The key features of the modified form of implementation of supervisory activities by state fire supervision authorities are considered, related both to the exclusion from the plan of carrying out planned control (supervisory) activities in relation to objects of protection with an assigned risk category below «high», and with the fact that in order to carry out unscheduled control (supervisory) activities, a reasoned and justified decision of the supervisory authority is required, supported by the occurrence of one of the grounds in the list established by clause 3, part (a) of the Government Resolution Russian Federation «On the features of the organization and implementation of state control». The problem of the increase in the number of fires is touched upon at protection facilities of a significant risk category. It has been stated that only subject to an integrated approach to compliance with the procedure and rules for certification of specialists, as well as effective control and supervision by the competent authorities, together with the introduction of a number of specific liability measures, can positive results in the field of fire safety be expected. It is concluded that the principles of the modern approach to ensure fire safety are based on strengthening the institution of responsibility on the part of persons carrying out commercial activities in this area.

Relevance . One of the factors decreasing total motility after cryopreservation rooster’s sperm is influence of reactive oxygen species. Morphological and biochemical features of avian spermatozoa structure, which make them more susceptible to cryopreservation process compared to mammalian spermatozoa, may also be the reason why avian spermatozoa are more susceptible to oxidative stress. Methods . The purpose of the study is to trace the change in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, in particular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), during the cryopreservation of rooster sperm, to assess its effect on the quality and viability of sperm. Results . A negative correlation (r = -0.68, p < 0.05) was found between the intracellular level of hydrogen peroxide and the number of dead cells in native sperm. In the frozen (thawed) seed, a weak relationship was observed between these indicators (r = -0.10). There was a significant effect of the level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide in freshly obtained ejaculates on the overall mobility of frozen (thawed) semen (r = -0.65, p < 0.05). This allows us to assume that, similarly to mammalian spermatozoa, the production by cells of an increased amount of reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 ) in the freezing (thawing) cycle negatively affects the functional status of mitochondria, which, as is known, are the main source of energy for the sperm, ensuring the operation of the kinetic apparatus of the sperm and its general mobility. Data were obtained on the individual variability of the hydrogen peroxide content in the sperm of roosters at the age of 61 weeks in the freezing (thawing) cycle, allowing the selection of roosters according to this indicator

Abstract. Vitrification of female gametes is the most important tool for solving the strategic tasks of cellular reproductive technologies in animal husbandry, veterinary medicine and biomedicine: replication of elite individuals (cloning, transgenesis), biodiversity conservation, organ xenotransplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of nuclear cytoplasmic maturation (chromatin status and mitochondrial activity) and developmental competence of donor porcine oocytes subjected to intra- (IOV) or extra-ovarian (EOV) vitrification and cultured in various maturation systems. Methods. Donor pig oocytes (6–8 months old) were vitrified extra- or intraovarially using cryoprotective agents (DMSO, ethylene glycol, trehalose, sucrose). The composition of cryoprotective agents was supplemented with 0.001 % highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (HDSns). Oocytes were thawed in trehalose solutions in TS-199 with 10 % of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Oocytes were cultured for 44 hours in media supplemented with granulosa cells (106 cells per ml of medium) and/or 0.001% of HDSns at 38.5 °C, in an atmosphere of 5 % CO2. Fertilization in vitro was carried out in accordance with the recommendations presented by us earlier [17. p. 17]. The functional activity of mitochondria and the status of chromatin in oocytes were assessed by double staining using MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos and Hoechst 33258 dyes. Results. The level of matured oocytes was 61 % at EOV and 29 % at IOV, and the level of cleavage embryos in EOV was in 11 % (31 % vs. 20 %, P < 0.05) higher than at IOV when HDSns with granulosa cells were added in culture media. The maximum indicators of the functional activity of mitochondria among devitrified oocytes were in the group of EOV oocytes have cultured in media supplemented with HDSns and granulosa cells (152 ± 14.9 μA). Scientific novelty. The protocols for intra- and extra-ovarian vitrification of porcine oocytes have been modernized. Addition to cryoprotective agents and culture media of HDSns and co-culture of devitrified oocytes with granulosa cells significantly increased the fertility rates of devitrified gametes.

