A solution for the lithospheric deformation of a uniform, elastically isotropic layer (EIL) of uniform thickness welded with a uniform, elastically orthotropic half-space (EOHS) due to a vertical tensile line fault (VTLF) with an opening in the horizontal direction located in the isotropic layer is derived in the integral form by employing Airy’s stress function approach for the plane strain case. The linear combination of exponential terms appearing in the denominator of the integral expressions of the deformation field of the EIL is expressed as a finite sum of exponential terms (FSET) by applying the method of least squares to analytically compute the deformation field. The displacement field is discussed in detail and computed numerically by considering the EOHS as olivine or barytes material or considering half-space to be isotropic.

The axisymmetric deformation (ASD) for a homogeneous, isotropic layer of uniform thickness overlying a rough-rigid base (RRB) due to surface loads is obtained. The governing equations for an isotropic medium are solved using Hankel transform (HT) technique. The solution is obtained in the integral- form under surface loads by applying the boundary conditions. The case of normal line loading and normal disc loading are discussed. The linear sum of exponential terms (SET) appearing in the denominator is expanded as a convergent SET using the least square approximations to evaluate the integral- form displacements and the stresses analytically. The displacement and the stress field is discussed graphically for normal line loading and normal disc loading.

In the present paper, we have studied the two-dimensional deformation of an elastically orthotropic layer of finite thickness overlying a rough-rigid base due to surface loads. For a two-dimensional approximation, the governing equations are split into two cases: plane strain and anti-plane strain case. We consider plane strain case only. The Airy stress function approach is used to obtain the stresses and displacements in the integral form at any point of the layer. To solve the integrals analytically, the linear combination of exponential terms occurring in the denominator is expanded by binomial expression and then approximated by a finite sum of exponential terms using the least square method. Then, the integrals are evaluated using standard integral tables. The analytical expressions for the displacements are obtained for the normal line loading. Two orthotropic materials, such as Topaz and Barytes, have been considered and graphs showing the displacement field for Topaz, Barytes and the isotropic case have been plotted.

A closed form solution for the static deformation of an Earth model with a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic layer of uniform thickness resting on a smooth rigid base has been studied. The deformation is caused by a vertical dip-slip fault situated inside the elastic layer. The Airy stress function approach was utilized to obtain integral expressions for stresses and displacements by imposing suitable boundary conditions at the free surface. Integrals expressions are evaluated with the help of extended Simpson’s formula. Profiles of displacement as well as stress distributions in case of vertical dip-slip fault have been examined numerically and shown graphically through MATLAB programming.

The antiplane deformation of a two layered model consisting of a homogeneous, elastically isotropic (HEI) stratum of finite thickness lying on a HEI substratum occurring from a buried inclined strike-slip fault (ISF) situated in the stratum has been studied. The stratum is in welded contact with the substratum having different rigidity. The integral expressions for the deformation field occurring from a long strike-slip line dislocation for the antiplane strain case have been obtained using Fourier transform approach. The integrals have been solved analytically by expanding the denominator into a finite sum of exponential terms (FSET) using least square method. Further, the deformation is obtained for a long buried ISF of finite width via integrating over the width of line dislocation. The variation of the displacement has been computed graphically with respect to the epicentral distance as well as with depth.

The two-dimensional deformation of a uniform, elastically isotropic layer of a finite thickness (FT) over a rough-rigid base caused by surface loads has been solved analytically. The stresses and the displacements for an isotropic layer are obtained in the integral form by applying the Airy’s stress function approach. Using the appropriate boundary conditions, the problem of surface loads is discussed in detail. The integrals cannot be evaluated analytically due to the complicated expression of denominator. The linear combination of exponential terms occurring in the denominator is expanded by a finite sum of exponential terms (FSET) using the method of least squares and then the integrals are evaluated analytically. The analytical displacements are obtained for normal strip loading, normal line loading and shear line loading. The displacements have been plotted numerically for normal strip loading to find the effect of layer thickness for a Poissonian layer and compared with the half-space.

The displacements and the stresses for postseismic deformation (PSD) at an arbitrary point induced by a long inclined dip-slip fault of finite width embedded in a homogeneous, elastically isotropic (HEI) half-space are obtained. The coseismic deformation field is represented by the elastic solution and the PSD is found on subtracting the elastic solution from the viscoelastic solution. The correspondence principle (CP) of linear viscoelasticity is applied to get the viscoelastic displacements and stresses at any point of the HEI half-space. The displacements and the stresses are used to study the effect of relaxation time for various dip angles. Graphs depicting the behavior of the coseismic and postseismic stresses with the epicentral distance are plotted. Contour maps for the postseismic displacements are plotted for various dip-angles for different relaxation times.

