BACKGROUND:Personality disorders are highly prevalent worldwide imposing substantial personal and social challenges. Schema Therapy is an effective psychotherapeutic approach for personality pathology and other complex characterological problems. New scientific insights prompted a re-evaluation of its theoretical underpinnings leading to a reformulated Schema Therapy theory. Furthermore, the assumed cross-cultural universality of the Schema Therapy model has not been tested. AIMS:This project has two primary aims: (1) To develop revised instruments based on the reformulated theory that are psychometrically sound and valid across diverse cultures and languages. (2) To validate the Schema Therapy-related constructs and their inter-relationships across cultures. METHODS:New draft versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire, Schema Coping Inventory, and Schema Mode Inventory were developed. Before dissemination, these instruments will undergo rigorous psychometric evaluation to refine item sets and ensure linguistic and conceptual consistency. A minimum of 100 adult mental health patients and 100 non-patients from each participating country will complete the revised instruments. Sociodemographic and mental health-related variables will also be assessed. Statistical analyses will evaluate (a) internal consistency, (b) unidimensionality, (c) cross-cultural invariance, (d) factorial validity (if possible), and (e) known-group validity. Malfunctioning items will be deleted, and subscales will be shortened, if possible, targeting internal consistency of ≥.80. EXPECTED OUTCOMES:This study is expected to yield optimized versions of the three instruments aligned with the reformulated theory. These findings will inform subsequent international studies to further assess the structural and cross-cultural validity of the revised scales. The resulting empirically validated scales will be openly accessible, facilitating worldwide utilization. DISCUSSION:This protocol outlines the first international study based on the reformulated theory, aiming to extend the psychopathological coverage and enhance the cross-cultural application of evidence-based treatments for personality pathology. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Potential limitations are discussed.

Background: Older people living in nursing homes are vulnerable to anxiety, cognitive impairment, and poor sleep quality. This study aimed to examine the association between anxiety, cognitive function, and sleep quality among older people residing in nursing homes in Jakarta and Tangerang. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 residents from seven nursing homes using purposive sampling. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), cognitive function using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina), and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data was analyzed using chi-square tests and odds ratios. Results: Poor sleep quality was observed in 85.48% of participants, cognitive impairment in 83.87%, and anxiety in 29.31%. Anxiety (p = 0.03; OR = 3.46) and cognitive impairment (p = 0.01; OR = 7.15) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Anxiety and cognitive impairment are significantly associated with poor sleep quality among elderly nursing home residents.

Emotional-behavioral problems in children can manifest as negative behaviors and self-concepts. Parenting patterns and family relationships have an essential role in preventing emotional-behavioral problems in children, and both can prevent their occurrence. An essential role in emotional-behavioral problems in children, and both can prevent their occurrence. and SDN 10) in Penjaringan Subdistrict, North Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2019, involving 231 parents of public elementary school students in the Penjaringan Subdistrict who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis using SPSS 22.0. Elementary school students are in grades 4, 5, and 6, aged 10–14 years; 53.2% are male, and 11.7% of children have emotional behavior problems. This study shows that 18.7% of students with exposure parenting have emotional-behavioral problems, and 10.8% of children with extreme family relationships have emotional-behavioral problems. The bivariate analysis test (chi-square test) showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between emotional-behavioral problems and family relationships. Therefore, parents need to evaluate and increase awareness of the critical role of parents in the physical, psychological, and social development of children, especially in maintaining the quality of family relationships.