The features of violations of fire safety requirements in the field of construction are noted. The approaches to the implementation of both construction supervision and fire supervision have been clarified. Proposals for changes to legislation and the prospects for returning the state fire supervision to its previous powers in the field of construction, and above all at the design stage, were considered. The relevance and timeliness of the topic under discussion is stated.

Relevance . The priority task of reproductive technologies in animal husbandry is the development of effective storage protocols for female gametes. One way to preserve gametes is vitrification, which reduces damage to intracellular organelles by increasing viscosity upon cooling and minimizing crystallization. Methods . Various additives to cryoprotectants are used for optimization. In our work, titanium tetrapolyethylene glycolate was used in a 10-fold molar excess of polyethylene glycol (TTP EG *10PEG), the nature of the effect of which on cells was studied during short-term storage at low (5 °С) and ultra-low temperatures (-196 °С). The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the morphology of gametes and somatic cells (cumulus) of ovarian follicles of pigs after exposure to low and ultra-low temperatures (vitrification) when included in the TTP EG *10PEG low-temperature storage and vitrification protocol. Results . Exposure to TTP EG *10PEG at 5 °С caused an increase in the level of oocytes with subsequent morphological degenerations in points with control (from 13% to 5%, р = 0.005). After vitrification with TTP EG *10PEG: the level of gametes with low cumulus cells expansion increased to 35% in terms of the proportion of control gametes (23%); the proportion of denudated gametes was reduced to 50% compared to the control 65% (р < 0.05); the level of morphologically degenerated gametes corresponded to that of native oocytes (8% each) and was lower than in the control (17%), р < 0.005. The obtained data indicate the protective and cryoprotective effects of TTP EG *10PEG at a concentration of 2%, which suggests the possibility of its use in the technology of intraovarian vitrification of female reproductive cells.

Aim. Comprehensive analysis of the morphofunctional state of somatic (cumulus) and germ cells (oocytes) of Sus scrofa domesticus subjected to intraovarian vitrification using silicon dimethylglycerolate (SDMG) are presented. Materials and methods . Fragments of porcine ovaries (FsPO) 15×20 mm in size were gradually kept in cryoprotective agents (CPA) prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS): 25 min. in CPA-1 [7.5 % EG (ethylene glycol) with 7.5 % DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)] and 15 min. in CPA-2 (15 % EG with 15 % DMSO and 0.5 M sucrose). The composition of the CPA-2 in experimental groups was modified by addition of SDMG (at concentrations of 2 %, 6 %, or 10 %). FsPO were stored in liquid nitrogen. FsPO were devitrified by exposure 1 minute in solution 1 (80 % PBS, 20 % FBS, 0.5 mol/l sucrose) and 5 minutes in solution 2 (80 % PBS, 0.25 mol/l sucrose). The following indicators of cryoresistance of devitrified cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were analyzed: degree of cumulus cells expansion; oocyte morphology and the functional status of lipidome in female gametes (fluorescence intensity of Nile red /lipid droplets complex - FILDs). Results. The addition of SDMG into cryoprotective media reduced the level of denuded oocytes after vitrification. The level of gamete with different degree of cumulus cells expansion (low, medium, high) in the experimental group with 10 % SDMG tended to indicators in the group of native cells. The level of native oocytes with the signs of morphological degeneration (7.7%) had no significant differences with the level of intraovarian vitrified gametes with 10 % SDMG (11 %). The proportion of native oocytes with low FILDs (38.9 %) exceeded the level of oocytes with the above indicator in vitrified oocytes of the control (16.5 %) group and in experimental groups of cells with the addition of 6 % SDMG (4.8 %) and 10 % SDMG (11.8 %, P<0.001). Conclusion . In general, comprehensive monitoring of indicators cryoresistance of COCs in Sus scrofa domesticus subjected to intraovarian vitrification revealed the cryoprotective properties of SDMG. The effects were dose-dependent and were expressed in the stabilization of oocyte-cumulus communication, a decrease in the level of oocytes with the signs of morphological degeneration, and features of the lipidome functioning in intraovarian vitrified female gametes using SDMG at various concentrations.

