Manometric changes in RBL, before ligation and after ligation, were compared, and all the values were highly significant (P < 0.01). The different manometric parameters were compared at electrotherapy before and after electrotherapy, and all the statistical values including volume of first sensation and maximum tolerate volume were also highly significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that electrotherapy was safe, effective, and simple method to treat Grades II and III uncomplicated internal hemorrhoids and had little post-operative pain and least changes in an rectal manometric value.

Big data analytics and data mining are techniques used to analyze data and to extract hidden information. Traditional approaches to analysis and extraction do not work well for big data because this data is complex and of very high volume. A major data mining technique known as data clustering groups the data into clusters and makes it easy to extract information from these clusters. However, existing clustering algorithms, such as k-means and hierarchical, are not efficient as the quality of the clusters they produce is compromised. Therefore, there is a need to design an efficient and highly scalable clustering algorithm. In this paper, we put forward a new clustering algorithm called hybrid clustering in order to overcome the disadvantages of existing clustering algorithms. We compare the new hybrid algorithm with existing algorithms on the bases of precision, recall, F-measure, execution time, and accuracy of results. From the experimental results, it is clear that the proposed hybrid clustering algorithm is more accurate, and has better precision, recall, and F-measure values.

In recent years, huge amounts of structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data have been generated by various institutions around the world and, collectively, this heterogeneous data is referred to as big data. The health industry sector has been confronted by the need to manage the big data being produced by various sources, which are well known for producing high volumes of heterogeneous data. Various big-data analytics tools and techniques have been developed for handling these massive amounts of data, in the healthcare sector. In this paper, we discuss the impact of big data in healthcare, and various tools available in the Hadoop ecosystem for handling it. We also explore the conceptual architecture of big data analytics for healthcare which involves the data gathering history of different branches, the genome database, electronic health records, text/imagery, and clinical decisions support system.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 and 2013 at BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the growth, yield and quality parameters influenced by different sulphur levels and intercropping systems. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand having pH 7.35, organic carbon (0.37%), available nitrogen (205 kg N/ha), phosphorus (25 kg P2O5 /ha) and potash (216 kg K2O/ha). The treatments consisted of five intercropping systems [castor + mungbean (1:1), castor + mungbean (1:2), castor + mungbean (1:3), castor + mungbean (2:2 paired row) and castor + mungbean (2:3 paired row)] and four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha) were taken in strip plot design with three replications. Intercropping system (castor + mungbean, 1:1 ratio) resulted in taller plants which was at par with castor + mungbean (1:2) ratio. Application of sulphur @ 60 and 40 kg/ha producedstatistically similar plant height, but significantly higher than application of sulphur @ 0 and 20 kg/ha. Dry weight of castor was higher in castor + mungbean (1:1 and 1:2 ratios) than castor + mungbean (2:2 and 2:3 ratios) of castor and mungbean crops. The highest dry matter accumulation was recorded with the application of 60 kg S/ha which was at par with 40 kg S/ha, while dry matter accumulation was lowest with no S application. During the year 2013, significantly higher seed yield (1428 kg/ha), stalk yield (2548 kg/ha) and biological yield (3977 kg/ha) ofmungbean was recorded in castor + mungbean (1:1) intercropping and gradually reduced with increase in row proportion. Similar trend was followed in year 2012. The highest grain, stalk and biological yields of castor and mungbean were recorded with application of 60 kg S/ha (1045, 1740, 2786 and 1364, 2408, 3771 during 2012 and 2013 respectively) which was statistically similar with S40 during both years of study. Higher carbohydrate per cent,protein yield and protein per cent were recorded with castor + mungbean (1:1) which was statistically similar with castor + mungbean (1:2) during both the years of study.

This paper presents a forward converter using a demagnetization scheme that transfers the magnetization energy to the load, directly, instead of transferring back to the source. A forward converter uses a tertiary winding to transfer the magnetization energy fed back to the source, as a result of which, the twice processed power, increases and affects the performance of the converter by lowering the efficiency. This problem is mitigated in the present scheme by means of transferring the energy stored in the magnetizing inductor to the load, directly. The efficiency of the converter has improved as validated by simulation results for a converter of rating 24 Volts and 24 Watts.

The use of medical imaging has increased manifold in past decade. The medical images have become more and more informative about the patient's anatomy. Thus, the medical images are now not only used for diagnosis purpose but also stored for R&D purpose in order to have better understanding and deeper insights into the cause and cure of various diseases. For real-time retrieval of medical images from such storage repositories there is a grave need of an effective and efficient biomedical image indexing and retrieval approach. In this quest, this paper presents a new approach for the retrieval of CT and MR images using orthogonal Fourier-Mellin moments (OFMMs). OFMMs have excellent information representation capability that enables them to pack the entire image information in very less number of coefficients. This property makes the proposed approach not only effective but also computationally very efficient and most favorable among all the existing approaches. The proposed approach has been tested and compared with numerous existing, state-of-the-art as well as recently published biomedical indexing and retrieval approaches on four standard databases namely, Emphysema Cr, NEMA Cr, NEMA MRI and OASIS MRI. Additional experiments have been conducted to analyze the noise robustness ability of the proposed and all the compared approaches. The reported results show a significant increase of about 7% and 20% (average) in the retrieval rate of the proposed approach over all the existing approaches on noise free and noisy images, respectively, of all four test medical databases. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.