Latar Belakang: Gangguan Bipolar merupakan gangguan jiwa yang bersifat persistent, dialami seumur hidup, dan memiliki risiko tinggi terjadinya penyalahgunaan zat yang berdampak pada kualitas hidup yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat pengunaan zat dan kualitas hidup pada siswa SMA dengan risiko Gangguan Bipolar di Kelurahan Penjaringan Jakarta Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang pada 203 siswa SMA di Kelurahan Penjaringan Jakarta Utara. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner demografi, kuesioner World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), dan Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) yang diisi langsung oleh responden. Analisis data secara deskriptif dan bivariat (chi-square). Hasil: Sebanyak 96,6% responden didapatkan dengan risiko Gangguan Bipolar tipe I dan 3,4% tipe II. Terdapat (24.1%) responden dengan risiko Gangguan Bipolar memiliki riwayat penggunaan zat dengan zat terbanyak pada laki-laki adalah tembakau (84.6%) dan pada perempuan adalah alkohol (60%). Gambaran kualitas hidup buruk pada responden perempuan dijumpai pada domain hubungan sosial (38.9%), sedangkan gambaran kualitas hidup buruk pada laki-laki dijumpai pada domain hubungan sosial (27.1%) dan lingkungan (27.1%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara riwayat penggunaan zat dan kualitas hidup domain hubungan sosial pada responden dengan risiko Gangguan Bipolar (p=0.001; CI= 1505-5659; OR=2.918). Kesimpulan: Penderita Gangguan Bipolar dengan riwayat penggunaan zat memiliki kualitas hidup buruk pada domain hubungan sosial. Kata kunci: Gangguan Bipolar, kualitas hidup, remaja, riwayat penggunaan zat

Background and purpose: Anxiety is generally found in primary health care patients with physical problems and are often not treated. This condition can affect the patient's sleep quality. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan Public Health Center (PHC), North Jakarta.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 434 patients attending the health care service of Kecamatan Penjaringan PHC, North Jakarta from August to October 2019. Data was collected with demographic and drug consumption questionnaire, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis were including univariate and bivariate analysis conducted with SPSS 25.0.Results: There were 434 respondents aged 17-81 years old involved in the study, with an average age of 47.1 years, 72.4% of them were female, 56.2% with basic education, 54.8% were unemployed and 61.1% with low-income level. As high as 26.3% of the respondents were fallen into anxiety classification, including 19.4% mild anxiety, 5.5% moderate anxiety and 1.4% severe anxiety; while 53.5% of them reported poor sleep quality. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan PHC, North Jakarta (P<0.001). Patients with anxiety were 7.8 times (OR=7.819, 95%CI: 4.462-13.703) more likely to experience poor sleep quality than those without anxiety.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan PHC, North Jakarta. Detection of anxiety disorders and sleep quality should be considered as one essential part of patients’ care at PHC.

Pendahuluan: Masalah perilaku dan emosi anak dapat memengaruhi aktivitas anak sehari-hari termasuk proses belajar dan menimbulkan masalah sekolah yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya tingkat kehadiran di sekolah dan prestasi akademik. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang pada 515 siswa SD di Kecamatan Penjaringan Jakarta Utara. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) yang langsung diisi oleh siswa, buku absensi siswa, dan nilai Ujian Tengah Semester yang merupakan data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan bivariate (chi-square). Hasil: Terdapat 32% responden dengan masalah perilaku dan emosi, 2,9% dengan tingkat kehadiran yang rendah, dan 49,1% dengan prestasi akademik yang kurang. Terdapat 3,0% responden dengan masalah perilaku dan emosi yang memiliki tingkat kehadiran rendah. Sedangkan terdapat 52,1% responden dengan masalah perilaku dan emosi yang memiliki prestasi akademik yang kurang. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara masalah perilaku dan emosi terhadap tingkat kehadiran (p>0,05; 95% CI=0,316-2,799; OR=0,941) dan prestasi akademik (p>0,05; 95% CI=0,824-1,728; OR=1,193). Simpulan: Masalah perilaku dan emosi pada anak tidak menentukan tingkat kehadiran dan prestasi akademik anak SD.

Lack of sexual knowledge and increasing negative sexual attitudes in Indonesia could lead to risky sexual behavior. This problem increases teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and abortion among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes towards sexual behavior among junior high school students in West Jakarta. This study was cross-sectional, conducted on 544 junior high school students in West Jakarta. Measuring instruments used were characteristic questionnaires, sexual knowledge questionnaires, sexual attitude questionnaires, and sexual behavior questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using bivariate (chi-square). This study shows 79.2% of the respondents had low sexual knowledge, 45.6% respondents had negative sexual behavior, and 48.2% respondents had risky sexual behavior. This study finds that most male respondents had low sexual knowledge (80.8%), low sexual attitude (56.8%), and “less-safe” risky sexual behavior (60.0%), while “not-safe” risky sexual behavior (2.7%) was found higher in female respondents. Bivariate analysis shows a significant relationship between sexual knowledge (p=0.006; 95% OR=1.763 |95% CI=1.151-2.698) and sexual attitude (p=<0.001; OR=2.852 | 95% CI=2.012-4.043) towards sexual behavior. In conclusion, low sexual knowledge and negative sexual attitudes increase the risk of risky sexual behavior.