Examples of normative consolidation of the reform of control (supervisory) activities in terms of the emergence of new types of activities are considered. The importance of preventive activities is emphasized, reflecting today's realities of implementing control (supervisory) activities. The issues of a moratorium on inspections until 2030 are touched upon. The types of preventive measures are given, and the features of preventive visits are outlined. A conclusion is made about the differences between individual terminological components mentioned in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation «On the peculiarities of the organization and implementation of state control (supervision), municipal control» and the Federal law «On state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation» with a statement of the peculiarities of the interpretation of the term «mandatory preventive visit».

Relevance. Identification and analysis of the reasons for reducing egg productivity is an urgent problem in quail breeding. The aim of this study is to assess the destructive processes in the somatic cells in ovarian follicles (the level of apoptosis and pycnosis) of mature quail layers of different productivity in connection with egg production and quality indicators of eggs. Methods. In experiments, the level of apoptosis and pyknosis in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles of 3–8 mm females of Estonian, Manchurian, English white, tuxedo, English black and Pharaoh breeds was evaluated. The quails were kept in individual cages in monopreed pairs with a muted 14-hour light day. The age of the females was 160–180 days. The level of pycnotic cells was assessed by the Tarkowski cytological method, apoptotic processes were analyzed by staining with fluorochromes, propidium iodide and acridine orange (10 mcg/mlPI/AO). Results. chromatin. The results of the study of chromatin destruction using PI/AO showed a high average percentage of apoptotic cells in almost all breeds except the p < 0.05). The maximum proportion of dead granulosa cells was tested in Tuxedo and English Black layers (52% and 43% respectively). At the same time, the English white breed of quails at the age of 183 days has one of the best indicators of egg production and the proportion of yolk in relation to egg weight, which indicates the possibility of prolonging the period of their use as laying hens.

The paper presents the results of studying the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection. The object of research was cattle and biological material (ear pluck) from cows of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection, contained in the agricultural production cooperative named after I.P. Senko, Grodno region. DNA genotyping of animals for the genes of diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP). The results of studies on the assessment of the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein cows of dairy cattle domestic selection showed that in terms of the mass fraction of fat and the amount of milk fat in milk, in most cases, the highest rates were in animals with the complex genotype DGAT1ККGHLLPRLAABLGAB.

Peculiarities of lipidome functioning (morphology and localization of lipid droplets, fluorescence intensity of the Nile red/lipid drop complex) in donor porcine (Sus scrofa domesticus) oocytes are analyzed depending on their functional status and follicle diameter. The necessity of adjusting the protocols for extracorporeal maturation of oocytes that have not finished the growth phase in vivo is substantiated.

Functioning of the granulosa cells of animal ovarian follicles (OF) determines the growth and development of the OF and the oocyte formed in it, which determines their use in modeling the composition of media for oocyte maturation in vitro in cell reproductive technologies. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of functional activity of granulosa cells in follicles of different diameters (< 3, 3–5, 5–8 mm) using complex testing of granulosa cell viability parameters (apoptosis level, production of reactive oxygen species, functional activity of mitochondria and lipidome) and hormonal status of follicle fluid (estradiol, testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone level) in order to optimize the composition of the culture media for in vitro maturation of pig oocytes. The experiments found that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the OF increased as the diameter of the OF increased (by 11% in OFs 5–8 mm in diameter, by 4% in OFs < 3 mm in diameter). There was an increase in the number of high reactive oxygen species cells (by 10% in 5–8 mm diameter OF compared with < 3 mm diameter OF) and high mitochondrial activity (by 12% in 5–8 mm diameter OF compared with < 3 mm diameter OF). Correlations were found between the group of cells with high generation of reactive oxygen species and the level of apoptosis (0.500, p < 0.05), as well as with high levels of mitochondrial activity (0.500, p < 0.05). Estradiol concentration in follicular fluid increased as the OF grew (1.50 ng/ml in OF < 3 mm diameter and 2.09 ng/ml in OF 3–5 mm diameter, p < 0.01), being almost unchanged in OF 5–8 mm diameter (2.11 ng/ml), as was the testosterone concentration. Correlations were found between the proportion of the cells with high NileRed/LD FI (a marker of lipid droplet functional activity) and the levels of estradiol (0.998, p < 0.05), testosterone (0.500, p < 0.05), and anti-Müllerian hormone (–0.500, p < 0.05) in the dynamics of folliculogenesis, as well as between estradiol concentration and the proportion of cells with high mitochondrial activity (0.746, p < 0.05). Correlations were detected between the concentrations of estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone, testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (–1.000, p < 0.05), between the level of apoptotic cells and the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone in follicular fluid (–1.000, p < 0.05). The results of the monitoring of the viability and functional activity of porcine OF granulosa cells supplement the available data on the peculiarities of their functioning in the dynamics of folliculogenesis and can be used in modeling the systems of in vitro maturation of donor oocytes of Sus Scrofa Domesticus .