A thin film of thermochromic VO2 was prepared on m-Al2O3 substrate using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The epitaxial growth of the monoclinic M1 phase of VO2 on the m-Al2O3 substrate was confirmed through synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The transformation of this monoclinic M1 phase into a rutile phase at ~68 °C was reflected in the temperature-dependent XRD measurements of the VO2 thin film. The temperature-dependent electrical resistance measurements of this sample also revealed an abrupt metal-to-insulator transition at ~68 °C, which is reversible in nature. Temperature-dependent X-ray absorption (XAS) measurements at V L-edge and O K-edge were performed to study the electronic structure of the epitaxial VO2/m-Al2O3 thin film during the metal-to-insulator (MIT) transition.

A detailed solution for the lithospheric plane strain deformation of a two-layer composition consisting of a homogeneous, elastically isotropic (HEI) stratum of finite thickness lying on a homogeneous, elastically orthotropic substratum (OSS) produced by two-dimensional faulting placed in the isotropic stratum has been obtained. We find the deformation field in the integral form employing Airy’s stress function method, assuming the upper surface to be traction free. The denominator is approximated as a finite sum of exponential terms (FSET) using the least square method to calculate the integrals analytically. The deformation field for a vertical dip-slip (VDS) line dislocation is elaborated. The displacement field in the stratum assuming the OSS as Olivine or Barytes has been compared with the isotropic case numerically for the continental crust model (CCM). Research highlights We obtain the analytical solution for an HEI stratum of finite thickness lying on a homogeneous elastically OSS by a VDS line dislocation placed in the stratum. We choose the two-dimensional approximation, and the stresses and displacement have been obtained in the integral form by applying Airy’s stress function approach. To evaluate the integrals analytically, we approximate the denominator as FSET using least square approximation and then the integrals are evaluated analytically using the standard integral tables. The expressions for displacement field has been obtained and plotted numerically for the CCM.

In the present paper, analytical expressions for a two-dimensional deformation of a homogeneous, elastically orthotropic layer of finite thickness overlying a rough-rigid base and smooth-rigid base (SRB) caused by surface loads have been obtained. For a two-dimensional approximation, the governing equations are decoupled into two cases: plane strain and antiplane strain case. We have considered antiplane strain case only. The integral form expressions for the stresses and displacement at any point of the finite layer overlying a rough-rigid or SRB, have been obtained, which have been evaluated analytically using integral transforms tables. The case of shear line loading is discussed elaborately. The displacement and the stresses have been plotted for the two orthotropic materials: Topaz and Barytes and compared with the isotropic case. It is found that there is a significant effect of base as well as anisotropy of material on the variation of displacement and stresses.

Closed-form solution for the plane strain problem of static deformation of a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic layer of uniform thickness resting over a rough rigid base caused by a vertical dip-slip fault located in the elastic layer has been studied. The stresses and displacements have been obtained using the Airy stress function approach in the integral form by applying suitable boundary conditions at the free surface. To evaluate the integrals analytically, the denominator term has been replaced with a finite sum of exponential terms using the Least Square approximation. The integral expressions for the displacements have been evaluated analytically. The variation of horizontal and vertical displacement has been computed numerically for different source locations for two mechanically different crusts: continental crust and oceanic crust.

Public Administration and DevelopmentEarly View BOOK REVIEW Critical perspectives on public systems management in India: Through the lens of district administrationBy Amar, K. J. R. Nayak and Ram Kumar, Kakani, New York: Routledge. 8 March 2021; 1st edn. Language: English. Hardcover: 176 pages. ISBN-13: 978-0367540234 Sunita Rani, Corresponding Author Sunita Rani sunita.rani19@gov.in orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-4524 Lal Bahadur Shashtri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Sunita Rani, Corresponding Author Sunita Rani sunita.rani19@gov.in orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-4524 Lal Bahadur Shashtri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 August 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1994Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