Introduction: Depression is the most common mental disorder. Depression of outpatients in primary health care is frequently unrecognized. It might affect sleep quality, which is associated with worse quality of life, poor medication adherence, higher morbidity, and mortality. The study aimed to determine the association between depression and sleep quality of outpatients in Penjaringan Primary Health Care, Jakarta. Method: This research was observational analytic using a cross-sectional approach involving 434 outpatients in Penjaringan Primary Health Care, Jakarta. The study was conducted from August until September 2019. Instruments used in this research were the demographic questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression (SDS) questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data analytics were bivariate. Results: There were 19.1% of respondents had depression, including 12.2% mild depression, 5.8% moderate depression, and 1.2% severe depression. There were 53.5% of respondents had poor sleep quality. There was a significant relationship (p<0.001, OR=7.814) between depression and sleep quality in outpatients. The results also showed that depression scores were moderately correlated with sleep disturbances (r=0.434). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of depression and poor sleep quality among outpatients. Depression was associated with a 7.8 times higher risk of having poor sleep quality and also correlated with the components of sleep quality especially sleep disturbance.

BackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder commonly experience sleeping problems. On the other hand, sleep disturbances have been suggested as one of the symptoms that indicate the development of bipolar disorder. Considering the detrimental effect of bipolar disorder, especially in young people, this study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and risk of bipolar disorder in senior high school students. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 725 senior high school students. The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI ICD-10), Hypomania/Mania Symptom Checklist (HCL-32), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Univariate and bivariate (simple logistic regression) analyses were performed to evaluate the relation between sleep quality and the risk of bipolar disorder.ResultsAround 28% of subjects were at risk of bipolar disorder, of which 96.6% were prone to type I, and the rest were type II. Most of the participants with bipolar disorder (64%) had poor sleep quality. The percentage of participants with type I bipolar disorder that had poor sleep quality was higher than that of type II (65.3% and 28.6%, respectively). There was a significant relationship between bipolar disorder and sleep quality (OR = 2.2; 95% CI=1.581-3.087; p=0.000). ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that in senior high school students, bipolar disorder increased the risk of poor sleep quality. Assessment of sleep disturbances routinely in psychiatric interviews may improve sleep quality. Keywords: Bipolar disorder, sleep quality, senior high school student

BackgroundFamily support and low discrimination perceptions are a factor in protecting against mental disorders and poor quality of life in male to female (MtF) gender dysphoric individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the role of family factors, peer support, self-esteem, perceived discrimination, depression, anxiety, and stress on the quality of life among MtF gender dysphoric individuals. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 MtF gender dysphoric individuals of Sanggar Swara Jakarta. Respondents filled out questionnaires on demographics, WHOQL-BREF, perceived discrimination, Rosenberg self-esteem, family support, social support (SSQ6), family relations (FACES III), and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS). Simple and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong the 106 MtF gender dysphoric individuals of Sanggar Swara Jakarta with an age range of 18-45 years, 78.3% had no family support, 64.1% no peer support, 62.3% high perception discrimination, 64.1% low self-esteem, 36% extreme family relations, 44.3% depression, 59.4% anxiety, 35.8% stress and 62.3% poor quality of life. Employment, perception of discrimination, self-esteem, family support, and anxiety were significantly associated with quality of life (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that perceived discrimination (Odds Ratio=13.89; 95% CI: 5.89-11.99), and family support (Odds Ratio=29.11; 95% CI: 2.45-8.21) were significantly associated with quality of life. Conclusion High perceived discrimination and no family support increase the risk of poor quality of life in MtF gender dysphoric individuals. These findings suggest the need for prevention and intervention of stigmatization and discrimination that should have a special focus on families with MtF gender dysphoric individuals.