A comparative analysis of the population of native and intraovarially vitrified with silicon glycerohydrogel (SGH) porcine oocyte-cumulus complexes was carried out taking into account the morphofunctional indicators of cryoresistance (morphology of somatic and germ cells; localization of lipid droplets (LD) and fluorescence intensity of LD/Nile red). The cryoprotective effects of SGH on oocyte-cumulus interactions and functioning of LD were revealed. The possibility of using SGH for intraovarian vitrification of Sus scrofa domesticus oocytes is argued.

Ensuring fire safety is one of the priority tasks of the state. Over the past few years, against the background of a decrease in the total number of dead people in fires, there has been a slight increase in the number of dead people in certain types of fire objects. To minimize the possibility of fires at supervised facilities, which are primarily dangerous in that they may lead to death, existing algorithms for motivating compliance with fire safety requirements for unscrupulous controlled persons are needed. The article considers the peculiarities of the implementation of control and supervisory activities at present, which may have a potential impact on the motivational component while complying with fire safety requirements at supervised facilities. The data of international fire statistics on the average number of dead people per 100 thousand people of the population are given, the dynamics of this indicator for Russia for the periods 2015–2019, 2016–2020, 2017–2021 are indicated. Official data of departmental fire statistics of EMERCOM of Russia on the number of dead people per 100 thousand people of the population are given, by the number of dead people, by the distribution of the number of dead people by certain types of fire objects, the dynamics of these indicators for the period 2019–2022, as well as for 3 months 2023, is indicated. A number of changes in the part of the regulatory framework and features related to the federal state fire supervision were noted and analyzed. The official data of the departmental statistics of EMERCOM of Russia of the law enforcement practice of the federal state fire supervision are indicated, the dynamics of individual indicators for the period 2021–2022 is indicated. It was concluded that it is necessary to continue to reduce the unreasonable administrative burden in relation to conscientious objects of control and to motivate the prevention of non-compliance with fire safety requirements by unscrupulous objects of control.