A von Hamos Bragg crystal spectrometer at 1C beamline of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is described. Diced Si crystals of different orientations ([111], [110], [100], and [311]) are glued onto a planoconcave glass substrate having 250/500 mm radius of curvature. To enhance the spectrometer efficiency, the length of the crystal analyzer is kept 200 mm. The emission spectra of Cu foil and Fe foil and elastic scattering from Al foil are measured using the von Hamos geometry in which curved crystals disperse the x-rays. Spectrometer efficiency and energy resolution are measured at various x-ray photon energies. X-rays are incident at 6.54 keV, 9.00 keV, 9.205 keV, and 11.51 keV for Si(440), Si(444), Si(800), and Si(933) crystal analyzers, respectively. The cylindrical figured analyzer is placed near 80° with respect to the sample, which gives better energy resolution. The spectrometer efficiency of the Si(444) crystal analyzer increases by ∼2 times when the length of the analyzer is increased from 100 mm to 200 mm. Furthermore, to measure Fe Kα1, Kα2, and Kβ simultaneously, we made a mixed crystal analyzer in which alternative strips of Si[111] and Si[110] are glued onto one preshaped cylindrical substrate. The enhanced efficiency and simultaneous measurement of Kα and Kβ emission lines will give an edge over in situ and time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy studies. The information extracted with a high efficiency spectrometer from low intensity XES emission lines will be useful for the in situ elemental characterization in catalytic reactions.

The glass system with composition (70-x)B2O3 center dot 20ZnO center dot 10BaO center dot xLi(2)O (x=0,5,10,15,20,25) has been prepared using normal melt quench process. XRD measurement was done to verify the amorphous phase of the system. The glass transition temperature was calculated using DSC and was found to increase initially at low content of Li2O and decreased at high content of Li2O. Various physical properties density, molar volume are also calculated. The optical band gap is measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy.

Lead-free V doped Barium Zirconium Titanate (BZT) ceramic was synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. Single phase of ceramic material was confirmed by XRD analysis. Rietveld refinement of XRD data shows that the sample has tetragonal phase having space group P4/mmm. Surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows grains were random and irregular in shape. In the dielectric properties, the effect of frequency and temperature on dielectric constant was investigated. The substitution of V ion on B site decreases the Curie temperature than pure BaTiO3. Theoretical fitting of Curie-Weiss law and Power law of dielectric data was confirmed the diffused phase transition in ceramic material. Doping of V in BZT has ferroelectric character with large value of remnant polarization, coercive field and Pr/Ps ratio. The results shows that the studied composition is suitable for capacitor applications

A quaternary glass system with compositions TeO2-Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO has been prepared by melt-quench method. The calculated values of density, molar volume and crystalline volume were found to increase with bismuth content. The absorption edge shifts towards lower wavelength side for all the compositions except x = 20 mol%. The optical band gap energy has been evaluated from extrapolation of Tauc's plot results and Urbach energy has been estimated from linear fitting. The other optical parameters such as refractive index, molar refractivity and metallization criterion have also been discussed.

Strontium borate glasses are synthesized by melt-quench technique and amorphous nature is confirmed by X-Ray diffraction pattern. The calculated values of density are found to decrease with TiO2 while molar volume shows the reverse trend. The optical band gap values have been estimated from the fitting of Mott-Davis's and Hydrogenic Excitonic Model (HEM). The absorption edge has been determined from the extrapolation of optical absorption data which shift towards higher wavelength. Other optical parameters such as refractive index, molar refractivity, oxide ion polarizability, Urbach energy, optical basicity and metallization criterion has been also discussed.

The solution of fully coupled system of equations governing the axisymmetric quasi-static deformation of a poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability is employed to obtain the expressions for pore pressure, stresses and displacements in a soil stratum overlying a smooth-rigid pervious or impervious base. Both fluid as well as solid constituents are taken to be compressible. We use the stiffness formulation. The solution is obtained in the Laplace–Hankel transform domain. The problem of a normal circular loading is discussed in detail. The vertical settlement of the soil stratum and diffusion of pore-pressure in the stratum has been computed numerically in the space–time domain. The effect of anisotropic permeability and compressibilities of the fluid as well as solid constituents on the consolidation process is studied.

Glasses having composition 60TeO(2)-15V(2)O(5)-(25-x) ZnO-xLi(2)O where x= 0, 5, 10 mol% were prepared by standard melt quench technique. The glass transition temperature is measured by DSC technique using TA instrument and found to decrease with increase in Li2O signifies that glass formation tendency, thermal stability and compactness of glass structure decreases. The deconvolution of FTIR spectra evidenced the existence of TeO4, TeO3 and TeO6 structural units in glass network and vanadium exists as VO4 and VO5 structural units.