The features of the functioning of native and devitrified porcine granulosa cells at prolonged culture have characterized. Ultra-low temperatures cause an increase in the level of generation of reactive oxygen species and the proportion of apoptotic granulosa cells. The addition of 0.001% nanoparticles of highly dispersed silica in the composition of cryoprotective and culture media reduces the level of apoptotic cells.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (HDSns) on the cryoresistance of Ovis Aries cumulus of oocytes in conditions of intra-(IOV) or extra-(EOV) ovarian vitrification.Materials and methods. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) intended for EOV were treated with solutions of cryoprotectants (CPA) prepared on TC-199 with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum): CPA-1-0.7 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + 0.9 M ethylene glycol (EG);CPA-2-1.4 M DMSO + 1.8 M EG; CPA -3- 2.8 M DMSO + 3.6 M EG + 0.65 M trehalose. The COC was gradually exposed for 30 seconds in CPA-1, 30 seconds in CPA-2, and 20 seconds in CPA-3. At the IOV, the ovaries of the animals were divided into fragments and placed in sterile gauze containers in CPAs prepared on the basis of Dulbecco (PBS) with 20% FBS: CPA-1 - 7.5% EG + 7.5% DMSO (25 min), then in CPA-2 - 15% EG+15% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose (15 min). 0.001% HDSns (A.A. Chuiko ICP of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) were added to the CPAs and media for thawing of the experimental groups. The straws with the biomaterial were stored in liquid nitrogen for at least 24 hours. The COCs were removed from the straws after thawing and placed successively at 3 min: in a 0.25 M solution of trehalose in TC-199 with 10% FBS at 37°C, then in 0.19 M, and finally in 0.125 M trehalose. COCs from the thawed fragments were sequentially treated with 0.5 M (1 min) and 0.25 M (5 min) solutions of sucrose in PBS with 20% FBS. The final washing of all COCs was carried out in TC-199 with 10% FBS.Results. The results of morphological (the character of oocyte-cumulus communications) and cytological monitoring (the status of cumulus cells chromatin) revealed a positive effect of 0.001% HDSns on the parameters of cryoresistance of COC both at EOV and IOV. The proportion of cells with compact cumulus in the group of EOV of gametes with HDSns significantly exceeded that in their absence (69 % vs. 51 %, P<0.05). A similar trend was shown in IOV of oocytes (35 % vs. 20 %, P<0.05). The level of apoptotic (TUNEL-test) cells in the group of EOV (44 % vs. 32 %, P<0.05) and IOV (72 % vs. 51 %, P<0.001) of gametes sharply decreased when HDSns were added to cryoprotective media, and the proportion of pyknotic cells decreased during EOV (from 31 % to 21 %, P<0.05) and IOV (from 58 % to 41 %, P<0.05). In general, the obtained results indicate the expediency of using 0.001 % HDSns in the protocols of IOV and EOV of female gametes OVIS ARIAS.

Identification of effective markers of oocyte maturation based on morphological and functional characteristics of intracytoplasmic lipid droplets will allow to increaseinformative value of the criteria for assessing the quality of donor gametes for improvement of the efficiency of using cellular reproductive technologies in animal husbandry, biomedicine, and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study is to analyze the parameters of morphofunctional state of the lipidome (the morphology of lipid droplets and the intensity of fluorescence of the Nile red/lipid droplets complex - Nile red IF) in Susscrofadomesticus oocytes before and after in vitro cultivation. Oocytes were matured using Sage Media Cleavage (CooperSurgical, USA) with 5% Serum Protein Substitute serum (CooperSurgical, USA), 10 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma, USA). As a result of ranking the population of donor oocytes according to morphology of lipid droplets (granules and clusters) and Nile red IF (low, medium, high), it was found that, the proportion of oocytes with an average Nile red IF and lipid droplets (LD) in the form of granules was 63% before cultivation, which was significantly higher than the proportion of gametes with an average IF of Nile red and LD of a mixed form of 41% (P<0.05). After cultivation, the level of oocytes with medium Nile red IF and LD in the form of granules was 45%, which exceeded the level of gametes with the same Nile red IF and mixed LD of 23% (P<0.05). The proportion of in vitro matured oocytes with high Nile red IF and mixed LD morphology (granules and clusters) was 33%, 14% were characterized by the above parameters before cultivation (P<0.05). Comparative morphological analysis of the relation between the parameters of morphofunctional activity (morphology and IF Nile red) of lipidome in Susscrofadomesticus oocytes was carried out for the first time. Features of functional activity of lipidome before and after cultivation were revealed. The usage of a comprehensive analysis of parameters of functional activity of lipidomeforassessment of the quality of the oocyte is substantiated. Pig oocytes which morphology of lipid droplets is represented by a granular form are promising for cultivation, while Nile red IF is assessed as low. With regard to the analysis of the obtained results, it is recommended to use the proposed comprehensive assessment of lipidome based on morphology and Nile red IF to assess the initial population of donor oocytes in cellular reproductive technologies.